Tournament: App State | Round: 1 | Opponent: Indiana FH | Judge: Rob Burns
Contention 1 is Red (White and Blue) Spread

The status quo is defined by an exponentially increasing use of drone warfare as part of an ever-expanding war on alterity—present in every conflict, UAV’s have become the keystone of borderless warfare that has defined the present conflict
Gaist 7/23 (Thomas, reporter for GlobalResearch, the center for globalization studies based in Montreal, “US Expands Global Drone Warfare” http://www.globalresearch.ca/us-expands-global-drone-warfare/5343612, retrieved 9/26/13, RC THIS CARD IS GENDER MODIFIED)
In what the … of strategic dominance.

This has led to a re-hashing of imperialism oriented around virtual, casualty free battles—this militarism ensures military conflict ad infinitum
Buchanan 06 (Ian, professor of critical and cultural theory at Cardiff University “Treatise on Militarism” retrieved 10/8/13 R.C.)
The “Vietnam Syndrome” … a strategic error?

And this new militarism has led to war existing in a state of simulation—winning is no longer the objective, but rather the act of war itself. The end result is an endless spiral downward until the war machine subsumes the State culminating in total endless war and infinite threat annihilation
Buchanan 06 (Ian, professor of critical and cultural theory at Cardiff University “Treatise on Militarism” retrieved 10/8/13 R.C. THIS EVIDENCE IS GENDER MODIFIED)
Why did this … more terrifying still. (1987, 421)

Contention 2 is Collateral Damage

The militarism invoked by the politics of War for Peace spills across borders, spinning a web that ensnares every culturally productive institution—the status quo is defined by a ‘culture of war’ that increasingly radicalizes and militarizes every day spaces. The media invokes spectacular displays of suffering which only serve to produce passivity and investment of public desire in systemized violence made possible by the permanent state of war. The only hope left is to re-open the pedagogical spaces that have been sealed off, and develop the vocabulary key to define the way that violence now structures life.
Giroux 12 (Henry, holds the Global Television and Network Chair in English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, and prominent social critic “Violence, USA: The Warfare State and the Hardening of Everyday Life” http://monthlyreview.org/2013/05/01/violence-usa retrieved 10/15/13 R.C.)
Since 9/11, the … of democratic life.¶ 

Thus the Plan: The United States Federal Government should implement and enforce a ban on targeted killing through drone strikes.

Solvency

And armed drones are the lynchpin of this new form of imperialism—they are THE critical component in the evolution of a deterritorialized, borderless “everywhere war”
Shaw 13 (Ian, Lecturer in Human Geography at the University of Glasgow, “Predator Empire: The Geopolitics of U.S. Drone Warfare” http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14650045.2012.749241 retrieved 10/21/13 R.C.)
According to research … the Predator Empire.

Our interpretation is that your evaluation of this round should be predicated off of changing the status quo, and not pre-empting the future—the ontogenetic production of threats is the result of strategic temporality
Massumi 07 (Brian, professor of Philosophy at European Graduate School, “Potential Politics and the Primacy of Pre-Emption” Retrieved 10/15/13 R.C.)
Preemption shares many … entirely different plane.

The 1AC is a politics of hope- taking steps one at a time guarantees movement, but focusing on the end of the trail leaves nothing—the alternative is hopelessness
Massumi and Zournazi No Date (Brian and Mary, Professor of Philosophy at European Graduate School and Massui Professor at the University of Montreal, “An Interview with Brian Massumi” http://www.international-festival.org/node/111 retrieved 10/23/13 R.C. THIS EVIDENCE IS MODIFIED FOR ABELIST RHETORIC)
Mary Zournazi: I'd like to … me, that’s ‘hopeless’.¶

Tournament: Clarion | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Liberty BM | Judge: Rob Glass, Kelly Young, Christy Webster Dunn
Contention 1 is Red (White and Blue) Spread
The status quo is defined by an exponentially increasing use of drone warfare as part of an ever-expanding war on alterity—present in every conflict, UAV’s have become the keystone of borderless warfare that has defined the present conflict
Gaist 7/23 (Thomas, reporter for GlobalResearch, the center for globalization studies based in Montreal, “US Expands Global Drone Warfare” http://www.globalresearch.ca/us-expands-global-drone-warfare/5343612, retrieved 9/26/13, RC THIS CARD IS GENDER MODIFIED)

In what the Washington Post describes as the “next phase of drone warfare,”
AND
militarist agenda aimed at shoring up American imperialism’s eroding position of strategic dominance.

This has led to a re-hashing of imperialism oriented around virtual, casualty free battles—this militarism ensures military conflict ad infinitum
Buchanan 06 (Ian, professor of critical and cultural theory at Cardiff University “Treatise on Militarism” retrieved 10/8/13 R.C.)

The “Vietnam Syndrome” is an optical illusion, a wish-fulfillment¶
AND
a potentially protracted foreign¶ war and not consider that a strategic error?

And this new militarism has led to war existing in a state of simulation—winning is no longer the objective, but rather the act of war itself. The end result is an endless spiral downward until the war machine subsumes the State culminating in total endless war and infinite threat annihilation
Buchanan 06 (Ian, professor of critical and cultural theory at Cardiff University “Treatise on Militarism” retrieved 10/8/13 R.C. THIS EVIDENCE IS GENDER MODIFIED)

Why did this American defeat (the largest reversal in the¶ history of the
AND
a¶ form of peace more terrifying still. (1987, 421)

Contention 2 is Collateral Damage
The militarism invoked by the politics of War for Peace spills across borders, spinning a web that ensnares every culturally productive institution—the status quo is defined by a ‘culture of war’ that increasingly radicalizes and militarizes every day spaces. This systematized violence becomes pleasure to a militarized population, with the media constantly offering new forms of spectacularized violence to fuel the fetishes of the populous. War and Death are trivialized and turned to sport in order to encourage passivity with regards to the permanent state of war. The only hope we have left is to re-open the pedagogical spaces that have been sealed off, and develop the vocabulary key to define the way that violence now structures life.
Giroux 12 (Henry, holds the Global Television and Network Chair in English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, and prominent social critic “Violence, USA: The Warfare State and the Hardening of Everyday Life” http://monthlyreview.org/2013/05/01/violence-usa retrieved 10/15/13 R.C.)

Since 9/11, the war on terror and the campaign for homeland security
AND
authoritarianism that is working hard to snuff out all vestiges of democratic life.¶ 

Thus the Plan: The United States Federal Government should implement a ban on targeted killing through drone strikes.

Solvency
And armed drones are the lynchpin of this new form of imperialism—they are THE critical component in the evolution of a deterritorialized, borderless “everywhere war”
Shaw 13 (Ian, Lecturer in Human Geography at the University of Glasgow, “Predator Empire: The Geopolitics of U.S. Drone Warfare” http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14650045.2012.749241 retrieved 10/21/13 R.C.)

According to research by Nick Turse, the US military operates 1,100 bases
AND
Their vulnerability is inseparable from the topological spatial power of the Predator Empire.
Our interpretation is that your evaluation of this round should be predicated off of changing the status quo, and not pre-empting the future—the ontogenetic production of threats is the result of strategic temporality
Massumi 07 (Brian, professor of Philosophy at European Graduate School, “Potential Politics and the Primacy of Pre-Emption” Retrieved 10/15/13 R.C.)

Preemption shares many characteristics with deterrence. Like deterrence, it operates in the present
AND
becoming operative. The operative logic will function on an entirely different plane.

Ours is a politics of hope- taking steps one at a time guarantees movement, but focusing on the end of the trail leaves us nothing—the alternative is hopelessness
Massumi and Zournazi No Date (Brian and Mary, Professor of Philosophy at European Graduate School and Massui Professor at the University of Montreal, “An Interview with Brian Massumi” http://www.international-festival.org/node/111 retrieved 10/23/13 R.C.)

Mary Zournazi: I'd like to think about hope and the affective dimensions of our
AND
be solved. It’s utopian thinking, for me, that’s ‘hopeless’.¶

Tournament: JV Novice Nats | Round: 2 | Opponent: Binghamton KS | Judge: Savon Ayodeji
Contention 1: Production

The Drone transmutes subjects through technoscientific policing of identity – leads to anonymous collateral damage and globalizing an individualized war
Gregory 13 (Derek, Peter Wall Distinguished Professor and Professor of Geography at the University of British Colombia in Vancouver, “Drone Geographies,” Radical Philosophy http://www.radicalphilosophy.com/article/drone-geographies 2/20/14 R.C.)
Third, individuation refers … disturbs most critics.65

This ontological production of subjectivities displaces symbolic criticism
Clough 04 (Patricia Ticineto, professor of Sociology and coordinator of the Women’s Studies Certificate Program at CUNY Graduate Center, “Future Matters: Technoscience, Global Politics, and Cultural Cricism,” Social Text 22.3 http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/social_text/v022/22.3clough.html retrieved 2/17/14 R.C.)
But if what is … to be cosponsors.

The impact is material and living death – the aff is a first step to positive knowledge production and emancipatory politics
Clough 04 (Patricia Ticineto, professor of Sociology and coordinator of the Women’s Studies Certificate Program at CUNY Graduate Center, “Future Matters: Technoscience, Global Politics, and Cultural Cricism,” Social Text 22.3 http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/social_text/v022/22.3clough.html retrieved 2/17/14 R.C.)
Increasingly, these are …  of social criticism.

Contention 2: Destruction

Drones are used to eradicate the potential for bodies to become threatening – this pre-emptive guilt means we are all, already potential targets to kill
Shaw 13 (Ian, Lecturer in Human Geography at the University of Glasgow, “Predator Empire: The Geopolitics of U.S. Drone Warfare” http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14650045.2012.749241 retrieved 10/21/13 R.C.)
Dillon and Reid 88 extend …  in the future. 97¶ 

And this politics is predicated off twin poles of perception and preemption – the actual killing is only one side of the equation. The “targets” to “kill” are understood in terms of their presentation as personalized threats, militarizing at the private level
Massumi 10 (Brian, professor of Philosophy at European Graduate School, “Perception Attack: Brief on War Time” http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/theory_and_event/v013/13.3.massumi.html retrieved 11/7/13 R.C.)
The network is … force of life.¶ 

Fear isn’t bad, how it’s mobilized is – threat turned everyday condition primes individuals to desire pre-emptive action
McManus 11 (Susan, Lecturer in Political Theory at Queen's University, “Hope, Fear, and the Politics of Affective Agency,” http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/theory_and_event/v014/14.4.mcmanus.html retrieved 11/5/13  R.C.)
This patterning of … I finally turn.¶ 

That leads to war as a permanent condition – eventually we’ll run out of targets “out there” and turn inward
Buchanan 06 (Ian, professor of critical and cultural theory at Cardiff University “Treatise on Militarism” retrieved 10/8/13 R.C.)
Why did this …  more terrifying still. (1987, 421)

Thus the Plan: The United States federal government should statutorily prohibit the war powers authority of the president to use drones for targeted killing.

