Tournament: GSU | Round: 2 | Opponent: na | Judge: na
Contention 1: The Status Quo and a Legal Dilemma  
Executive appointed panels determine the fate of detainees – be tried, get released, or face indefinite detainment.
Fox ‘13
BEN FOX , Associated Press Updated: August 18, 2013 US to review cases of Guantanamo prisoners previously deemed too dangerous to release http://www.startribune.com/politics/national/220112901.html
An administration task force …… psychologically at sea," she said.

Indefinite detainees occupy paradoxical legal spaces created by the Authorization for Use of Military Force Act. The law should allow for their trial or release—instead they have been tortured, pushed to suicide and force-fed because the United States is focused more on security than the legal situation of detainees.
Rosenberg ‘13
CAROL ROSENBERG 6/17/13 FOIA suit reveals Guantánamo’s ‘indefinite detainees’http:www.miamiherald.com/2013/06/17/v-fullstory/3456267/foia-suit-reveals-guantanamos.html#storylink=cpy
GUANTANAMO BAY NAVY BASE, Cuba -- The Obama administration Monday lifted a ….., who in turn gave it to Rosenberg.

Faulty government policies led to problematic labels such as “high value detainee” – suggests that men are too out of control, too uncivilized, dangerous, and mad to be subjects or even human beings. The executive has manipulated the law in order to manage, justify, and render reasonable the extra legal treatment of indefinite detainees. Law should be providing a check on executive authority.
Loizdou ‘7
Elena Loizidou, Senior Lecturer in Law Programme Director and Admissions Tutor at the Berbeck University of London. Judith Butler: Ethics, Law, and Politics. 2007 (115-16)
At the moment of the utterance, ……. some lives are deemed bare life.

We need to use academic space for reflection – as scholars and debaters, we should question the legal illegalities, such as infinite detention, which prohibit political possibility – this allows the executive to commit worse acts of mass indiscriminate killing. The 1AC needs to function as a site from which to question past and current abuses of sovereign power, otherwise actions like genocide, enslavement, and killing entire populations will be justified.   
Giroux ‘13
Henry A. Giroux | The Shooting Gallery: Obama and the Vanishing Point of Democracy
Tuesday, 12 February 2013 10:27
The culture of violence, fear and ……. as the possibility of a more just future. 

The status quo has already ceded the political—we as scholars and debaters must reclaim it by questioning how the law can check executive authority. Absent this examination of the relationship between power, the law, and authoritarianism your dearly held framework values like freedom, democracy, and deliberation will continue to atrophy until they are empty signifiers.  
Giroux ‘13
Henry A. Giroux | The Shooting Gallery: Obama and the Vanishing Point of Democracy
Tuesday, 12 February 2013 10:27
Frank Rich has suggested that …… we are all potentially the targets.

Contention 2: Masculinist Protection  

Ceding the political maintains peace and allows us to continue obeying sovereign authority in executive branch – this justifies the masculinist protection that orders American life.
Young ‘3 (Iris Marion, Ph.D. in philosophy from the Pennsylvania State University, Before coming to the University of Chicago she taught political theory for nine years in the Graduate School of Public and International Affairs at the University of Pittsburgh, Young's books include Justice and the Politics of Difference, Princeton University Press, 1990; Intersecting Voices: Dilemmas of Gender, Political Philosophy and Policy, Princeton University Press, 1997; Inclusion and Democracy, Oxford University Press, 2000 ; and forthcoming, On Female Body Experience, Oxford University Press, 2004.The Logic of Masculinist Protection: Re?ections on the Current Security State Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 2003, vol. 29, no. 1, http://www.signs.rutgers.edu/content/Young,20Logic20of20Masculinist20Protection.pdf)ERM
The security state is what ……. defensive measures against terrorism to protect Americans” (George W. Bush speech, September 14, 2001 quoted in Roth 2001).    

