Tournament: The Peoples Tournament | Round: Finals | Opponent: Anyone | Judge:
Also check out JMU Bosley-Miller for previous neg positions. If there are any questions, feel free to e-mail me at:

bosley2010@gmail.com

Tournament: The Peoples Tournament | Round: 8 | Opponent: Arizona State CR | Judge: Montee
The aff’s hermeneutics of suspicion dooms resistance – even tying their criticism to revolutionary potential fails is overwhelmed by resulting self-loathing and fatalistic apathy
Berman 01 – Associate Professor of Law at the University of Connecticut Law School
(Paul Schiff, “Telling a Less Suspicious Story: Notes Toward a Non-Skeptical Approach to Legal/Cultural Analysis,” Yale J ournal of Law and the Humanities: V ol. 13: Iss. 1, Article 4. Available at: http://digitalcommons.law. yale.edu/yjlh/vol13/iss1/4, accessed 3-17-14 Bosley)

The second drawback of the hermeneutics of suspicion is perhaps even more important. As
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normative scholarship cannot extricate scholars from the fundamental questions that I am discussing.

Hermeneutics of suspicion result in analytical nihilism – any objections are delusions under the system they criticize – this just recreates hegemonic universalism though a “God’s-eye” view of reality while disconnecting theory from lived experience and praxis
Berman 01 – Associate Professor of Law at the University of Connecticut Law School
(Paul Schiff, “Telling a Less Suspicious Story: Notes Toward a Non-Skeptical Approach to Legal/Cultural Analysis,” Yale J ournal of Law and the Humanities: V ol. 13: Iss. 1, Article 4. Available at: http://digitalcommons.law. yale.edu/yjlh/vol13/iss1/4, accessed 3-17-14 Bosley)

The hermeneutics of suspicion tends to place the scholarly observer in a position superior to
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the people being studied, leading to a richer, more textured view.

None of our arguments are views from nowhere but engagements with a plurality of historically situated positions – standpoint epistemologies which position proximity to oppression as a yardstick for authenticity fail and recreate oppressive power relations
Disch, Professor of Political Theory at Minnesota, 93
(Lisa J., “More Truth Than Fact: Storytelling as Critical Understanding in the Writings of Hannah Arendt,” Political Theory 21:4, November, accessed 5-13-13 Bosley)

What Hannah Arendt called “my old fashioned storytelling”7 is at once the
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facts but to tell provocative stories that invite contestation form rival perspectives.15

Tournament: The Peoples Tournament | Round: 2 | Opponent: Bing RS | Judge: Turnage
The aff’s hermeneutics of suspicion dooms resistance – even tying their criticism to revolutionary potential fails is overwhelmed by resulting self-loathing and fatalistic apathy
Berman 01 – Associate Professor of Law at the University of Connecticut Law School
(Paul Schiff, “Telling a Less Suspicious Story: Notes Toward a Non-Skeptical Approach to Legal/Cultural Analysis,” Yale J ournal of Law and the Humanities: V ol. 13: Iss. 1, Article 4. Available at: http://digitalcommons.law. yale.edu/yjlh/vol13/iss1/4, accessed 3-17-14 Bosley)

The second drawback of the hermeneutics of suspicion is perhaps even more important. As
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normative scholarship cannot extricate scholars from the fundamental questions that I am discussing.

Tournament: The Peoples Tournament | Round: Triples | Opponent: KCKCC CG | Judge: Brady, Tews, Stevenson
The only role of the ballot is to vote for the team that wins the debate – anything else recreates hegemonic imposition of meaning upon the debate space – debate shouldn’t have to be counterhegemonic and reliance on the ballot as a political strategy destroys social activism by turning intellectual labor into an end onto itself
Bryant 13 – Professor of Philosophy at Collin College
(Levi, “The Paradox of Emancipatory Political Theory,” http://larvalsubjects.wordpress.com/2013/05/31/the-paradox-of-emancipatory-political-theory/)

There’s a sort of Hegelian contradiction at the heart of all academic political theory that
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work –but rather to carry out yet another iteration of the academic discourse 

(there are other ways that this is done, this has just been a
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important and like their the best thing since sliced bread, I guess.