Contention 3: Reconciliation

Armed Drones are uniquely key to status quo militarization – their praxis is the reason War Powers Authority is centralized under the executive
Shaw 13 (Ian, Lecturer in Human Geography at the University of Glasgow, “Predator Empire: The Geopolitics of U.S. Drone Warfare” http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14650045.2012.749241 retrieved 10/21/13 R.C.)
According to research … of the Predator Empire.

The switch to affective control means sustained resistance through depatterning is the best way to solve – alternatives get absorbed and sold back
Clough 04 (Patricia Ticineto, professor of Sociology and coordinator of the Women’s Studies Certificate Program at CUNY Graduate Center, “Future Matters: Technoscience, Global Politics, and Cultural Cricism,” Social Text 22.3 http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/social_text/v022/22.3clough.html retrieved 2/17/14 R.C.)
Control is a … economy of affect.34

Ontopower determines the authority of the executive—the only check is an interrogation of the politics that produced the unitary Executive
Massumi 09 (Brian, professor of philosophy at EGS and communications at University of Montreal, "National Enterprise Emergency: Steps Toward an Ecology of Powers” Theory, Culture, and Society retrieved 11/23/13 R.C.)
For an edge system … which traditionally moderated it.17

The affirmative decontextualizes the acceleration of threat in policies – this lets individuals reconfigure their relationship to crisis
Massumi, Boucher, and Prost 10 (Brian, professor of philosophy at EGS and Communications at the University of Montreal, being interviewed by Marie-Pier and Jean-Francois, for Adaptive Actions – Madrid “Action Fragments for the City: An Interview with Brian Massumi” retrieved 11/10/13 R.C.)
BM: It's true that … as situation-specific instead.

That makes the plan key – collective action realizes itself individually – our politics can’t be separated from its praxis
Manning et al. ‘11 (Erin, Brian Massumi, Jonas Fritsch, and Bodil Marie Stavning Thomsen, all gifted intellectuals whose conversation was intelligent enough to be published by the University of Montreal, “Affective Attunement in a Field of Catastrophe” http://www.peripeti.dk/2012/06/06/affective-attunement-in-a-field-of-catastrophe/ Retrieved 10/24/13 R.C. )
MASSUMI: Well, I think that …  the attuned differences?¶

That is key – locating resistance in the Virtual produces an excess that capitalism can’t absorb
Clough 04 (Patricia Ticineto, professor of Sociology and coordinator of the Women’s Studies Certificate Program at CUNY Graduate Center, “Future Matters: Technoscience, Global Politics, and Cultural Cricism,” Social Text 22.3 http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/social_text/v022/22.3clough.html retrieved 2/17/14 R.C.)
If there is …  future, the virtual.

Tournament: Navy | Round: 1 | Opponent: WVU DR | Judge: Niccolo Paqueo
Contention 1 is Red (White and Blue) Spread
The status quo is defined by an exponentially increasing use of drone warfare as part of an ever-expanding war on alterity—present in every conflict, UAV’s have become the keystone of borderless warfare that has defined the present conflict
Gaist 13 (Thomas, reporter for GlobalResearch, the center for globalization studies based in Montreal, “US Expands Global Drone Warfare” http://www.globalresearch.ca/us-expands-global-drone-warfare/5343612, retrieved 9/26/13, RC THIS CARD IS GENDER MODIFIED)
In what the … of strategic dominance.

This has led to a re-hashing of imperialism oriented around virtual, casualty free battles—this militarism ensures military conflict ad infinitum
Buchanan 06 (Ian, professor of critical and cultural theory at Cardiff University “Treatise on Militarism” retrieved 10/8/13 R.C.)
The “Vietnam Syndrome” is … a strategic error?

And this new militarism has led to war existing in a state of simulation—winning is no longer the objective, but rather the act of war itself. The end result is an endless spiral downward until the war machine subsumes the State culminating in total endless war and infinite threat annihilation
Buchanan 06 (Ian, professor of critical and cultural theory at Cardiff University “Treatise on Militarism” retrieved 10/8/13 R.C. THIS EVIDENCE IS GENDER MODIFIED)
Why did this … more terrifying still. (1987, 421)

Contention 2 is Collateral Damage
Drone Warfare is specifically guilty—the operative logic at hand places the crosshairs on potentiality
Shaw 13 (Ian, Lecturer in Human Geography at the University of Glasgow, “Predator Empire: The Geopolitics of U.S. Drone Warfare” http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14650045.2012.749241 retrieved 10/21/13 R.C. THIS CARD IS GENDER MODIFIED)
Dillon and Reid 88 extend Foucault's … become threats in the future. 97¶ 

This convening of perception and preemption of threat is the starting point for criticism—modulation of the affective environment leads to infinitely recursive threats and the pre-submission of bodies to authority
Massumi 10 (Brian, professor of Philosophy at European Graduate School, “Perception Attack: Brief on War Time” http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/theory_and_event/v013/13.3.massumi.html retrieved 11/7/13 R.C.)
The network is recessive. … force of life.¶ 

This yields a pathological deployment of fear-affects as a mobilizing force which: (a) leads to the ontogenetic production of threats, and (b) precludes any agential actions—this can be broken down by disrupting its pattern
McManus 11 (Susan, Lecturer in Political Theory at Queen's University, “Hope, Fear, and the Politics of Affective Agency,” http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/theory_and_event/v014/14.4.mcmanus.html retrieved 11/5/13  R.C.)
This patterning of … I finally turn.¶ 

Which reduces life to the barely active—life primed to act, that only exists in the instances between mobilization
Massumi 10 (Brian, professor of Philosophy at European Graduate School, “Perception Attack: Brief on War Time” http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/theory_and_event/v013/13.3.massumi.html retrieved 11/7/13 R.C.)
The infra-interval is … of proto-epistemological warfare.24

Thus the Plan: The United States federal government should statutorily prohibit the president’s authority to use drones for targeted killing.

Solvency
And armed drones are the lynchpin of this new form of imperialism—they are THE critical component in the evolution of a deterritorialized, borderless “everywhere war”
Shaw 13 (Ian, Lecturer in Human Geography at the University of Glasgow, “Predator Empire: The Geopolitics of U.S. Drone Warfare” http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14650045.2012.749241 retrieved 10/21/13 R.C.)
According to research … of the Predator Empire.

Our interpretation is that your evaluation of this round should be predicated off of changing the status quo, and not pre-empting the future—the ontogenetic production of threats is the result of strategic temporality
Massumi 07 (Brian, professor of Philosophy at European Graduate School, “Potential Politics and the Primacy of Pre-Emption” Retrieved 10/15/13 R.C.)
Preemption shares many … entirely different plane.

Ontopower determines the authority of the executive—the only check is a typology of State power that traces how it expanded
Massumi 09 (Brian, professor of philosophy at EGS and communications at University of Montreal, "National Enterprise Emergency: Steps Toward an Ecology of Powers” Theory, Culture, and Society retrieved 11/23/13 R.C.)
For an edge system …. which traditionally moderated it.17

The 1AC is a politics of hope- taking steps one at a time guarantees movement, but focusing on the end of the trail leaves nothing—the alternative is hopelessness
Massumi and Zournazi No Date (Brian and Mary, Professor of Philosophy at European Graduate School and Massui Professor at the University of Montreal, “An Interview with Brian Massumi” http://www.international-festival.org/node/111 reteved 10/23/13 R.C. THIS EVIDENCE IS MODIFIED FOR ABELIST RHETORIC)
Mary Zournazi: I'd like to … that’s ‘hopeless’.¶

Tournament: App State | Round: 6 | Opponent: Michigan CP | Judge: Terrell Taylor
The affirmative is micropolitical—the justification of the affirmative, and our “solvency,” lies in opening spaces for potential emergence; reject the counterplan on point because its managerial politics (a) necessitates violent oppression and (b) inevitably fails
Massumi, Boucher, and Prost 10 (Brian, professor of philosophy at EGS and Communications at the University of Montreal, being interviewed by Marie-Pier and Jean-Francois, for Adaptive Actions – Madrid “Action Fragments for the City: An Interview with Brian Massumi” retrieved 11/10/13 R.C.)
MPB: It seems to … It's an alter-storm.

Bureaucracy DA

And, their obsessive focus on which policy we should enact causes interpassivity
Van Oenen 6
(Gijs, Theory and Event 9:2, A Machine That Would Go of Itself: Interpassivity and Its Impact on Political Life, ProjectMUSE)
But more importantly … become the product.

That makes bureaucratic management the end-point of our political engagement- obscures processes of oppression
Van Oenen 6
(Gijs, Theory and Event 9:2, A Machine That Would Go of Itself: Interpassivity and Its Impact on Political Life, ProjectMUSE)
We may thus … the pleasure principle.9

The CP fails. Hard law is more credible and soft law can’t be enforced
Shaffer and Pollack (Gregory C. Shaffer and Mark A. Pollack, Gregory Shaffer is Melvin C. Steen Professor of Law, University of Minnesota Law School, and Mark Pollack is Jean Monnet Chair and Associate Professor of Political Science, Temple University, Hard vs. Soft Law: Alternatives, Complements, and Antagonists in International Governance, Minnesota Law Review, http://www.minnesotalawreview.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/08/ShafferPollack_MLR.pdf)
Hard-law instruments … such as courts.25

Tournament: App State | Round: 6 | Opponent: Michigan CP | Judge: Terrell Taylor
Essentializing State value claims bypass actual interrogations of governmentality and cripple our ability to resist it in its worse forms
Patton ’10 (Paul, scientia professor at the UNSW school of humanities and languages , “Activism, Philosophy, and Actuality in Deleuze and Foucault” from Deleuze and Political Activism retrieved 10/28/13 R.C.)  
Elements of this …  of multiple governmentalities’ (77).

It is irrelevant whether or not the State is good—embracing a differential attunement provides the means to disorganize within the organized and generate flips
Manning et al. ‘11 (Erin, Brian Massumi, Jonas Fritsch, and Bodil Marie Stavning Thomsen, all gifted intellectuals whose conversation was intelligent enough to be published by the University of Montreal, “Affective Attunement in a Field of Catastrophe” http://www.peripeti.dk/2012/06/06/affective-attunement-in-a-field-of-catastrophe/ Retrieved 10/24/13 R.C. )
MASSUMI: Well, I think that … or biogrammatic, terms.

Tournament: Clarion | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Liberty BM | Judge: Rob Glass, Kelly Young, Christy Webster Dunn
They misunderstand the function of the executive branch – this means you should be skeptical of their predictions of the impact of executive flex, they destroy democratic politics, and that they contribute to the myth of executive speed and flexibility.
Glezos 11 (Simon Glezos, Lecturer of Political Science at the University of Victoria, British Columbia, “The ticking bomb: Speed, liberalism and ressentiment against the future”, Contemporary Political Theory 10.2 (May 2011): 147-165. doi:10.1057/cpt.2010.6
This article uses … a terminal velocity.