States justify their expectations of compliance from citizens under this logic – states of war become reasonable because of the dangers such as indefinite detainees. The constant loop of terror and protection traps legal and political imaginations making criticism and hope seem futile.
Young ‘3 (Iris Marion, Ph.D. in philosophy from the Pennsylvania State University, Before coming to the University of Chicago she taught political theory for nine years in the Graduate School of Public and International Affairs at the University of Pittsburgh, Young's books include Justice and the Politics of Difference, Princeton University Press, 1990; Intersecting Voices: Dilemmas of Gender, Political Philosophy and Policy, Princeton University Press, 1997; Inclusion and Democracy, Oxford University Press, 2000 ; and forthcoming, On Female Body Experience, Oxford University Press, 2004.The Logic of Masculinist Protection: Re?ections on the Current Security State Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 2003, vol. 29, no. 1, http://www.signs.rutgers.edu/content/Young,20Logic20of20Masculinist20Protection.pdf)ERM
The gendered logic of masculinist protection …… can limit it, that is to say, to a greater” (Hobbes 1668 1994, chap. 20, li, 135). 

We don’t claim that ending indefinite detention will dismantle the patriarchal system that legitimizes the masculine protection orders – but the shift in discursive topics is crucial to continuously interrupt the worst versions of patriarchal violence that drive us toward extinction.
Clark 04 (Mary E., PhD and professor of biological studies @ Berkeley, "RHETORIC, PATRIARCHY and WAR: EXPLAINING THE DANGERS OF "LEADERSHIP" IN MASS CULTURE", http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-4005307/Rhetoric-patriarchy-war-explaining-the.html)ERM
I begin by questioning the notion ……. annihilation of our species-is a constant, real possibility.

Contention 3: Structural Violence 

Detainees are kept out of sight and mind of the government and the public – abandoning the debate about indefinite detention has led to problems in the prisons.
Klaidman ‘13
Daniel Klaidman is the national political correspondent for Newsweek and The Daily Beast and the author of Kill or Capture: The War on Terror and the Soul of the Obama Presidency. How Gitmo Imprisoned Obama http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2013/05/15/how-gitmo-imprisoned-obama.html
For anyone who has followed the saga …… the facility,” he testified.Structural violence impact:

To be detained indefinitely creates psychological and physical trauma. There is no end to imprisonment, no finality or chance to mourn, only the despair inherent in lacking any control of one’s own fate.
Goering ‘13
Curt Goering is executive director of the …… no other way of making their demands known.

Guantanamo hunger strikes make the news and make detainees visible – concerned citizens realize that the existence is precarious. At Bagram, detainees become traces of missing loved ones. An abducted 14 yr old now 19, Pakistani nationals promised release still languishing in detention; a man who disappeared in 2003 spent 6 yrs in solitary. Bagram detainees and their families are already ungrievable lives determined to be valueless because of a risk to national security.
Belal ‘13
Sarah Belal is a barrister and director of the Justice Project of PakistanThe Express Tribune, September 5th, 2013 When will the Pakistanis kept at Bagram return? http://tribune.com.pk/story/599778/when-will-the-pakistanis-kept-at-bagram-return/
For years, the US government has held ……. close Bagram and it is time for Pakistan to do its part.

The continuum of violence perpetually shifts to allow for more and more small violences – interrogation meets the war on terror and becomes enhanced, detention collides with national security and becomes indefinite—it is almost no trick at all that we turn blasphemy into wisdom, brutality into patriotism, and sadism into justice-anyone can do it. Blurring the distinctions like these justifies a constant state of emergency and normalizes the catastrophic violence the negative so fears.
Scheper-Hughes and Bourgois ‘4
(Prof of Anthropology @ Cal-Berkely; Prof of Anthropology @ UPenn) (Nancy and Philippe, Introduction: Making Sense of Violence, in Violence in War and Peace, pg. 19-22) 

This large and at first sight “messy” ….. communities; and reversed feelings of victimization).

Plan: The United States congress should substantially increase statutory restrictions of the war powers of the President of the United States by requiring that people being detained either receive civilian trials or are released.

Tournament: Clarion | Round: 2 | Opponent: Liberty CS | Judge: Samantha Godbey
(   )  Perm do the plan and all non-competitive parts of the alternative—Strategic anthropomorphism is inevitable—all creatures identify with similar beings—but this solves the residual links.

Scholtz 5 (Werner, Associate Professor in Law – North-West University, “animal culling: a sustainable approach or anthropocentric atrocity?: issues of biodiversity and custodial sovereignty”, MqJICEL (2005) Vol 2shree)

The CBD recognizes that the ………. linkage between man and environment.