Tournament: The Peoples Tournament | Round: 6 | Opponent: Texas JS | Judge: McBride
Armed forms restrictions cause a shift to PMC use – circumvents and turns the case
Michaels 04 – Law Clerk to the Honorable Guido Calabresi, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
(Jon, also Law Clerk designate, the Honorable David H. Souter, U.S. Supreme Court; J.D., Yale Law School, “ARTICLE: BEYOND ACCOUNTABILITY: THE CONSTITUTIONAL, DEMOCRATIC, AND STRATEGIC PROBLEMS WITH PRIVATIZING WAR”, 2004, 82 Wash. U. L. Q. 1001, lexis)

*1008 Military privatization of combat duties, on the other hand, decidedly
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of powers, and to the legitimacy of collective security may prove irreparable.

Military lawyers circumvent the plan
Pollack 13 – Professor of History Emeritus at MSU and Guggenheim Fellow
(Norman, "Drones, Israel, and the Eclipse of Democracy," 2-5-13, www.counterpunch.org/2013/02/05/drones-israel-and-the-eclipse-of-democracy/, accessed 12-15-13 Bosley)

Bisharat first addresses the transmogrification of international law by Israel’s military lawyers. We might
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–seems overly much, and not a murmur from an adoring public.
Article II justifications circumvent the plan
Goldsmith, 13
(Jack, Henry L. Shattuck Professor at Harvard Law School, served as Assistant Attorney General, Office of Legal Counsel from 2003–2004, and Special Counsel to the Department of Defense from 2002–2003, member of the Hoover Institution Task Force on National Security and Law, "The Senate Draft AUMF for Syria is Narrower Than the Administration's Draft, But Still Broad in Some Respects", Sept 4, www.lawfareblog.com/2013/09/the-senate-draft-aumf-for-syria-is-narrower-than-the-administrations-draft/ NL)
Before parsing the draft, a few background points to keep in mind.  The
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from restricting it, the draft AUMF enhances the president’s independent constitutional position.
Focus on acts of subjective violence conducted by the executive such as military deployments mystifies the objective structures of sovereign violence that make the aff harms possible – they just make other violent deployments more legitimate
Saas, Professor of Speech Communication at Penn State, 12
(William O., “Critique of Charismatic Violence,” symploke 20(1-2):65-82, accessed 8-24-13 Bosley)

Hidden in plain sight: a sprawling bureaucracy designed to justify and deliver military violence
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stemming the growth of the national security bureaucracy, namely, relentless publicity.

Tournament: The Peoples Tournament | Round: 3 | Opponent: Whitman BH | Judge: Stevenson
The plan only affects “targeted killing operations” which are distinct from “signature strikes”
Dunn and Wolff 13
(David Hastings Dunn – Reader in International Politics and Head of Department in the Department of Political Science and International Studies at the University of Birmingham, UK, and Stefan Wolff – Professor of International Security at the University of Birmingham in the UK, March 2013, “Drone Use in Counter-Insurgency and Counter-Terrorism: Policy or Policy Component?,” in Hitting the Target?: How New Capabilities are Shaping International Intervention, ed. Aaronson and Johnson, http://www.rusi.org/downloads/assets/Hitting_the_Target.pdf)

Yet an important distinction needs to be drawn here between acting on operational intelligence that
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, do anything but help to disentangle the links between insurgents and terrorists.
Restricting targeted killing causes a shift to signature strikes
Johnson 13 – Former Pentagon General Counsel
(Jeh, “Keynote address at the Center on National Security at Fordham Law School: A “Drone Court”: Some Pros and Cons,” 3/18/13, http://www.lawfareblog.com/2013/03/jeh-johnson-speech-on-a-drone-court-some-pros-and-cons/)