Tournament: App State | Round: 1 | Opponent: Indiana FH | Judge: Rob Burns
They misunderstand the function of the executive branch – this means you should be skeptical of their predictions of the impact of executive flex, they destroy democratic politics, and that they contribute to the myth of executive speed and flexibility.
Glezos 11 (Simon Glezos, Lecturer of Political Science at the University of Victoria, British Columbia, “The ticking bomb: Speed, liberalism and ressentiment against the future”, Contemporary Political Theory 10.2 (May 2011): 147-165. doi:10.1057/cpt.2010.6
This article uses … a terminal velocity.

The focus on state bureaucracy legitimizes the power of the state to conduct totalitarian control over the population
Saas, 12
(William O Saas, PhD in Communication Arts and Sciences from Penn State, “Critique of Charismatic Violence”, symploke, Volume 20, Numbers 1-2, 2012, pp. 65-82, NL)
Bureaucracy also allows … of their own.

Tournament: App State | Round: 6 | Opponent: Michigan CP | Judge: Terrell Taylor
Drone Warfare is specifically guilty—the methodology of targeted killing is the extermination of dangerous potentialities leading to the weaponization of information
Shaw 13 (Ian, Lecturer in Human Geography at the University of Glasgow, “Predator Empire: The Geopolitics of U.S. Drone Warfare” http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14650045.2012.749241 retrieved 10/21/13 R.C.)
Dillon and Reid 88 extend …  in the future. 97¶ 

Challenging the dominant ideology of drone warfare is key to solving
Shaw 13 (Ian, Lecturer in Human Geography at the University of Glasgow, “Predator Empire: The Geopolitics of U.S. Drone Warfare” http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14650045.2012.749241 retrieved 10/21/13 R.C.)
Looking forward, the … of “death-as-success.”

Tournament: App State | Round: 3 | Opponent: Liberty CS | Judge: Erik Mathis
Non-unique: political obstacles to closing Gitmo
Fisher, 13
(Max, writer for Washington Post, "Why hasn’t Obama closed Guantanamo Bay?", April 30, www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2013/04/30/obama-just-gave-a-powerful-speech-about-the-need-to-close-gitmo-so-why-hasnt-he/ NL)
So why, if … to house them.

Even if Washington had the political will to close Gitmo, coming up with a plausible plan to close the facility is near impossible to do
Morgan 6/6
(Alex Delmar, "Obama Unsure What to Do About Guantanamo."Aljazeera. Al Jazeera Media Network, 06 Jun 2013. Web. 22 Jun 2013. http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2013/06/2013649817734435.html. SLP)
However, experts question …  returned to "terrorism".

Laundry list of alt causes swamp US human rights cred
Portero, International Business Times staff writer, 13
(Ashley, “US Guilty Of Several Human Rights Violations In 2012: Human Rights Watch,” 2-1-13, http://www.ibtimes.com/us-guilty-several-human-rights-violations-2012-human-rights-watch-1056702, accessed 8-5-13 Bosley)
The U.S. did … as human-rights failures.

Tournament: Clarion | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Liberty BM | Judge: Rob Glass, Kelly Young, Christy Webster Dunn
Turn- Unilateral executive action undermines credibility—matters more than pres power
Schwarz 7 senior counsel, and Huq, associate counsel at the Brennan Center for Justice at NYU School of Law, (Frederick A.O., Jr., partner at Cravath, Swaine and Moore, chief counsel to the Church Committee, and Aziz Z, former clerk for the U.S. Supreme Court, Unchecked and Unbalanced: Presidential Power in a Time of Terror, p. 201)

The Administration insists … world's oldest democracy.5

No impact---power is self-defeating and Yoo’s logic is specifically bad; his rationale for “executive flexibility” is predicated on the same logic that the Buchanan and Giroux evidence indicts—any weight on the case debate is a reason as to why you DROP THEM for even ADVOCATING this route in debate
Tom Engelhardt 5, created and runs the Tomdispatch.com website, a project of The Nation Institute where he is a Fellow. Each spring he is a Teaching Fellow at the Graduate School of Journalism at the University of California, Berkeley. http://www.tomdispatch.com/post/32668/

Here it is …  are not prevailing.

Tournament: Clarion | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Liberty BM | Judge: Rob Glass, Kelly Young, Christy Webster Dunn
Potential politics is infinitely regressive—their conditional logic bypasses any discussion of determinability and leads to a world of infinite threat production and consequent annihilation—turns the disad
Massumi 07 (Brian, professor of Philosophy at European Graduate School, “Potential Politics and the Primacy of Pre-Emption” Retrieved 10/15/13 R.C.)
This co-productive logic …  remains politically actuatable.

No CIR – piecemeal
HP 11-1-13
(Ibrahim Balkhy, “Gutierrez: House Will Use GOP's Piecemeal Approach To Immigration Reform,” http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/11/01/luiz-gutierrez-immigration-reform_n_4192798.html, accessed 11-2-13 Bosley)
Rep. Luis Gutierrez (D-Ill.), … meet other requirements.

No CIR – Obama poisons negotiations and Republican opposition
Business Week 10-31-13
(Lisa Lerer and Roxana Tiron, “Who's Afraid of Immigration Reform?,” http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-10-31/immigration-reform-unlikely-amid-congresss-partisan-ill-will, accessed 11-3-13 Bosley)
After the government …s can step forward.”¶

Tournament: App State | Round: 1 | Opponent: Indiana FH | Judge: Rob Burns
The negative convenes pre-emption and perception; they attempt to preempt the impact, while the speech act itself shapes our perception of the threat—this has led to a permanent state of “low-boil” war that (a) leads to infinite threat repetition and (b) destroys the possibility for agential action
Massumi 10 (Brian, professor of Philosophy at European Graduate School, “Perception Attack: Brief on War Time” http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/theory_and_event/v013/13.3.massumi.html retrieved 11/7/13 R.C.)
The network is … force of life.¶ 

We’ll impact that in 3 ways-

A. Their politics reduces life to bare activity—life primed to act, that only exists in the instances between mobilization; a body that is socially dead, resuscitated to act, then killed again
Massumi 10 (Brian, professor of Philosophy at European Graduate School, “Perception Attack: Brief on War Time” http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/theory_and_event/v013/13.3.massumi.html retrieved 11/7/13 R.C.)
The infra-interval is … of proto-epistemological warfare.24

B. Hold their evidence to a high-threshold; the negatives “scenario thinking” is epistemologically bankrupt, starting with nuclear war and constructing internal links to access it—our evidence is specific to their methodology
Mcclanahan 09 (Annie, postdoctoral fellow at the Humanities Center at Harvard University, “Futures Shock: Plausibility, Preemption, and the Fiction of 9/11” http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/symploke/v017/17.1-2.mcclanahan.html retrieved 11/8/13 R.C.)
Brit Hume’s “fictional, … doctrine of preemption.

C. The logic of the 1NC operates in a world where the future has already occurred, our only option is to act now to preempt it—this CREATES the conditions of impact by shaping perception of what is to-be-certain
Massumi 05 (Brian, professor of Philosophy at EGS and Communications at U of Montreal, “The Future Birth of the Affective Fact” written for the conference: Genealogies of Biopolitics retrieved 11/9/13 R.C.)
So what is … component of passage.

House is not discussing immigration, issue is dead for the year
AZ central, 11/13
AZ Central/Associated Press, “Boehner: No Formal Talks on Immigration Bill,” http://www.azcentral.com/news/politics/free/20131113boehner-no-formal-talks-immigration-bill.html, accessed 11/14/13 AMG
WASHINGTON — Speaker John Boehner … early next year.

Economy resilient and decline doesn’t cause war – recession proves
Barnett 09
(Thomas P.M., Senior Managing Director of Enterra Solutions LLC, “The New Rules: Security Remains Stable Amid Financial Crisis,” World Politics Review, 8/25/09, http://www.aprodex.com/the-new-rules~-~-security-remains-stable-amid-financial-crisis-398-bl.aspx)
When the global … liberal trade order.

Tournament: App State | Round: 3 | Opponent: Liberty CS | Judge: Erik Mathis
The negative convenes pre-emption and perception; they attempt to preempt the impact, while the speech act itself shapes our perception of the threat—this has led to a permanent state of “low-boil” war that (a) leads to infinite threat repetition and (b) destroys the possibility for agential action
Massumi 10 (Brian, professor of Philosophy at European Graduate School, “Perception Attack: Brief on War Time” http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/theory_and_event/v013/13.3.massumi.html retrieved 11/7/13 R.C.)
The network is … a force of life.¶ 

We’ll impact that in 3 ways-

A. Their politics reduces life to bare activity—life primed to act, that only exists in the instances between mobilization; a body that is socially dead, resuscitated to act, then killed again
Massumi 10 (Brian, professor of Philosophy at European Graduate School, “Perception Attack: Brief on War Time” http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/theory_and_event/v013/13.3.massumi.html retrieved 11/7/13 R.C.)
The infra-interval is … of proto-epistemological warfare.24

B. Hold their evidence to a high-threshold; the negatives “scenario thinking” is epistemologically bankrupt, starting with nuclear war and constructing internal links to access it—our evidence is specific to their methodology
Mcclanahan 09 (Annie, postdoctoral fellow at the Humanities Center at Harvard University, “Futures Shock: Plausibility, Preemption, and the Fiction of 9/11” http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/symploke/v017/17.1-2.mcclanahan.html retrieved 11/8/13 R.C.)
Brit Hume’s “fictional… doctrine of preemption.

C. The logic of the 1NC operates in a world where the future has already occurred, our only option is to act now to preempt it—this CREATES the conditions of impact by shaping perception of what is to-be-certain
Massumi 05 (Brian, professor of Philosophy at EGS and Communications at U of Montreal, “The Future Birth of the Affective Fact” written for the conference: Genealogies of Biopolitics retrieved 11/9/13 R.C.)
So what is … component of passage.

Obama has no PC and congress is going to pass sanctions no matter what
Washingston Post 11/14
(MAX FISHER, Washingston Post, “Obama’s approaching an Iran deal. Here’s why Congress might stop it,” 11/14/13, http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2013/11/14/obamas-approaching-an-iran-deal-heres-why-congress-might-stop-it/, 11/15/13, EGM)
Congress, being Congress, …  toe the line.

Tournament: App State | Round: 1 | Opponent: Indiana FH | Judge: Rob Burns
The affirmative is a pre-requisite to agential politics—embracing a differential attunement provides the means to disorganize within the organized and generate flips
Manning et al. ‘11 (Erin, Brian Massumi, Jonas Fritsch, and Bodil Marie Stavning Thomsen, all gifted intellectuals whose conversation was intelligent enough to be published by the University of Montreal, “Affective Attunement in a Field of Catastrophe” http://www.peripeti.dk/2012/06/06/affective-attunement-in-a-field-of-catastrophe/ Retrieved 10/24/13 R.C. )
MASSUMI: Well, I think that …, or biogrammatic, terms.