(   )  Even if they win root cause, vote aff—empirics prove that single issue focus on intrinsic ecological ethics can’t mobilize enough political support to solve—the perm is comparatively better even if there’s residual links

Sztybel 10 (David, Sztybel was born in Toronto, Ontario. He obtained his BA in philosophy in 1991, his MA in 1994, and his PhD in 2000 – for a thesis entitled "Empathy and Rationality in Ethics" – from the University of Toronto. He fulfilled an Advisory Research Committee Post-Doctoral Fellowship at Queen's University (2001-2002), held a fellowship at the Oxford Centre for Animal Ethics (2007–2011), and a research fellowship at the University of Vienna (2011 to present).  Rebuttal #2 to Dr. Perlo on Intrinsic versus Extrinsic Appeals, Journal for Critical Animal Studies, Volume VIII, Issue 1/2, 2010shree)

Dr. Perlo has been good enough ……….. considerable numbers of speciesists.

(   ) Their root cause arguments over-generalize—their alt causes genocide because their ethics collapses down to the lowest common denominator

Schmahmann and Polacheck 95 (David R. Schmahmann and Lori J. Polacheck, a partner in the firm of Nutter, McLennan and Fish, Boston College Environmental Affairs Law Review, SPRINGshree)

In the end, however, it is ……… the human being and the Colorado beetle. 26
(   )  Double turn—the alternative is anthropocentric—even environmentally destructive human actions must be seen as “natural” or we give humans a superior status—also, saying that it’s in our best interest to reject anthropocentrism glorifies human interests which internal link turns the K.  

Watson 7 (Richard, Philosopher, " A Critique of Anti-Anthropocentric Ethics," http://ocw.capilanou.ca/philosophy/phil-208-environmental-ethics/non-anthropocentric.htm, EMM)

If we accept biospherical egalitarianism, …… constraints only on human conduct.

Tournament: Clarion | Round: 2 | Opponent: Liberty CS | Judge: Samantha Godbey
No drone shift link---numbers don’t line up
Robert Chesney 11, Charles I. Francis Professor in Law at the UT School of Law as well as a non-resident Senior Fellow at Brookings, "Examining the Evidence of a Detention-Drone Strike Tradeoff", October 17, www.lawfareblog.com/2011/10/examining-the-evidence-of-a-detention-drone-strike-tradeoff/
Yesterday Jack linked to this piece by Noah Feldman, ………. complex and difficult to measure.

Their fear of terrorism is based on a masculinized notion of security that causes endless war and violence
Stabile and Rentschler, 05
Carol A. Stabile and Carrie Rentschler, Carol A. Stabile is a Professor in the School of Journalism and Communication and Department of Women’s and Gender Studies at the University of Oregon, Carrie Rentschler is a Scholar of Feminist Media Studies and?Director of the Institute for Gender, Sexuality and Feminist Studies at McGill University, “States of Insecurity and the Gendered Politics of Fear,” NWSA Journal 17.3

"Terrorism" has become a catchall ……., but we think the price is worth it'" (Pilger 2000).

Tournament: Clarion | Round: Semis | Opponent: Liberty MW | Judge:
(   )  No God—laundry list

Docterman 96 (Chad, Why the Christian God is Impossible, http://www.positiveatheism.org/writ/imposs.htm shree)

What did God do during that ……. or invisible pink unicorns. 

(   )  We can have happiness without religion.

Russell ’57 (Bertrand, British Philosopher and Social critic, in “Atheism: A Reader”, Edited by S.T. Joshi, p. 92-93)
There is a simpler ……… than those who had not.

(   )  Scripture proves nothing—too many logical gaps and contradictions for it to be true

Dawkins 6—Richard, evolutionary biologist at Oxford University, The God Delusion, 2006, page 92-95

There are still some people …….. should be descended from David.

Judeo-Christian tradition reduces individuals, not positive for minorities
Ludd 05 (Apio, Critical Theorist and Anarchist Activist—Italian post-autonomist based in Oakland, CA “Networks of Domination: Religion: When the Sacred Imprisons the Marvelous” http://theanarchistlibrary.org/library/wolfi-landstreicher-the-network-of-domination#toc8 retrieved 11/3/13 R.C.)