Also, beware of creating the wrong set of incentives for those who must conduct
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Qaeda terrorist who might be a U.S. citizen wanders in?
Shifting US drone policy to increased signature strikes internal link turns the entire aff
Dunn and Wolff 13
(David Hastings Dunn – Reader in International Politics and Head of Department in the Department of Political Science and International Studies at the University of Birmingham, UK, and Stefan Wolff – Professor of International Security at the University of Birmingham in the UK, March 2013, “Drone Use in Counter-Insurgency and Counter-Terrorism: Policy or Policy Component?,” in Hitting the Target?: How New Capabilities are Shaping International Intervention, ed. Aaronson and Johnson, http://www.rusi.org/downloads/assets/Hitting_the_Target.pdf)

Yet an important distinction needs to be drawn here between acting on operational intelligence that
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used, and perceived, as a blanket approach against an entire community.

New restrictions cause Obama to legitimize his military operations through other rules—that results in worse counterterrorism policies that cause global war and extinction
Barnes 12
(Beau D. Barnes, J.D., Boston University School of Law, M.A. in Law and Diplomacy, The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy at Tufts University, 2012, “Reauthorizing the 'War on Terror': The Legal and Policy Implications of the AUMF's Coming Obsolescence,” Military Law Review, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2150874anddownload=yes)

In a world without a valid AUMF, the United States could base its continued
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and rooting counterterrorism efforts within a more durable, legal foundation.”152

Tournament: The Peoples Tournament | Round: 3 | Opponent: Whitman BH | Judge: Stevenson
The aff is extra-topical – they restrict all executive authority for targeted killing which is beyond solely war powers
Bejesky 12
(Robert, M.A. Political Science (Michigan), M.A
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Journal, 44 St. Mary's L. J. 1, lexis)

V. CONCLUSION The roles of war powers delegated to Congress and the Executive within
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discord about the scope of the Executive's war powers for nearly two centuries.

Tournament: The Peoples Tournament | Round: 8 | Opponent: Arizona State CR | Judge: Montee
Multiculturalism respects local cultures only to reassert the superiority of a tolerant Eurocentric subjectivity—this depoliticizing move obscures real oppression and furthers the triumphant march of capitalism
Zizek ’99 Slavoj Zizek, researcher in sociology at the university of Ljubljana, The Ticklish Subject: The absent centre of political ontology, 1999, pg. 215-221
How, then, does the universe of Capital relate to the form of nation
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the deadlock which hampers me is also the deadlock which hampers the Other.
The determinism of capital is responsible for the instrumentalization of life—it is this logic that mobilizes and allows for the 1AC’s scenarios in the first place.
dyer-witherford 99
Nick, Prof at U. of Western Ontario, Cyber Marx: Cycles and Circuits of Struggle in High Technology Capitalism
For capitalism, the use of machines as organs of “will over nature”
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degree to which this project of mastery has backfired is all too obvious.
Vote Negative to validate and adopt the method of structural/historical criticism that is the 1NC.
This is not the alternative,  but in truth the only option—method is the foremost political question because one must understand the existing social totality before one can act on it—grounding the sites of political contestation on knowledge outside of labor and surplus value merely serve to humanize capital and prevent a transition to a society beyond oppression.
tumino 2001
Stephen, Prof English at Pitt, ““What is Orthodox Marxism and Why it Matters Now More than Ever”, Red Critique, p. online
Any effective political theory will have to do at least two things: it will
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determinism of corporate theory ("knowledge work") that masquerades as social theory.

Tournament: The Peoples Tournament | Round: 3 | Opponent: Whitman BH | Judge: Stevenson
The affirmative’s silence to the privilege of their existence and critique on stolen land is not benign but serves to maintain the genocidal social order of the United States – Native dispossession is a prior question
Churchill 03
(Ward, “Acts of Rebellion: The Ward Churchill Reader,” New York: Taylor and Francis Books, 258-262, accessed 4-30-13 Bosley)

I’ll debunk some of this nonsense in a moment, but first I want to
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make themselves part of the problem rather than becoming part of the solution.