Only the aff can solve--it’s not a matter of breaking the “laws” that hold us in place, but operating in ways that can create a flip—an affective politics about opening doors and introducing a curve to the line
Massumi and Zournazi No Date (Brian and Mary, Professor of Philosophy at European Graduate School and Massui Professor at the University of Montreal, “An Interview with Brian Massumi” http://www.international-festival.org/node/111 retrieved 10/23/13 R.C.)
Brian Massumi: In physics there … and to capitalism ...

And case outweighs—the methodology of targeted killing is the extermination of dangerous potentialities leading to unquestioned methods of control—challenging this form of potential politics is an a priori issue
Shaw 13 (Ian, Lecturer in Human Geography at the University of Glasgow, “Predator Empire: The Geopolitics of U.S. Drone Warfare” http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/14650045.2012.749241 retrieved 10/21/13 R.C.)
Dillon and Reid 88 extend … in the future. 97¶ 

The affirmative is micropolitical—no links their offense—emergence is more important and we undermine sovereignty
Massumi, Boucher, and Prost 10 (Brian, professor of philosophy at EGS and Communications at the University of Montreal, being interviewed by Marie-Pier and Jean-Francois, for Adaptive Actions – Madrid “Action Fragments for the City: An Interview with Brian Massumi” retrieved 11/10/13 R.C.)
MPB: It seems to … It's an alter-storm.

Essentializing State value claims bypass actual interrogations of governmentality and cripple our ability to resist it in its worse forms
Patton ’10 (Paul, scientia professor at the UNSW school of humanities and languages , “Activism, Philosophy, and Actuality in Deleuze and Foucault” from Deleuze and Political Activism retrieved 10/28/13 R.C.)
Elements of this … of multiple governmentalities’ (77).

Tournament: Navy | Round: 1 | Opponent: WVU DR | Judge: Niccolo Paqueo
Perm—do both.  Even if they win residual links, pinning the aff to a stable identity proves they solve none of our or their impacts
Spitzer 11 (Anais, Visiting Instructor of Mythology at Prescott College. She has also held positions at Hollins University, the University of New Mexico, and the College of Santa Fe Pub. “Derrida, Myth, and the Impossibility of Philosophy” Continuum International Publishing Group 04 Aug 2011)
Any such study of …  final, dominating discourse

Breaking down ontopolitical cycles is a prior-question to moving beyond hegemonic masculinity; reclaiming the future as a zone of potential is the only way that bodies can escape constraints
Manning et al. ‘11 (Erin, Brian Massumi, Jonas Fritsch, and Bodil Marie Stavning Thomsen, all gifted intellectuals whose conversation was intelligent enough to be published by the University of Montreal, “Affective Attunement in a Field of Catastrophe” http://www.peripeti.dk/2012/06/06/affective-attunement-in-a-field-of-catastrophe/ Retrieved 10/24/13 R.C. )
MASSUMI: Well, I think that the …  diagrammatic, or biogrammatic, terms.

The alt doesn’t go far enough—escapism is an empty promise, only introducing chaos into deterministic systems provides the tools necessary to create a flip
Massumi and Zournazi No Date (Brian and Mary, Professor of Philosophy at European Graduate School and Massui Professor at the University of Montreal, “An Interview with Brian Massumi” http://www.international-festival.org/node/111 retrieved 10/23/13 R.C.)
Brian Massumi: In physics there is …. of control’ and to capitalism ...

Perm do both—the alternative alone can’t overcome status quo technologies of control—our evidence is specific to their methodology
Puar 11 (Jasbir, Professor of Gender and Women’s Studies at Rutgers University, “’I Would Rather Be a Cyborg than a Goddess’, Intersectionality, Assemblage, and Affective Politics http://eipcp.net/transversal/0811/puar/en retrieved 1/16/14 R.C.)
There’s obviously much … between discipline and control.

Reject totalizing forms of criticism—it’s practice of binding and moralizing issues freezes all questions on the topic; the key is taking steps, of walking as controlled falling
Massumi and Zournazi No Date (Brian and Mary, Professor of Philosophy at European Graduate School and Massui Professor at the University of Montreal, “An Interview with Brian Massumi” http://www.international-festival.org/node/111 retrieved 10/23/13 R.C.)
Brian Massumi: ‘Critical’ practices aimed … point: to keep on going.

Tournament: App State | Round: 3 | Opponent: Liberty CS | Judge: Erik Mathis
The affirmative is a pre-requisite to agential politics—embracing a differential attunement provides the means to disorganize within the organized and generate flips
Manning et al. ‘11 (Erin, Brian Massumi, Jonas Fritsch, and Bodil Marie Stavning Thomsen, all gifted intellectuals whose conversation was intelligent enough to be published by the University of Montreal, “Affective Attunement in a Field of Catastrophe” http://www.peripeti.dk/2012/06/06/affective-attunement-in-a-field-of-catastrophe/ Retrieved 10/24/13 R.C. )
MASSUMI: Well, I think … or biogrammatic, terms.

Only the aff can solve--it’s not a matter of breaking the “laws” that hold us in place, but operating in ways that can create a flip—an affective politics about opening doors and introducing a curve to the line
Massumi and Zournazi No Date (Brian and Mary, Professor of Philosophy at European Graduate School and Massui Professor at the University of Montreal, “An Interview with Brian Massumi” http://www.international-festival.org/node/111 retrieved 10/23/13 R.C.)
Brian Massumi: In physics there … and to capitalism ...

The affirmative is micropolitical—no links their offense—emergence is more important and we undermine sovereignty
Massumi, Boucher, and Prost 10 (Brian, professor of philosophy at EGS and Communications at the University of Montreal, being interviewed by Marie-Pier and Jean-Francois, for Adaptive Actions – Madrid “Action Fragments for the City: An Interview with Brian Massumi” retrieved 11/10/13 R.C.)
MPB: It seems to … It's an alter-storm.

Witch-hunting against specieism and locating ourselves outside of it is itself specieist and re-affirms egoistical humanism—the aff tries to posit animal otherness as a non-self—only the aff’s intimate experience and destabilization of identity solves best
Morton 10 (Timothy Morton The Ecological Thought Published by: the President and Fellows of Harvard College 2010
Pg 75-78shree)
The deep green … hangs out.

Their root cause claims misrepresents the intersectionality of oppression—even if they’re right, it causes ideological backlash that precludes solvency and cedes politics—only the perm’s successful.  
Hayward 97 – Dept of Politics, University of Edinburgh (Tim, Feb., “Anthropocentrism: A Misunderstood Problem,” Environmental Values, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 49-63, JSTOR)
Taking this line … humans more generally.

Anthro is inevitable—their use of human perception as the adjudicator of ethics makes the K a double turn
Hayward 97 – Dept of Politics, University of Edinburgh (Tim, Feb., “Anthropocentrism: A Misunderstood Problem,” Environmental Values, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 49-63, JSTOR)
But if the … no bad thing.

Tournament: Clarion | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Liberty BM | Judge: Rob Glass, Kelly Young, Christy Webster Dunn
We meet – our specified agent is the USfg, which includes all three branches
Black’s Law Dictionary 90 (6th Edition, p. 695)
In the United States… and township governments.

Tournament: Clarion | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Liberty BM | Judge: Rob Glass, Kelly Young, Christy Webster Dunn
Myopia—detaching questions of agency and ethics from the plan is impossible and atomizes individuals—that’s Massumi—kills political education
Arnault 3 (Lynne, Associate Professor of Philosophy at Le Moyne College, Hypatia 18. 2, p. 175-76 shree)
As social analysts … ultimately be counterfeit.

Tournament: Clarion | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Liberty BM | Judge: Rob Glass, Kelly Young, Christy Webster Dunn
We will indict their delineation between targeted killing and signature strikes—the distinction ONLY serves to protect drone strikes from political recourse; you look at WHY the distinction is being made before you evaluate WHAT the distinction is; for all intents and purposes signature strikes are targeted killing and their interpretation only serves to shield it from criticism—any risk of aff offense is a reason as to why their interpretation is a unique voting issue
Zenko 12 (Micah Zenko covers the U.S. national security debate and offers insight on developments in international security and conflict prevention at the Council of Foreign Relations. “Targeted Killings and Signature Strikes.” Date made July 16, 2012. Date retrieved November 3, 2013. http://blogs.cfr.org/zenko/2012/07/16/targeted-killings-and-signature-strikes/)
One of the … into the car?”)

Counter Interp- Targeted killing means killing without judicial review- includes signature strikes
Wallace ’12 (Bruce, founder of 121Contact.org, a website aimed at preventing and coping with political violence, member of the Steering Committee of September Eleventh Families for Peaceful Tomorrows, “Obama’s Targeted Killing Strategy and Drone Strike Tactics,” Sept. 30, http://121contact.typepad.com/my_weblog/2012/09/sept-30-2012-obamas-targeted-killing-strategy-and-drone-strike-tactics.html)
Targeted Killing, a… the strikes engender.¶

Tournament: Clarion | Round: 3 | Opponent: Mary Washington SY | Judge: Joe Patrice
Advantage One: Terrorism 

CIA supervision of drone strikes make it at an all-time high
The Canberra Times 6/19
(The Canberra Times, “New way to fight terrorism,” 6/19/13, EGM, 8/5/13)
New way to …  in the UK.

We have three internal links--
A) Drones create blowback terrorism which is worse than any other form
Gerges 6/21
(Fawaz Gerges, special for CNN, professor of international relations at the London School of Economics where he directs the Middle East Centre, “Why drone strikes are real enemy in 'war on terror,” 6/21/13 http://www.cnn.com/2013/06/21/opinion/terrorism-gerges/index.html, 6/23/13. EGM)
London (CNN) -- In his highly … a violent path. 

B) Lack of confidence in the Pakistani government
Awan, 6/2
(Imran Awan, The Guardian UK, “US drone attacks are further radicalising Pakistan,” http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2013/jun/02/us-drone-strikes-pakistan-terrorists, 6/24/13, EGM)
The US airstrike … of their leaders. 

C)Transparency
CNN, 12
(Wire Staff, Cable News Network. “Drone strikes kill, maim and traumatize too many civilians, U.S. study says.” Date made September 25, 2012. Date retrieved August 14, 2013.  http://www.cnn.com/2012/09/25/world/asia/pakistan-us-drone-strikes)
The report … and media reporting."

Terrorism guarantees extinction
Speice, 06
(Speice, JD Candidate @ College of William and Mary Patrick F. Speice, Jr., “Negligence And Nuclear Nonproliferation: Eliminating The Current Liability Barrier To Bilateral U.S.-Russian Nonproliferation Assistance Programs,” William and Mary Law Review, February 2006, 47 Wm and Mary L. Rev. 1427)
Accordingly, there is … of nuclear weapons

Even if the attack fails, it’d guarantee WW3 – societies would destroy civil liberties in the name of security
Sid-Ahmed, 04
(Mohamed, Middle East Research and Information Project, "Extinction!", Aug 26, weekly.ahram.org.eg/2004/705/op5.htm NL)
A nuclear attack … all be losers.

It’s comparatively the biggest threat
Royal, 11
(John Paul, Institute of World Politics, “War Powers and the Age of Terrorism”, http://www.thepresidency.org/storage/Fellows2011/Royal-_Final_Paper.pdf NL)
Proliferation of weapons of …  limit these powers.