It is likely that human beings ……….. institutions of domination are sacred.

Tournament: Clarion | Round: 3 | Opponent: Army MS | Judge: Joseph Autry
The rhetoric of terrorism lies on a hegemonic language of misogyny and homophobia.
Ahmad ‘2
Muneer Ahmad is an assistant professor of law at American University Washington College of Law. Homeland Insecurities: Racial Violence the Day after September 11 in 911—A Public Emergency? Special Issue Editors Brent Edwards, Stefano Harney, Randy Martin, Timothy Mitchell, Fred Moten, and Ella Shohat Social Text 72, Vol. 20, No. 3, Fall 2002
The reliance on misogyny …….. and clandestine terror.

Focusing on terrorism leads to serial policy failure
Ahmad ‘2
Muneer Ahmad is an assistant professor of law at American University Washington College of Law. Homeland Insecurities: Racial Violence the Day after September 11 in 911—A Public Emergency? Special Issue Editors Brent Edwards, Stefano Harney, Randy Martin, Timothy Mitchell, Fred Moten, and Ella Shohat Social Text 72, Vol. 20, No. 3, Fall 2002
It would be naive to ignore …….. after September 11 as well.

The term terrorism is a tool used by the state to justify endless violence
Butler ‘2
Judith Butler is Maxine Elliot Professor in the Departments of Rhetoric and Comparative Literature at the University of California, Berkeley.  Guantánamo Limbo The Nation April 1, 2002
Just as a distinction is ……. protections on foreign soil.)

Tournament: Cali Swing | Round: 2 | Opponent: Liberty | Judge: 

The Ego is the root cause of all forms of suffering and oppression, only by embracing the Te can we return to harmony that existed thousands of years ago

Hoff 92 (Benjamin, University of Oregon, B.A. in Asian Art at The Evergreen State College, The Te of Piglet, Penguin Group Publishers, pg. 13-16,1992) ~{gender neutral phrasing added by JMU Debate in ~~~}
Thousands of years ago, ~hu~man~s~ lived in harmony
AND
- erating in the natural world, that those truths were only partially understood

Military dominance and furthering the militaristic ideologies that exist and are perpetuated by the President’s war powers, astronomically augment the ego, and result in economic and environmental devastation

Hoff 92 (Benjamin, University of Oregon, B.A. in Asian Art at The Evergreen State College, The Te of Piglet, Penguin Group Publishers, pg. 216-220, 1992)
The Conservatives (being very religious peo- ple, they say) believe that
AND
using armored bull- dozers-thirty feet down for ninety square miles.

Thus, JMU PP affirms the Te in an effort to criticize the war powers authority of the President of the United States in the area of introducing United States Armed Forces into hostilities because it is a manifestation of the ego.

Contention 2 is Solvency

The Ego is responsible for all forms of pain and suffering, rejecting the ego on an individual level changes the way we react to suffering

Wells 2012 (Pamela J. Wells, spiritual and inspirational writer who writes¶ articles on spirituality, awareness, being selfless,¶ how to transcend the mind,  Spiritual and Inspirational Writers Blog, Ego = Pain + Suffering, January 28, 2012)
Our identity with our self and our judgment of others keeps us asleep, unconscious
AND
causes the person with the ego to feel feelings of loneliness and separation.

Western ideals often create difficulties where there are none. Embracing the Te allows us to see things As They Are, preventing western ideology from clouding our better judgment

Hoff 92 (Benjamin, University of Oregon, B.A. in Asian Art at The Evergreen State College, The Te of Piglet, Penguin Group Publishers, pg. 169-172, 1992)
One of the many advantages of seeing Things As They Are is that we can
AND
return. But the son couldn’t go, because he’d broken his leg. 

Eliminating the Ego allows us to become the small, and attain perfect virtue

Hoff 92 (Benjamin, University of Oregon, B.A. in Asian Art at The Evergreen State College, The Te of Piglet, Penguin Group Publishers, pg. 199-201, 1992)
Returning to Taoist principles for a moment: When we eliminate interference from the Ego
AND
Great. So too the wise may become great, By becoming small. 