Focusing on making drones “legal” ignores the colonial necropolitics that determines which politicized lives can be saved or eliminated
Allinson 12 – Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities at the University of Westminster
(Jamie, “Necropolitics of the Cyborg Empire: Rethinking the Drone War,” http://millenniumjournal.files.wordpress.com/2012/10/ allinsonmillenium2012necropoliticscyborg-empire.docx, accessed 12-15-13 Bosley)

Against these claims, anti-drone voices focus on the potential for lethal mistakes
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cyborgs’. How is this technology visible in the practice of drone strikes?

Drone warfare is inseperable from colonialist violence – reformism can’t grasp with the flexible nature of sovereignty and frontier territory that allows for biopolitical control of racialized bodies
Feldman 11 – Assistant Professor of Ethnic Studies at UC Berkeley
(Keith P., “Empire’s Verticality,” Comparative American Studies 9:4, December 2011, 325-41, accessed 11-15-13 Bosley)

How should we think of the relationship between the borders of the United States as
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is always-already marked by an open-ended and indefinite futurity.

Colonialism necessitates mass structural violence as a majority of the global is reduced to bare life – investigating the historical constitution of these power relations is necessary to solve endless violence
Hartig 6 – Associate Professor of English at the University of Montreal
(Heike, “Global Civil War and Post-colonial Studies,” from the Globalization and Autonomy Online Compendium, globalautonomy.ca/global1/servlet/Xml2pdf?fn=RA_Harting_GlobalCivilWar)

The Necropolitics of Global Civil War As with other civil wars, global civil war
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rescripting of both the normalizing narratives and racialized embodiment of global civil warfare. 

The alternative is a “first priority” to banish the United States from the planet
Churchill 96
(Ward, ex-Prof of Ethnic Studies @ U of Colorado, “From a Native Son”, p.85-90shree)

The question which inevitably arises with regard to indigenous land claims, especially in the
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“impossible realism.” Isn’t it time we all worked on attaining it? 

Challening the 1AC’s colonialist framework of interpretation is a prior question
Deloria Jr. 99 – Member of the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe and Professor at University of Colorado Boulder
(Vine, also Former Executive Director for the National Congress of American Indians and former Professor of Political Science and Law at the University of Arizona, For This Land: Writing on Religion in America, p. 101-7, Mabrey/Bosley) 

If there were any serious concern about liberation we would see thousands of people simply
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inductive and deductive reasoning are the primary tools For gain- ing knowledge.

Tournament: The Peoples Tournament | Round: 6 | Opponent: Texas JS | Judge: McBride
The affirmative’s silence to the privilege of their existence and critique on stolen land is not benign but serves to maintain the genocidal social order of the United States – Native dispossession is a prior question
Churchill 03
(Ward, “Acts of Rebellion: The Ward Churchill Reader,” New York: Taylor and Francis Books, 258-262, accessed 4-30-13 Bosley)

I’ll debunk some of this nonsense in a moment, but first I want to
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make themselves part of the problem rather than becoming part of the solution.

The affirmative’s focus on the “excess” of US military deployments ignores the structure of military lawfare that allows for mass liberal violence
Morrissey 11 – Lecturer in Political and Cultural Geography, National University of Ireland, Galway
(John, Galway; has held visiting research fellowships at University College Cork, City University of New York, Virginia Tech and the University of Cambridge, “Liberal Lawfare and Biopolitics: US Juridical Warfare in the War on Terror,” Geopolitics, Volume 16, Issue 2, 2011, accessed 1-14-13 Bosley)

The US military’s evident disdain for international law, indifference to the pain of ‘
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toxic combination’ of US geopolitics and biopolitics defining the current age of securitization.
?
Colonialism necessitates mass structural violence as a majority of the global is reduced to bare life – investigating the historical constitution of these power relations is necessary to solve endless violence
Hartig 6 – Associate Professor of English at the University of Montreal
(Heike, “Global Civil War and Post-colonial Studies,” from the Globalization and Autonomy Online Compendium, globalautonomy.ca/global1/servlet/Xml2pdf?fn=RA_Harting_GlobalCivilWar)

The Necropolitics of Global Civil War As with other civil wars, global civil war
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rescripting of both the normalizing narratives and racialized embodiment of global civil warfare. 