Advantage Two: Modeling 

US is seeking to lead drone expansion – US guidelines must be finalized first
Reuters, 3/13
(Tabassum Zakaria, Reuters, “As drone monopoly frays, Obama seeks global rules,” 3/17/13, http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/03/17/us-usa-security-drones-idUSBRE92G02720130317, 6/3/13, EGM)
(Reuters) - President Barack Obama… strikes against al Qaeda. 

But there’s no legal framework now
CFR, 13
(Micah Zenko, Council on Foreign Relations, Center for Preventive Care, “Reforming U.S. Drone Strike Policies,” January 2013, Council Special Report No. 65, 6/15/13, EGM)
Over the past …  requisite normative framework.

It creates a precedent of uncontrolled drone warfare – escalates to conflicts
Knoll, 12
(David L. Knoll, The Diplomat, “Will America’s Addiction to Drone Strikes Backfire?,” 10/23/12, http://thediplomat.com/flashpoints-blog/2012/10/23/ok-drone-the-global-proliferation-of-uavs/, 8/18/13, EGM)
The swift pace … and global security.
The plan creates that necessary framework
Bloomberg, 2/5
(Bloomberg, “Building a Better Drone War”2/5/13
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-02-06/drone-war-needs-clear-rules-instead-of-more-leaks.html, 8/15/13, EGM)
In fact, the … high moral ground.

The US is the only country that can set a precedent  
CFR 13
(Micah Zenko, Council on Foreign Relations, Center for Preventive Care, “Reforming U.S. Drone Strike Policies,” January 2013, Council Special Report No. 65, 6/15/13, EGM)

The current … use of drones.

Our scenerio is Prolif
There are numerous ways nuclear miscalc will ensue
Boyle, 13
(Michael, PhD from Cambridge and assistant professor of political science at La Salle University, "The costs and consequences of drone warfare", 2013, www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/public/International20Affairs/2013/89_1/89_1Boyle.pdf NL)
An important, but … to challenge them.

No legal framework causes rapid drone prolif which escalates to nuclear war
CFR, 13
(Micah Zenko, Council on Foreign Relations, Center for Preventive Care, “Reforming U.S. Drone Strike Policies,” January 2013, Council Special Report No. 65, 6/15/13, EGM)
Existing practices carry … responsible drone use.

Drones create adventurism – triggers war
Singer, 09
(Peter Warren Singer is an American Political Scientist and international relations scholar, he is currently a senior fellow at the Brookings institution, where he is the director of the 21st century Defense Initiative; “Robots at War: The New Battlefield’; Winter 2009; http://www.wilsonquarterly.com/article.cfm?aid=1313; 6/29/2010 THIS EVIDENCE IS GENDER MODIFIED)
Such changed connections … into more wars. 

Plan
The United States federal government should change authority of targeted killing with drone strikes from Title 50 of the United States Code to Title 10 of the United States Code. 

Solvency

Shifting to Title 10 clarifies legal perceptions and legitimizes US drone policy
Waxman 13  
(Matthew Waxman, law professor at Columbia Law School, co-chair, Roger Hertog Program on Law and National Security, Adjunct Senior Fellow for Law and Foreign Policy at the Council on Foreign Relations, member of the Hoover Institution Task Force on National Security and Law, “Going Clear,” 3/20/13, Foreign Policy, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/03/20/going_clear?wp_login_redirect=0, 10/9/13, EGM)

So, moving operations … policy of targeted killing.

Law is key to modeling
Maxwell 2012
(Mark David Maxwell, Colonel, Judge Advocate with the U.S. Army, TARGETED KILLING, THE LAW, AND TERRORISTS, Joint Force Quarterly, Winter 2012, http://www.ndu.edu/press/targeted-killing.html, 10/10/13, EGM)

The weakness of … the rule of law.  
The plan adds an extra layer of accountability
Klaidman, 3/19
(Daniel Klaidman, national political correspondent for Newsweek and The Daily Beast, “Exclusive: No More Drones for CIA,” 3/19/13, http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/03/19/exclusive-no-more-drones-for-cia.html, 8/15/13, EGM)
How does the … procedures will prevail.

Title 10 creates new limitations which make drones more legitimate
Kaplan, 3/21
(Fred Kaplan, The Slate, “The Drones Are in the Details,” 3/21/13,
http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/war_stories/2013/03/john_brennan_wants_the_pentagon_to_take_command_of_the_cia_s_drone_strike.html, 8/15/13, EGM)
To put it … terrorist networks worldwide.¶ 

Getting the CIA out is a pre-req to any effective drone policy
Weber, 2/6
(Peter Weber, The Week, “Will Congress curb Obama's drone strikes?” 2/6/13
http://theweek.com/article/index/239716/will-congress-curb-obamas-drone-strikes, 8/18/13, EGM)
Since at least … supposedly covert operations. Bloomberg

Switching from the CIA to Pentagon control solves
Reuters 3/13
(Tabassum Zakaria, Reuters, “As drone monopoly frays, Obama seeks global rules,” 3/17/13, http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/03/17/us-usa-security-drones-idUSBRE92G02720130317, 6/3/13, EGM)
INTERNAL DEBATES One focus of … the second official said.

Tournament: JMU | Round: 3 | Opponent: App State BW | Judge: Nate Milton
Advantage One: Terrorism 

CIA supervision of drone strikes make it at an all-time high
The Canberra Times 6/19
(The Canberra Times, “New way to fight terrorism,” 6/19/13, EGM, 8/5/13)
New way to … working in the UK.

We have three internal links--
A) Drones create blowback terrorism which is worse than any other form
Gerges 6/21
(Fawaz Gerges, special for CNN, professor of international relations at the London School of Economics where he directs the Middle East Centre, “Why drone strikes are real enemy in and#39;war on terror,” 6/21/13 http://www.cnn.com/2013/06/21/opinion/terrorism-gerges/index.html, 6/23/13. EGM)

London (CNN) -- In his … a violent path. 

B) Lack of confidence in the Pakistani government
Awan, 6/2
(Imran Awan, The Guardian UK, “US drone attacks are further radicalising Pakistan,” http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2013/jun/02/us-drone-strikes-pakistan-terrorists, 6/24/13, EGM)
The US airstrike … of their leaders. 

C) Transparency
CNN, 12
(Wire Staff, Cable News Network. “Drone strikes kill, maim and traumatize too many civilians, U.S. study says.” Date made September 25, 2012. Date retrieved August 14, 2013.  http://www.cnn.com/2012/09/25/world/asia/pakistan-us-drone-strikes)
The report concedes … and media reporting.and#34;

Terrorism guarantees extinction
Speice, 06
(Speice, JD Candidate @ College of William and Mary Patrick F. Speice, Jr., “Negligence And Nuclear Nonproliferation: Eliminating The Current Liability Barrier To Bilateral U.S.-Russian Nonproliferation Assistance Programs,” William and Mary Law Review, February 2006, 47 Wm and Mary L. Rev. 1427)
Accordingly, there is … of nuclear weapons

Even if the attack fails, it’d guarantee WW3 – societies would destroy civil liberties in the name of security
Sid-Ahmed, 04
(Mohamed, Middle East Research and Information Project, and#34;Extinction!and#34;, Aug 26, weekly.ahram.org.eg/2004/705/op5.htm NL)
A nuclear attack … all be losers.

It’s comparatively the biggest threat
Royal, 11
(John Paul, Institute of World Politics, “War Powers and the Age of Terrorism”, http://www.thepresidency.org/storage/Fellows2011/Royal-_Final_Paper.pdf NL)
Proliferation of weapons … and limit these powers.

Advantage Two: Modeling 

US is seeking to lead drone expansion – US guidelines must be finalized first
Reuters, 3/13
(Tabassum Zakaria, Reuters, “As drone monopoly frays, Obama seeks global rules,” 3/17/13, http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/03/17/us-usa-security-drones-idUSBRE92G02720130317, 6/3/13, EGM)
(Reuters) - President Barack Obama,  …strikes against al Qaeda. 

But there’s no legal framework now
CFR, 13
(Micah Zenko, Council on Foreign Relations, Center for Preventive Care, “Reforming U.S. Drone Strike Policies,” January 2013, Council Special Report No. 65, 6/15/13, EGM)
Over the past decade,  …. requisite normative framework.

It creates a precedent of uncontrolled drone warfare – escalates to conflicts
Knoll, 12
(David L. Knoll, The Diplomat, “Will America’s Addiction to Drone Strikes Backfire?,” 10/23/12, http://thediplomat.com/flashpoints-blog/2012/10/23/ok-drone-the-global-proliferation-of-uavs/, 8/18/13, EGM)
The swift pace … U.S. and global security.

The plan creates that necessary framework
Bloomberg, 2/5
(Bloomberg, “Building a Better Drone War”2/5/13
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-02-06/drone-war-needs-clear-rules-instead-of-more-leaks.html, 8/15/13, EGM)
In fact, the Pentagon’s … the high moral ground.

The US is the only country that can set a precedent  
CFR 13
(Micah Zenko, Council on Foreign Relations, Center for Preventive Care, “Reforming U.S. Drone Strike Policies,” January 2013, Council Special Report No. 65, 6/15/13, EGM)
The current trajectory … use of drones.

Our scenerio is Prolif
There are numerous ways nuclear miscalc will ensue
Boyle, 13
(Michael, PhD from Cambridge and assistant professor of political science at La Salle University, and#34;The costs and consequences of drone warfareand#34;, 2013, www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/public/International20Affairs/2013/89_1/89_1Boyle.pdf NL)
An important, but … to challenge them.

No legal framework causes rapid drone prolif which escalates to nuclear war
CFR, 13
(Micah Zenko, Council on Foreign Relations, Center for Preventive Care, “Reforming U.S. Drone Strike Policies,” January 2013, Council Special Report No. 65, 6/15/13, EGM)
Existing practices carry ….responsible drone use.

Drones create adventurism – triggers war
Singer, 09
(Peter Warren Singer is an American Political Scientist and international relations scholar, he is currently a senior fellow at the Brookings institution, where he is the director of the 21st century Defense Initiative; “Robots at War: The New Battlefield’; Winter 2009; http://www.wilsonquarterly.com/article.cfm?aid=1313; 6/29/2010 THIS EVIDENCE IS GENDER MODIFIED)
Such changed connections … into more wars. 

Plan: The United States federal government should change authority of targeted killing with drone strikes from Title 50 of the United States Code to Title 10 of the United States Code. 

Solvency

Shifting to Title 10 clarifies legal perceptions and legitimizes US drone policy
Waxman 13  
(Matthew Waxman, law professor at Columbia Law School, co-chair, Roger Hertog Program on Law and National Security, Adjunct Senior Fellow for Law and Foreign Policy at the Council on Foreign Relations, member of the Hoover Institution Task Force on National Security and Law, “Going Clear,” 3/20/13, Foreign Policy, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/03/20/going_clear?wp_login_redirect=0, 10/9/13, EGM)
So, moving operations … policy of targeted killing.