The Te is unique in that it uses philosophy and takes a solid action. Embracing the Te is a prerequisite to achieving any kind of real world change, because it necessitates effortless political action
Hoff 92 (Benjamin, University of Oregon, B.A. in Asian Art at The Evergreen State College, The Te of Piglet, Penguin Group Publishers, pg. 155-157,1992)
Taoism is not the reject-the-physical-world way of living that
AND
it sings. Water re- sponds to What’s There with effortless action."

The Te is a bottom up approach. Addressing the ego at the individual level creates the best results, and combats the state’s egotistical tendencies

Hoff 92 (Benjamin, University of Oregon, B.A. in Asian Art at The Evergreen State College, The Te of Piglet, Penguin Group Publishers, pg. 224-227, 1992)
The Taoist ideal is to rule by "filling stomachs and building bones"-to
AND
daily in the United States have never been directly tested for toxic effect. 

Rejecting the Ego solves all worldly conflicts and allows for contentment, key to value to life

Hoff 92 (Benjamin, University of Oregon, B.A. in Asian Art at The Evergreen State College, The Te of Piglet, Penguin Group Publishers, pg. 187-188, 1992) ~{gender neutral phrasing added by JMU Debate in ~~~}
The Taoist alchemist and herbalist KO Hung described one of the benefits of nonegotistical awareness
AND
, he is free from all danger+, a dragon hidden among men. 

Contention 3 is Framework:

Policy education is spiritually deficient. Tao education better creates harmonious learning in academia, and combats the social engineering of the constructs of the debate space

Attempts to socially engineer the debate space into ’predictable, manageable forms’ fail—the joy of life comes spontaneously in accepting alterity as it is
Slabbert 1, (Jos, Taoist teacher, "Tao Te Ching: How to Deal With Suffering," http://www.taoism.net/theway/suffer.htm shree, ev under erasure)

If you open yourself to loss, you are at one with loss and you
AND
the more we tamper with it, the more damage we will do. 

Role-playing breeds interpassivity through addiction and feeds the ego. This is evident in the current status of policy debate: we talk about enacting some kind of government policy that doesn’t actually go into Congress, or we interrogate oppression through personal narratives, and therefore any action we take is corrupted by the ego. We must break away from the social engineering of the status quo and establish a fluid debate space

Antonio 95 (Robert, University of Kansas, Nietzsche’s Antisociology: Subjectified Culture and the End of History American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 101, No. 1 (Jul., 1995), pp. 1-43shree)

The "problem of the actor," Nietzsche said, "troubled me for the
AND
117-18, 213, 288-89, 303-4).

The aff is a pre-requisite to preventing cooption because we as individuals act in virtue. The Te calls for a transformation from virtue to virtue in action, which means the aff’s politics don’t get coopted

Hoff 92 (Benjamin, University of Oregon, B.A. in Asian Art at The Evergreen State College, The Te of Piglet, Penguin Group Publishers, pg. 22-23,1992)
As we were saying, Te is pronounced DEH. In classical Chinese, it
AND
, and only Piglet, who un- dergoes just such a transformation. 

Taoism directly challenges western ideals and is more productive than western schools of thought

Hoff 92 (Benjamin, University of Oregon, B.A. in Asian Art at The Evergreen State College, The Te of Piglet, Penguin Group Publishers, pg. 18-19,1992)
Briefly, Taoism is a way of living in harmony with Tao, the Way
AND
, and serene-like its favorite symbol, that of flowing water.

Fiction is key to decisionmaking by training us to cope with complexity and ambiguity

Djikic, Oatley 26 Moldoveanu 13 - Maja Djikic  Ph.D. is a Senior Research Associate and the Director of Self-Development Lab at Rotman School of Management , Keith Oatley professor emeritus of cognitive psychology at the University of Toronto 26 Mihnea C. Moldoveanu University of Toronto  ("Opening the Closed Mind: The Effect of Exposure to Literature on the Need for Closure", Creativity Research Journal, 25:2, 149-154)
The need for cognitive closure is a need to reach a quick conclusion in decision
AND
half millennia, developed minds whose supple and agile turns are still admired.