The alternative is a “first priority” to banish the United States from the planet
Churchill 96
(Ward, ex-Prof of Ethnic Studies @ U of Colorado, “From a Native Son”, p.85-90shree)

The question which inevitably arises with regard to indigenous land claims, especially in the
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“impossible realism.” Isn’t it time we all worked on attaining it? 

Challening the 1AC’s colonialist framework of interpretation is a prior question
Deloria Jr. 99 – Member of the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe and Professor at University of Colorado Boulder
(Vine, also Former Executive Director for the National Congress of American Indians and former Professor of Political Science and Law at the University of Arizona, For This Land: Writing on Religion in America, p. 101-7, Mabrey/Bosley) 

If there were any serious concern about liberation we would see thousands of people simply
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inductive and deductive reasoning are the primary tools For gain- ing knowledge.

Tournament: The Peoples Tournament | Round: 2 | Opponent: Bing RS | Judge: Turnage
Demands upon the academy to alleviate suffering are colonialist parasitism – Otherness becomes merchandise sold for ballots while our responses are depoliticized and paper over the structures of power and privilege that make criticism possible
Nayar, Associate Professor of Law at the University of Warwick, 13
(Jayan, “The Politics of Hope and the Other-in-the-World: Thinking Exteriority,” 2013, Law Critique 24:64-85, DOI 10.1007/s10978-012-9115-8, accessed 8-22-13 Bosley) *Footnotes 13 and 16 included in brackets

An ontology of totality-exteriority underpins this conventional wisdom of what Santiago Castro-
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and how profitably we, thinkers of hope, suffer in this respect.

Framing indigenous experience in opposition to civil society essentializes Native identity as perpetual victims to feed Whitestream consumption – that destroys the value of the academy and produces Settler complacency
Grande, Associate Professor of Education at Connecticut College, 04
(Sandy, Red Pedagogy, p. 100-104, accessed 2-10-13 Bosley)

Left-essentialism is basically a permutation of essentialist theories. While left-essentialism
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and consequently to provide the transformative knowledge needed to disrupt their hegemonic effects.

“The subaltern cannot speak” – their mediation of suffering only solidifies the imperialist subjectivity of the ethical philosophy justified to act upon an essentialized Other that produces violent interventionism which dooms the aff
Nayar, Associate Professor of Law at the University of Warwick, 13
(Jayan, “The Politics of Hope and the Other-in-the-World: Thinking Exteriority,” 2013, Law Critique 24:64-85, DOI 10.1007/s10978-012-9115-8, accessed 8-22-13 Bosley)

The Depoliticisation and Bureaucratisation of Suffering People suffer.17 This is a simple truth
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our critical self-reflection as we engage in the politics of hope?

Presenting Native scholarship through damage narratives is a double erasure that’s implicated in Settler colonialism—academia ventriloquizing the speaking subaltern fits neatly in a scheme of self-aggrandizement and voyeurism.  Vote negative to refuse academic research of native pain
Tuck and Yang 14 (Eve Tuck and K Wayne Yang, Eve Tuck  is Assistant Professor of Educational Foundations and Coordinator of Native American Studies at the State University of New York at New Paltz.Tuck earned her Ph.D.in Urban Education at The Graduate Center, The City University of New York in 2008.  Yang is Ph.D., 2004, Social and Cultural Studies, University of California, Berkeley.  R-Words:  Refusing Research, P 225-231shree) 

Under coloniality, Descartes’ formulation, cognito ergo sum (“I think, therefore I
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. 14). Desire interrupts this metanarrative of damaged communities and White progress.

Tournament: The Peoples Tournament | Round: Triples | Opponent: KCKCC CG | Judge: Brady, Tews, Stevenson
Autobiographical confessions of suffering, even when attached to structural critiques, are commodified by the intellectual and ballot economy of debate – every “win” is symbolized as personal investment and success in the structures they critique while supporting the myth of the autonomous individual at the heart of liberalism – this overdetermines the content of their performance and provides political cover for structural oppression under the guise of “tolerance” and individualization of violence that detracts from collective action
Coughlin 95 – Associate Professor of Law at Vanderbilt Law School
(Anne, “Regulating the Self: Autobiographical Performances in Outsider Scholarship,” 81 Va. L. Rev. 1229)

Although Williams is quick to detect insensitivity and bigotry in remarks made by strangers,
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reminds us that autobiography is a lucrative commodity. In our culture, member
s of the reading public avidly consume personal stories, n197 which surely explains why
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, rather than subvert, autobiographical protagonists that serve the values of liberalism.