Law is key to modeling
Maxwell 2012
(Mark David Maxwell, Colonel, Judge Advocate with the U.S. Army, TARGETED KILLING, THE LAW, AND TERRORISTS, Joint Force Quarterly, Winter 2012, http://www.ndu.edu/press/targeted-killing.html, 10/10/13, EGM)
The weakness of … the rule of law.  

The plan adds an extra layer of accountability
Klaidman, 3/19
(Daniel Klaidman, national political correspondent for Newsweek and The Daily Beast, “Exclusive: No More Drones for CIA,” 3/19/13, http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/03/19/exclusive-no-more-drones-for-cia.html, 8/15/13, EGM)
How does … procedures will prevail.

Title 10 creates new limitations which make drones more legitimate
Kaplan, 3/21
(Fred Kaplan, The Slate, “The Drones Are in the Details,” 3/21/13,
http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/war_stories/2013/03/john_brennan_wants_the_pentagon_to_take_command_of_the_cia_s_drone_strike.html, 8/15/13, EGM)
To put it … terrorist networks worldwide.¶ 

Getting the CIA out is a pre-req to any effective drone policy
Weber, 2/6
(Peter Weber, The Week, “Will Congress curb Obama's drone strikes?” 2/6/13
http://theweek.com/article/index/239716/will-congress-curb-obamas-drone-strikes, 8/18/13, EGM)
Since at least … supposedly covert operations. Bloomberg

Switching from the CIA to Pentagon control solves
Reuters 3/13
(Tabassum Zakaria, Reuters, “As drone monopoly frays, Obama seeks global rules,” 3/17/13, http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/03/17/us-usa-security-drones-idUSBRE92G02720130317, 6/3/13, EGM)
INTERNAL DEBATES One … second official said.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 2 | Opponent: Dartmouth KS | Judge: Jeff Roberts
Advantage One: Terrorism 

CIA supervision of drone strikes make it at an all-time high
The Canberra Times 6/19
(The Canberra Times, “New way to fight terrorism,” 6/19/13, EGM, 8/5/13)
New way to … working in the UK.

We have three internal links--
A) Drones create blowback terrorism which is worse than any other form
Gerges 6/21
(Fawaz Gerges, special for CNN, professor of international relations at the London School of Economics where he directs the Middle East Centre, “Why drone strikes are real enemy in and#39;war on terror,” 6/21/13 http://www.cnn.com/2013/06/21/opinion/terrorism-gerges/index.html, 6/23/13. EGM)

London (CNN) -- In his … a violent path. 

B) Lack of confidence in the Pakistani government
Awan, 6/2
(Imran Awan, The Guardian UK, “US drone attacks are further radicalising Pakistan,” http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2013/jun/02/us-drone-strikes-pakistan-terrorists, 6/24/13, EGM)
The US airstrike … of their leaders. 

C) Transparency
CNN, 12
(Wire Staff, Cable News Network. “Drone strikes kill, maim and traumatize too many civilians, U.S. study says.” Date made September 25, 2012. Date retrieved August 14, 2013.  http://www.cnn.com/2012/09/25/world/asia/pakistan-us-drone-strikes) 

The report concedes … and media reporting.and#34;

Even if the attack fails, it’d guarantee WW3 – societies would destroy civil liberties in the name of security
Sid-Ahmed, 04
(Mohamed, Middle East Research and Information Project, and#34;Extinction!and#34;, Aug 26, weekly.ahram.org.eg/2004/705/op5.htm NL)

A nuclear attack … all be losers.

It’s comparatively the biggest threat
Royal, 11
(John Paul, Institute of World Politics, “War Powers and the Age of Terrorism”, http://www.thepresidency.org/storage/Fellows2011/Royal-_Final_Paper.pdf NL)

Proliferation of weapons … and limit these powers.

Advantage Two: Modeling 

US is seeking to lead drone expansion – US guidelines must be finalized first
Reuters, 3/13
(Tabassum Zakaria, Reuters, “As drone monopoly frays, Obama seeks global rules,” 3/17/13, http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/03/17/us-usa-security-drones-idUSBRE92G02720130317, 6/3/13, EGM)

(Reuters) - President Barack Obama,  …strikes against al Qaeda. 

But there’s no legal framework now
CFR, 13
(Micah Zenko, Council on Foreign Relations, Center for Preventive Care, “Reforming U.S. Drone Strike Policies,” January 2013, Council Special Report No. 65, 6/15/13, EGM)

Over the past decade,  …. requisite normative framework.

It creates a precedent of uncontrolled drone warfare – escalates to conflicts
Knoll, 12
(David L. Knoll, The Diplomat, “Will America’s Addiction to Drone Strikes Backfire?,” 10/23/12, http://thediplomat.com/flashpoints-blog/2012/10/23/ok-drone-the-global-proliferation-of-uavs/, 8/18/13, EGM)

The swift pace … U.S. and global security.
The plan creates that necessary framework
Bloomberg, 2/5
(Bloomberg, “Building a Better Drone War”2/5/13
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-02-06/drone-war-needs-clear-rules-instead-of-more-leaks.html, 8/15/13, EGM)

In fact, the Pentagon’s … the high moral ground.

The US is the only country that can set a precedent  
CFR 13
(Micah Zenko, Council on Foreign Relations, Center for Preventive Care, “Reforming U.S. Drone Strike Policies,” January 2013, Council Special Report No. 65, 6/15/13, EGM)

The current trajectory … use of drones.

Our scenerio is Prolif
There are numerous ways nuclear miscalc will ensue
Boyle, 13
(Michael, PhD from Cambridge and assistant professor of political science at La Salle University, and#34;The costs and consequences of drone warfareand#34;, 2013, www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/public/International20Affairs/2013/89_1/89_1Boyle.pdf NL)
An important, but … to challenge them.

No legal framework causes rapid drone prolif which escalates to nuclear war
CFR, 13
(Micah Zenko, Council on Foreign Relations, Center for Preventive Care, “Reforming U.S. Drone Strike Policies,” January 2013, Council Special Report No. 65, 6/15/13, EGM)

Existing practices carry ….responsible drone use.

Drones create adventurism – triggers war
Singer, 09
(Peter Warren Singer is an American Political Scientist and international relations scholar, he is currently a senior fellow at the Brookings institution, where he is the director of the 21st century Defense Initiative; “Robots at War: The New Battlefield’; Winter 2009; http://www.wilsonquarterly.com/article.cfm?aid=1313; 6/29/2010 THIS EVIDENCE IS GENDER MODIFIED)

Such changed connections … into more wars. 

Plan
The United States federal government should switch supervision of the drone program to Title 10 of the United States Code. 

Solvency

Plan makes strikes more accountable and prevents abuses
Zenko, 13
(Micah Zenko is the Douglas Dillon Fellow in the Center for Preventive Action (CPA) at the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR). He currently serves as vice chair of the World Economic Forum Global Agenda Council on Terrorism. Previously, he worked for five years at Harvard Universityand#39;s Kennedy School of Government, and in Washington, DC, at the Brookings Institution, Congressional Research Service, and State Departmentand#39;s Office of Policy Planning. “Transferring CIA Drone Strikes to the Pentagon.” Date made April 16, 2013. Date retrieved August 14, 2013. http://www.cfr.org/drones/transferring-cia-drone-strikes-pentagon/p30434) 

U.S. targeted killings … CIA drone strikes.

Shift to DOD solves
CFR, 13
(Michael Zenko, Council on Foreign Relations Press, “Transferring CIA Drone Strikes to the Pentagon,” Policy Innovation Memorandum No. 31, April 2013, http://www.cfr.org/drones/transferring-cia-drone-strikes-pentagon/p30434, 7/20/13, EGM)

The president should … others use drones

The plan adds an extra layer of accountability
Klaidman, 3/19
(Daniel Klaidman, national political correspondent for Newsweek and The Daily Beast, “Exclusive: No More Drones for CIA,” 3/19/13, http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/03/19/exclusive-no-more-drones-for-cia.html, 8/15/13, EGM)

How does the … procedures will prevail.

Title 10 creates new limitations which make drones more legitimate
Kaplan, 3/21
(Fred Kaplan, The Slate, “The Drones Are in the Details,” 3/21/13,
http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/war_stories/2013/03/john_brennan_wants_the_pentagon_to_take_command_of_the_cia_s_drone_strike.html, 8/15/13, EGM)

To put it … terrorist networks worldwide.

Getting the CIA out is a pre-req to any effective drone policy
Weber, 2/6
(Peter Weber, The Week, “Will Congress curb Obamaand#39;s drone strikes?” 2/6/13
http://theweek.com/article/index/239716/will-congress-curb-obamas-drone-strikes, 8/18/13, EGM)

Since at least … supposedly covert operations. Bloomberg

Switching from the CIA to Pentagon control solves
Reuters 3/13
(Tabassum Zakaria, Reuters, “As drone monopoly frays, Obama seeks global rules,” 3/17/13, http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/03/17/us-usa-security-drones-idUSBRE92G02720130317, 6/3/13, EGM)

INTERNAL DEBATES One … the second official said.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 2 | Opponent: Dartmouth KS | Judge: Jeff Roberts
CP Doesnand#39;t solve modeling – Congressional legislation creates increased stability in international relations because it prevents the President from unilaterally withdrawing from international agreements and policies.
Hathaway 2008 (Oona A. Professor of Law U.C. Berkeley November. The Case for Replacing Article II Treaties with Ex Post Congressional- Executive Agreements. American Constitution Society for Law and Policy. http://www.acslaw.org/files/Hathaway20Issue20Brief.pdf) SC

The interbranch cooperation … repealed or superseded. 

CP will get rolled back by future presidents – no way to preserve drone for modeling
Friedersdorf 13
(CONOR FRIEDERSDORF, staff writer, “Does Obama Really Believe He Can Limit the Next Presidentand#39;s Power?” MAY 28 2013, http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2013/05/does-obama-really-believe-he-can-limit-the-next-presidents-power/276279/, KB)
Obama doesnand#39;t seem …  per his precedent.

CP doesnand#39;t solve terrorism - Congressional power is critical to a successful War on Terror.
Dean 2 John, White House Counsel to Nixon and FindLaw Writ Columnist, “Tom Ridgeand#39;s Non- Testimonial Appearance Before Congress: Another Nixon-style Move By The Bush Administration, Find Law, April 12 http://writ.news.findlaw.com/dean/20020412.html
Congressional oversight and … policing the White House

Tournament: JMU | Round: 3 | Opponent: App State BW | Judge: Nate Milton
Statutory restrictions are the only way to keep the CIA out of control
Harris 05
(Grant Harris, JD candidate at time of publication, expected same year, post-graduation: Special Assistant to the President and Senior Director for African Affairs, former Deputy Chief of Staff and Counselor to Susan E. Rice, the U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations and a member of President Obama’s Cabinet, “The CIA Mandate and the War on Terror,” Yale Law and Policy Review Vol. 23:529, 2005, EGM)
The thousands of … recruiters, or contractors." 67

CP will get rolled back by future presidents – no way to preserve drone for modeling
Friedersdorf 13
(CONOR FRIEDERSDORF, staff writer, “Does Obama Really Believe He Can Limit the Next President's Power?” MAY 28 2013, http://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2013/05/does-obama-really-believe-he-can-limit-the-next-presidents-power/276279/, KB)
Obama doesn't seem … per his precedent.