Personal experience is always regulated by the confessional sites in which it is presented – in debate this ensures violent essentialism as “I” becomes “Us” and difference in groups become mapped over in a way that not only prevents solvency but which provides power to the violent bureaucracy of the status quo
Brown, Feminist Scholar and Professor of Political Science at UC Berkeley, 96
(Wendy, “Constitutions and 'Survivor Stories': In the 'folds of our own discourse' The Pleasures and Freedoms of Silence,” 3 U Chi L Sch Roundtable 185, accessed via LexisNexis on 5-30-12 Bosley)

If, taken together, the two passages from Foucault we have been considering call
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this vein, that there is so little feminist writing on heterosexual pleasure?)
The aff’s performance doesn’t disrupt dominant politics but instead resolidifes the imperial self that acts as judge and jury over the suffering of the Other producing a violent impulse for intervention
Nayar, Associate Professor of Law at the University of Warwick, 13
(Jayan, “The Politics of Hope and the Other-in-the-World: Thinking Exteriority,” 2013, Law Critique 24:64-85, DOI 10.1007/s10978-012-9115-8, accessed 8-22-13 Bosley)

Still, we contemporary architects of hope out of suffering continue to engage our critical
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Totality, the constitutive radical Other who stands in incommensurable encounter against Totality.

The alternative is to forget the 1AC.  Forgetting is a positive faculty which allows us to achieve ourselves outside of asceticism’s deathgrip.
Zupan?i? 3 (Alenka, Philosopher at the U of Ljubljana, “The Shortest Shadow: Nietzsche’s Philosophy of the Two,” p 57-60, evidence under erasure shree)

This is perhaps the moment to examine in more detail what Nietzschean “forgetting”
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—precisely through its “closure”—the possibility of a new one.

Tournament: The Peoples Tournament | Round: 2 | Opponent: Bing RS | Judge: Turnage
A. Interpretation and violation – the affirmative should defend some type of statutory or judicial restrictions on the war powers authority of the President of the U.S. in one or more of the following areas: targeted killing, indefinite detention, offensive cyber operations, or introduction of armed forces into hostilities

1. Congress enacts “statutory restrictions” and federal judiciary imposes “judicial restrictions”
   Peterson 91 – Associate Professor of Law at the George Washington University National Law Center
   (Todd D. Peterson, B.A. 1973, Brown University; J.D. 1976, University of Michigan, Book Review: The Law And Politics Of Shared National Security Power -- A Review Of The National Security Constitution: Sharing Power After The Iran-Contra Affair by Harold Hongju Koh, New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press. 1990. Pp. x, 330, March, 1991 59 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 747) 

Based on both case law and custom, it is hard to argue that Congress
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. n91 The problem is that Congress has refused to take effective action.

2. War powers are the authority to use military force in declared wars
Waxman 13 – Professor of Law at Columbia and co-chairs the Roger Hertog Program on Law and National Security
(Matthew, August 27, 2013, “The Constitutional Power to Threaten War,” http://www.lawfareblog.com/2013/08/the-constitutional-power-to-threaten-war/#.UsSTavRDveo)

As to the constitutional issues, there is wide agreement among legal scholars on the
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force are more prone than congressionally-checked ones to be dangerously rash.
3. Indefinite detention authority is only authority TO DETAIN
Glazier 06 – Associate Professor at Loyola Law School in Los Angeles, California
David Glazier, ARTICLE: FULL AND FAIR BY WHAT MEASURE?: IDENTIFYING THE INTERNATIONAL LAW REGULATING MILITARY COMMISSION PROCEDURE, Boston University International Law Journal, Spring, 2006, 24 B.U. Int'l L.J. 55

President Bush's decision to consider the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, as
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over only those offenses defined in U.S. criminal statutes. n3
B. Vote negative 

1. Ground – the affirmative can use any methodological approach of inquiry and knowledge production as long as it includes a defense of a statutory or judicial restriction to decrease war powers authority – provides aff flexibility while preserving our ability to impact turn case areas and test efficacy of their method and legal engagement – any other interpretation explodes neg research burden and moots preparation
   2. Topic Specific Education – debating the institutional mechanisms of Presidential war powers is necessary to check mass executive violence
   Young 13 – Associate Professor of Communication and Director of Forensics at Wayne State
   (Kelly, “Why Should We Debate About Restriction of Presidential War Powers,” 9-4-13, http://public.cedadebate.org/node/13, accessed 9-4-13 Bosley)

Beyond its obviously timeliness, we
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students’ opinions will stand as an important potential check on the presidency. 

3. Topical version of the aff – present the spatalized historical account of indigenous dispossession in Indiana and the United States broadly as a justification for a statutory or judicial restriction ending the war powers authority to indefinitely detain or introduce armed forces into hostilities – the bankruptcy of the law necessitates legal engagement to overcome the complacency of refusal which only solidifies the status quo
Smith, Associate Professor of Media and Cultural Studies at UC Riverside, 12
(Andrea, also author of Conquest: Sexual Violence and American Indian Genocide, and Native Americans and the Christian Right: The Gendered Politics of Unlikely Alliance, “The Moral Limits of the Law: Settler Colonialism and the Anti-Violence Movement,” settler colonial studies 2(2): p69-88, accessed 5-14-13 Bosley)

Legal reformists who often focus on shaping the law to reflect their moral values and
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an alternative system to the heteropatriarchal, white supremacist, settler colonial state.

4. Default to competing interpretations – voting negative is not a claim negating the entire scholarship of the 1AC but an affirmation of a heuristic for debate over oppressive power structures – every reason to reject topical action can be appropriated by actors with the opposite goals
Talisse, Professor of Philosophy at Vanderbilt, 05
(Robert, “Deliberativist responses to activist challenges: A continuation of Young’s dialectic, ” Philosophy and Social Criticism 31:4, pp.423-444, accessed 1-2-13 Bosley) *Evidence has been gender modified

My call for a more detailed articulation of the second activist challenge may be met
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entails a politics based upon interest-based power struggles amongst adversarial factions.

Tournament: The Peoples Tournament | Round: 8 | Opponent: Arizona State CR | Judge: Montee
A. Interpretation – the affirmative should defend some type of statutory or judicial restrictions on the war powers authority of the President of the U.S. in one or more of the following areas: targeted killing, indefinite detention, offensive cyber operations, or introduction of armed forces into hostilities

1. Congress enacts “statutory restrictions” and federal judiciary imposes “judicial restrictions”
   Peterson 91 – Associate Professor of Law at the George Washington University National Law Center
   (Todd D. Peterson, B.A. 1973, Brown University; J.D. 1976, University of Michigan, Book Review: The Law And Politics Of Shared National Security Power -- A Review Of The National Security Constitution: Sharing Power After The Iran-Contra Affair by Harold Hongju Koh, New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press. 1990. Pp. x, 330, March, 1991 59 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 747) 

Based on both case law and custom, it is hard to argue that Congress
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. n91 The problem is that Congress has refused to take effective action.

2. War powers are the authority to use military force in declared wars
Waxman 13 – Professor of Law at Columbia and co-chairs the Roger Hertog Program on Law and National Security
(Matthew, August 27, 2013, “The Constitutional Power to Threaten War,” http://www.lawfareblog.com/2013/08/the-constitutional-power-to-threaten-war/#.UsSTavRDveo)