Terrorism - Congressional power is critical to a successful War on Terror.
Dean 2 John, White House Counsel to Nixon and FindLaw Writ Columnist, “Tom Ridge's Non- Testimonial Appearance Before Congress: Another Nixon-style Move By The Bush Administration, Find Law, April 12 http://writ.news.findlaw.com/dean/20020412.html
Congressional oversight and …policing the White House

Counterplan links to more politics—

A) Opposition to executive orders
Hallowell ’13
(Billy Hallowell, writer for The Blaze, B.A. in journalism and broadcasting from the College of Mount Saint Vincent in Riverdale, New York and an M.S. in social research from Hunter College in Manhattan, “HERE’S HOW OBAMA IS USING EXECUTIVE POWER TO BYPASS LEGISLATIVE PROCESS” 2/11/2013, http://www.theblaze.com/stories/2013/02/11/heres-how-obamas-using-executive-power-to-bylass-legislative-process-plus-a-brief-history-of-executive-orders/, 10/10/13,EGM)
“In an era … incumbent president’s opponents.”

B) The plan is perceived
Risen, 04
Clay, Managing editor of Democracy: A Journal of Ideas, M.A. from the University of Chicago “The Power of the Pen: The Not-So-Secret Weapon of Congress-wary Presidents” The American Prospect, July 16, http://www.prospect.org/cs/articles?article=the_power_of_the_pen
The most effective …an anti-environmental president.

Tournament: Clarion | Round: 3 | Opponent: Mary Washington SY | Judge: Joe Patrice
Won’t pass – Hastert rule and GOP internal politics
Pimental 10-31-13
(Ricardo, mySA, “On immigration reform, forget the Hastert rule,” http://www.mysanantonio.com/opinion/opinion_columnists/o_ricardo_pimentel/article/On-immigration-reform-forget-the-Hastert-rule-4944130.php, accessed 11-2-13 Bosley)
But, as is … to remain speaker.

NSA bill thumps CIR
Dinan 2013 (Stephen Dinan is a writer from the Washington Times. “Patriot Act author introduces bill to halt NSA snooping.” Date made October 29, 2013. Date retrieved October 30, 2013. http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/oct/29/patriot-act-author-introduces-bill-halt-nsa-snoopi/)
The Republican author … need real reform,” Mr. Leahy said.
CIR won’t pass – multiple reasons
Business  Week 10/31
(Lisa Lerer and Roxana Tiron, Business Week, Who's Afraid of Immigration Reform?, 10/31/13, http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-10-31/immigration-reform-unlikely-amid-congresss-partisan-ill-will, 11/1/13, EGM)

After the government …  get good policies.”
Increasing transparency is popular
TU, 13
(The Times-Union, news organization, "Checks and balances are needed with drone strikes", March 12, jaxairnews.jacksonville.com/opinion/premium-opinion/2013-03-12/story/checks-and-balances-are-needed-drone-strikes NL)
¶ Congress should establish … of this country.”¶ 

Drone fights now and congressional scrutiny is popular
Sink and Herb ’13
(Jeremy Herb and Justin Sink, The Hill, “Obama faces turning point on administration drone policy”, 3/8/13, http://thehill.com/blogs/defcon-hill/policy-and-strategy/286945-obama-faces-turning-point-on-drones, 10/6/13, EGM)

A 13-hour filibuster … heard last night.”
Alt cause to food prices – warming
Oxfam International September 2012
(Oxfam is an international confederation of 17 organizations networked together in more than 90 countries, as part of a global movement for change, to build a future free from the injustice of poverty, “Food price spikes will get worse as extreme weather caused by climate change devastates food production,” 9-5-12, http://www.oxfam.org/en/pressroom/pressrelease/2012-09-05/food-price-spikes-will-get-worse-extreme-weather-climate-change, accessed 9-20-12 Bosley)
New research shows … be hit hardest.

No food wars
Chang, Lawyer and Asian Commentator for Forbes, 11
(Gordon G., “Global Food Wars,” Forbes, 2-21-11, http://blogs.forbes.com/gordonchang/2011/02/21/global-food-wars/, accessed 6-15-12 Bosley)
In any event… of free markets. 

Economy resilient and decline doesn’t cause war – recession proves
Barnett 09
(Thomas P.M., Senior Managing Director of Enterra Solutions LLC, “The New Rules: Security Remains Stable Amid Financial Crisis,” World Politics Review, 8/25/09, http://www.aprodex.com/the-new-rules~-~-security-remains-stable-amid-financial-crisis-398-bl.aspx)
When the global … liberal trade order.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 2 | Opponent: Dartmouth KS | Judge: Jeff Roberts
No compromise, no debt ceiling bill in sight
McDevitt, 10/4
Rachel, WDTV news, “No Sign of a Deal as Debt Ceiling Draws Nearer,” 10/4/13, accessed 10/4/13 AMG
There was no .. fund everything at once.

Conversations on drone transparency draw bipartisan support
Huffington Post 12/13
(Joshua Hersh, Huffington Post, “Drone Strikes Draw Congressand#39; Ire Over Lack Of White House Transparency,” 12/13/2012, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/12/13/drone-strikes-congress-transparency_n_2294339.html, 8/28/13, EGM)
WASHINGTON -- A rare congressional … targeted killing program.

the plan is a win that spills over to future victories
Hirsh 2/7 – chief correspondent of National Journal (Michael, “There’s No Such Thing as Political Capital”, http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207, CMR)
On Tuesday, in … the presidency for?”¶

Tournament: JMU | Round: 3 | Opponent: App State BW | Judge: Nate Milton
Pressure won’t solve—GOP resilient
The New Yorker 10/10
(John Cassidy, The New Yorker, “The G.O.P. Debt-Ceiling Offer Is A Travesty,” 10/10/13, http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/johncassidy/2013/10/the-gop-debt-ceiling-offer-is-a-travesty.html, EGM)
In short, …  and then some.

Reid won’t negotiate
Roll Call 10/10
(Steven Dennis, Roll Call writer, “Harry Reid Won’t Negotiate Until GOP Opens Government,” 10/10
, http://blogs.rollcall.com/wgdb/harry-reid-wont-negotiate-until-gop-opens-government/, EGM)
Updated 4:25 p.m. |
A House GOP … around 4:20 p.m.

GOP willing to keep shutdown to debate healthcare – means no deal
The Slate 10/10
(Josh Voorhees and Elliot Hannon, The Slate, “Shutdown Live-Blog: Obama Rejects GOP Debt Limit Offer,” 10/10/13, http://www.slate.com/blogs/the_slatest/2013/10/10/shutdown_live_blog_day_10.html, 10/11/13, EGM)

The partisan logjam …  the health law.

Default to recency—obviously their evidence is outdated
Economy resilient and decline doesn’t cause war – recession proves
Barnett 09
(Thomas P.M., Senior Managing Director of Enterra Solutions LLC, “The New Rules: Security Remains Stable Amid Financial Crisis,” World Politics Review, 8/25/09, http://www.aprodex.com/the-new-rules~-~-security-remains-stable-amid-financial-crisis-398-bl.aspx)

When the global … liberal trade order.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 2 | Opponent: Dartmouth KS | Judge: Jeff Roberts
Plan solves—cred matters more than flexibility
Schwarz 7 senior counsel, and Huq, associate counsel at the Brennan Center for Justice at NYU School of Law, (Frederick A.O., Jr., partner at Cravath, Swaine and Moore, chief counsel to the Church Committee, and Aziz Z, former clerk for the U.S. Supreme Court, Unchecked and Unbalanced: Presidential Power in a Time of Terror, p. 201)
The Administration … worldand#39;s oldest democracy.5

Restrictions inevitable-~--the aff prevents haphazard ones which are worse
Benjamin Wittes 9, senior fellow and research director in public law at the Brookings Institution, is the author of Law and the Long War: The Future of Justice in the Age of Terror and is also a member of the Hoover Institutionand#39;s Task Force on National Security and Law, “Legislating the War on Terror: An Agenda for Reform”, November 3, Book, p. 17
A new administration … next several years.

Other actors thump the DA
Rozell 12
(Mark Rozell, Professor of Public Policy, George Mason University, “From Idealism to Power: The Presidency in the Age of Obama” 2012, http://www.libertylawsite.org/book-review/from-idealism-to-power-the-presidency-in-the-age-of-obama/, KB)
A substantial portion … president with legalisms.

No impact-~--power is self-defeating
Tom Engelhardt 5, created and runs the Tomdispatch.com website, a project of The Nation Institute where he is a Fellow. Each spring he is a Teaching Fellow at the Graduate School of Journalism at the University of California, Berkeley. http://www.tomdispatch.com/post/32668/
Here it is … are not prevailing.

Prez powers aren’t zero sum—no trade off
Read, 12
James, College of Saint Benedict/Saint Johnand#39;s University, jread@csbsju.edu, Is Power Zero-Sum or Variable-Sum? Old Arguments and New Beginnings, Political Science Faculty Publications.Paper 4, http://digitalcommons.csbsju.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1004andcontext=polsci_pubs 3-1
The specific question … the zero-sum view (see Read 2009a; 2010).

Tournament: JMU | Round: 3 | Opponent: App State BW | Judge: Nate Milton
(A)  The role of the ballot is to maximize the lives saved—util gives equality to all beings which preserves dignity and short circuits “value to life” claims.
Cummisky 96 (David, professor of philosophy at Bates College, Kantian Consequentialism, pg. 131)
Finally, even if … saved, the better.*

(B)  Try-or-Die—Extinction precedes all impacts—it ontologically destroys the conditions for possibility and precludes any alternative way of knowing.  We’ll win a short-term scenario—modeling—proposing a quick policy solution to solve it is the first priority over their long term K impact because you only die once.
Paterson 3 Department of Philosophy, Providence College, Rhode Island Craig, “A Life Not Worth Living?”, Studies in Christian Ethics, http://sce.sagepub.com shree
Contrary to those … all human  possibility.82 

(2)  Violence is proximately caused so prefer specific scenarios.  Treat their slippery slope impacts with skepticism—a “one size fits all” theory is poor scholarship.
Sharpe and Goucher 10 (Matthew, lecturer, philosophy and psychoanalytic studies; and Geoff, senior lecturer, literary and psychoanalytic studies – Deakin University, Žižek and Politics: An Introduction, p. 231-233)
We realise that … reject Theory’s legitimacy.

(3) Perm do the plan and all non-competitive parts of the alternative.  We should study specific solutions to specific problems—the critique of security consigns us to academic irrelevance.
Walt 91 (Stephen, Professor at the University of Chicago, International Studies Quarterly 35)
Yet the opposite … different methodological approaches (Downs, 1989).