As to the constitutional issues, there is wide agreement among legal scholars on the
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force are more prone than congressionally-checked ones to be dangerously rash.
3. Authority over indefinite detention is the authority TO DETAIN
Glazier 06 – Associate Professor at Loyola Law School in Los Angeles, California
David Glazier, ARTICLE: FULL AND FAIR BY WHAT MEASURE?: IDENTIFYING THE INTERNATIONAL LAW REGULATING MILITARY COMMISSION PROCEDURE, Boston University International Law Journal, Spring, 2006, 24 B.U. Int'l L.J. 55

President Bush's decision to consider the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, as
AND
over only those offenses defined in U.S. criminal statutes. n3

2. Topic Specific Education – debating the institutional mechanisms of Presidential war powers is necessary to check mass executive violence – different statutory restrictions have radically different effects on the ability to challenge the specific manifestations of the secular state
Cole 12 – Professor of Law at Georgetown
(David, “The Politics of the Rule of Law: The Role of Civil Society in the Surprising Resilience of Human Rights in the Decade after 9/11” http://www.law.uchicago.edu/files/files/Cole201.12.12.pdf p. 51-53)

As I have shown above, while political forces played a significant role in checking
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but on a vibrant civil society dedicated to reinforcing and defending constitutional values.

3. Topical version of the aff – end indefinite detention  – the bankruptcy of the law necessitates legal engagement to overcome the complacency of refusal which only solidifies the status quo
Smith, Associate Professor of Media and Cultural Studies at UC Riverside, 12
(Andrea, also author of Conquest: Sexual Violence and American Indian Genocide, and Native Americans and the Christian Right: The Gendered Politics of Unlikely Alliance, “The Moral Limits of the Law: Settler Colonialism and the Anti-Violence Movement,” settler colonial studies 2(2): p69-88, accessed 5-14-13 Bosley)

Legal reformists who often focus on shaping the law to reflect their moral values and
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an alternative system to the heteropatriarchal, white supremacist, settler colonial state.

State engagement is possible while simultaneously deconstructing the underlying values and legitimacy of the Law and without devolving into empty reformism
Thomson 05 – Lecturer in English at the Univerty of Glasgow
(Alex, Deconstruction and Democracy, p. 171-73)

What Derrida proposes is not the end of revolution, however, but an extension
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an intensive engagement with the law, both within and beyond the state.

4. Default to competing interpretations – voting negative is not a claim negating the entire scholarship of the 1AC but an affirmation of a heuristic for debate over oppressive power structures – every reason to reject topical action can be appropriated by actors with the opposite goals
Talisse, Professor of Philosophy at Vanderbilt, 05
(Robert, “Deliberativist responses to activist challenges: A continuation of Young’s dialectic, ” Philosophy and Social Criticism 31:4, pp.423-444, accessed 1-2-13 Bosley) *Evidence has been gender modified

My call for a more detailed articulation of the second activist challenge may be met
AND
entails a politics based upon interest-based power struggles amongst adversarial factions.

Tournament: The Peoples Tournament | Round: 6 | Opponent: Texas JS | Judge: McBride
Restrictions on war power authority must be prohibitions on the statutory source – the aff creates new rules outside authorization
Bradley 10 – Richard A. Horvitz Professor of Law and Professor of Public Policy Studies at Duke Law School
(Curtis, “CLEAR STATEMENT RULES AND EXECUTIVE WAR POWERS” Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy 33(1), http://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2730andcontext=faculty_scholarship, accessed 12-19-13 Bosley)

The scope of the President’s independent war powers is notoriously unclear, and courts are
AND
for the courts than about prohibiting the executive from exercising statutorily conferred authority.
Humanitarian interventions don’t derive from war powers – it only occurs through UN Security Council authorizations
Goldsmith 13
 Jack Goldsmith Jack Goldsmith is the Henry L. Shattuck Professor at Harvard Law School, where he teaches and writes about national security law, presidential power, cybersecurity, international law, internet law, foreign relations law, and conflict of laws. Saturday, August 24, 2013 The Kosovo Precedent for Syria Isn’t Much of a Precedent http://www.lawfareblog.com/2013/08/the-kosovo-precedent-for-syria-isnt-much-of-a-precedent/

As the pressure to intervene in Syria builds, the administration once again, as
AND
is determined by how the action is interpreted and used in the future.