Rejecting the aff reinforces static IR boundaries and prevents academic possibilities for feminist advancement. Vote aff to embrace an ethic of ‘both’ and strategically combine the aff’s policy goals with the feminist understanding of security.
Shepherd 7 Laura J., Department of Political Science and International Studies, University of Birmingham, “Victims, Perpetrators and Actors’ Revisited:1 Exploring the Potential for a Feminist Reconceptualisation of (International) Security and (Gender) Violence,” BJPIR: 2007 VOL 9, 239–256
This adherence is … to be changed’ (Milliken 1999, 244).

The criticism’s focus on gender identity creates a cult of exclusion that re-entrenches its impact
Jarvis 2K DSL, ‘International Relations and the Challenge of Postmodernism’, February, University of South Carolina Publishing, pg. 160-162
Critical research agendas … accused of being.

Alt can’t solve—if their perm answers are correct, any incorporation of gender in international relations becomes coopted or can’t solve because patriarchy is overwhelmingly strong
Saloom 6 JD Univ of Georgia School of Law and M.A. in Middle Eastern Studies from U of Chicago, Fall 2006
Rachel, A Feminist Inquiry into International Law and International Relations, 12 Roger Williams U. L. Rev. 159, l/n
There is not … masculinist androcentric paradigm.

The state will crush your revolution
Emery 7, Phd, (Kathy, “ The Limits of Violent Resistance,”  For the Western Edition, August 27, 2007 http://www.educationanddemocracy.org/Emery/westernedition/Sept07WestEd.pdf)
The August 15 editorial … if you will.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 6 | Opponent: George Washington NS | Judge: Jordan Foley
(A)  The role of the ballot is to maximize the lives saved—util gives equality to all beings which preserves dignity and short circuits “value to life” claims.
Cummisky 96 (David, professor of philosophy at Bates College, Kantian Consequentialism, pg. 131)

Finally, even if  … are saved, the better.*

(B)  Try-or-Die—Extinction precedes all impacts—it ontologically destroys the conditions for possibility and precludes any alternative way of knowing.  We’ll win a short-term scenario—explain what it is—proposing a quick policy solution to solve it is the first priority over their long term K impact because you only die once.
Paterson 3 Department of Philosophy, Providence College, Rhode Island Craig, “A Life Not Worth Living?”, Studies in Christian Ethics, http://sce.sagepub.com shree

Contrary to those … all human  possibility.82 

(2)  Violence is proximately caused so prefer specific scenarios.  Treat their slippery slope impacts with skepticism—a “one size fits all” theory is poor scholarship.
Sharpe and Goucher 10 (Matthew, lecturer, philosophy and psychoanalytic studies; and Geoff, senior lecturer, literary and psychoanalytic studies – Deakin University, Žižek and Politics: An Introduction, p. 231-233) 

We realise that … reject Theory’s legitimacy.

Tournament: Clarion | Round: 6 | Opponent: Liberty CE | Judge: Kelly Young
(1)  Case Outweighs:
(A)  The role of the ballot is to maximize the lives saved—util gives equality to all beings which preserves dignity and short circuits “value to life” claims.
Cummisky 96 (David, professor of philosophy at Bates College, Kantian Consequentialism, pg. 131)
Finally, even if  … are saved, the better.*

(B)  Try-or-Die—Extinction precedes all impacts—it ontologically destroys the conditions for possibility and precludes any alternative way of knowing.  We’ll win a short-term scenario through terrorism proposing a quick policy solution to solve it is the first priority over their long term K impact because you only die once.
Paterson 3 Department of Philosophy, Providence College, Rhode Island Craig, “A Life Not Worth Living?”, Studies in Christian Ethics, http://sce.sagepub.com shree
Contrary to those … all human  possibility.82 

(2)  Violence is proximately caused so prefer specific scenarios.  Treat their slippery slope impacts with skepticism—a “one size fits all” theory is poor scholarship.
Sharpe and Goucher 10 (Matthew, lecturer, philosophy and psychoanalytic studies; and Geoff, senior lecturer, literary and psychoanalytic studies – Deakin University, Žižek and Politics: An Introduction, p. 231-233)
We realise that … reject Theory’s legitimacy.

Simulation of different roles through fiat encourages empowerment—denies their interpassivity turn
Innes and Booher 99  (Judith, Director – Institute of Urban and Regional Development and Professor at UC Berkeley and David, Visiting Scholar at the Institute, Journal of the American Planning Association, Winter, Vol. 65, Iss. 1)
Our observation and … amental sense empowers individuals.

Reformism is empirically more successful than “revolutionary” refusal of the system, and black bodies can access deliberative democracy—they have no historical data of their “thought experiment” working in a huge, heterogeneous country like the US.
Kazin 11 (Michael, History @ Georgetown, Has the US Left Made a Difference, Dissent Spring p. 52-54)
But when political …  much to escape.” 

Only the perm solves—the act of linguistic resistance must be an invitation.  Forcing assimilation into nommo recreates the same exclusionary practices they indict
Yancy ‘4 (George, Duquesne, Journal of Speculative Philosophy 18:4, “The Social Ontology of African-American Language, The Power of Nommo, and the Dynamics of Resistance and Identity through Languageshree)
Regarding white philosophers … penchant for neologism.

Perms aren’t “assimilation” or the “view from nowhere”
Frank and McPhail 5 (David A. Frank is Professor of Rhetoric in the Robert D.Clark Honors College at the University of Oregon, Eugene. Mark Lawrence McPhail is Professor of Interdisciplinary Studies in the  Western College Program at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio, Rhetoric and Public Affairs  Vol. 8, No. 4, 2005, pp. 571-594shree)
We approach these …  for, racial reconciliation.

We’re not a view from nowhere—it’s obviously based on the historical and political situation in the countries—and their impact to this is reductionist and reifies stereotypes
Niemonen 10 (Jack Niemonen, American Sociologist, 41(1), 48-81, “Public Sociology or Partisan Sociology? The Curious Case of Whiteness Studies” EBSCOhost)
Despite recognition that … absence of reification. 

Link turn- CIA drone policy is a function of racial distinctions made to organize death—means the affirmative is a step in the right direction
Allinson 12 (Jamie, University of Westminster writing for the Millenium Conference, “Necropolitics and the Cyborg Empire: Rethinking the Drone War” retrieved 10/3/13 R.C.)
The view of …  absent exonerating evidence’.

Policy analysis should precede discourse – only way to challenge power and domination
TAFT – KAUFMAN  95     Speech prof @ CMU
Jill, Southern Comm. Journal, Spring, v. 60, Iss. 3, “Other Ways”, p pq
The postmodern passwords …  that fuel them. 

Even if they make race visible, since it’s a debate and we have to give a 2AC, we are literally incapable of agreeing with them. Teams write blocks and cut strats to beat them, not to cooperate in changing the community.  They actively trade-off with productive public non-competitive discourse outside of rounds—prefer our evidence because it’s specific to debate practice, not just academia
Atchison and Panetta ‘9 (Jarrod Atchison, Director of Debate @ Trinity University, and Edward Panetta, Director of Debate @ the University of Georgia, Intercollegiate Debate and Speech Communication: Issues for the Future, p. 317-34)
The larger problem … number of people.

Essentializing State value claims bypass actual interrogations of governmentality and cripple our ability to resist it in its worse forms
Patton ’10 (Paul, scientia professor at the UNSW school of humanities and languages , “Activism, Philosophy, and Actuality in Deleuze and Foucault” from Deleuze and Political Activism retrieved 10/28/13 R.C.)
Elements of this … ime of multiple governmentalities’ (77).

Reject totalizing forms of criticism—it’s practice of binding and moralizing issues freezes all questions on the topic; the key is taking steps, of walking as controlled falling
Massumi and Zournazi No Date (Brian and Mary, Professor of Philosophy at European Graduate School and Massui Professor at the University of Montreal, “An Interview with Brian Massumi” http://www.international-festival.org/node/111 retrieved 10/23/13 R.C.)
Brian Massumi: ‘Critical’ … keep on going.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 2 | Opponent: Dartmouth KS | Judge: Jeff Roberts
The role of the ballot is to maximize the lives saved—util gives equality to all beings which preserves dignity and short circuits “value to life” claims.
Cummisky 96 (David, professor of philosophy at Bates College, Kantian Consequentialism, pg. 131)
Finally, even if … saved, the better.*

Try-or-Die—Extinction precedes all impacts—it ontologically destroys the conditions for possibility and precludes any alternative way of knowing.  We’ll win a short-term scenario through adventurism proposing a quick policy solution to solve it is the first priority over their long term K impact because you only die once.
Paterson 3 Department of Philosophy, Providence College, Rhode Island Craig, “A Life Not Worth Living?”, Studies in Christian Ethics, http://sce.sagepub.com shree
Contrary to those … all human  possibility.82 

Terrorism is real and growing—statistics prove
Kumar 12 Chanchal Kumar, Department of Political Science, Janki Devi Memorial College, University of Delhi. “ Challenges of Global Terrorism- Strategies, Dimensions and Response: In Search of a Perspective”. International Affairs and Global Strategy, Vol 3, 2012. http://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/IAGS/article/view/1452/1377 shree
Generally, the use … growing as well. 

Labeling terrorists as such is key to addressing the threat
Ganor 1  (Boaz, Director of the International Policy Institute for Counter-Terrorism “Defining Terrorism,” http://www.ict.org.il/articles/define.htm, May 16 shree)
We face an …realization, the better.

Perm do the plan and all non-competitive parts of the alternative.  We should study specific solutions to specific problems—the critique of security consigns us to academic irrelevance.
Walt 91 (Stephen, Professor at the University of Chicago, International Studies Quarterly 35)
Yet the opposite …different methodological approaches (Downs, 1989).

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 6 | Opponent: George Washington NS | Judge: Jordan Foley
Counter interpretation—The United States Federal Government is all three branches
WordNet, 03
WordNet, Princeton University, 2003, p. http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=us20government (PDNS3487)
U.S. government n … , US Government, U.S.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 6 | Opponent: George Washington NS | Judge: Jordan Foley
Counter-interp: Targeted killing is premeditated and used extra-judicially
Maxwell 12 (Mark David Maxwell, First Quarter 2012, NDU Newsletter, http://www.ndu.edu/press/lib/pdf/jfq-64/JFQ-64_122-130_Maxwell.pdf) 

In the wake … rule of law.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 4 | Opponent: Liberty CS | Judge: Brian Box
Restrict does not mean total prohibition or destruction
Words and Phrases 04 (Volume 37A, p. 406)
Miss. 1927.  To “restrict” is .. 147 Miss. 534.

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 2 | Opponent: Dartmouth KS | Judge: Jeff Roberts
SUBSTANTIAL MEANS SERIOUS RATHER THAN TRIVIAL
WORDS AND PHRASES, PERMANENT EDITION, VOLUME 40, 1964, p.758.
The word and#34;substantialand#34; …. Workers of America, 46 A.2(1, 153, 459, 138 N.J.Eq. 3.