Tournament: ndt | Round: 4 | Opponent: ou bc | Judge: brady, evans, lundeen
Berlant 93
Lauren "The Queen of America Goes to Washington City " American Literature, Vol. 65, No. 3, Subjects and Citizens: Nation, Race, and Gender from Oroonoko to Anita Hill. (Sep., 1993), pp. 549-574. Duke Univ Press. George M. Pullman Distinguished Service Professor @ U Chicago~ MI

When Anita Hill, Harriet Jacobs, and Frances Harper’s Iola Leroy speak¶ in
AND
"free," even under¶ the aegis of national-democratic protections.

This doesn’t just happen to women and Rapists and predators aren’t all skeezes in trench-coats leering at underage girls, they’re not the hyper-masculinized bros - they’re your best friends, run important programs, they have respect and credibility. These norms are naturalized through repetition, every round is key to establishing a culture of vigilance around the systemic exclusion of bodies. Most perpetrators have no conception of themselves as such, and everyone else sees it as none of their business.

This debate is necessary to create overcome an "add and stir" approach that only includes more people into a space that is violent for them..  The only alternative is colluding with the process of making some bodies property for the enactment of white masculine fantasies.

Berlant 93
~Lauren "The Queen of America Goes to Washington City " American Literature, Vol. 65, No. 3, Subjects and Citizens: Nation, Race, and Gender from Oroonoko to Anita Hill. (Sep., 1993), pp. 549-574. Duke Univ Press. George M. Pullman Distinguished Service Professor @ U Chicago~ MI

When you are born into a national symbolic order that explicitly marks¶ your person
AND
sensuality-this is the cost,¶ indeed the promise, of citizenship.

White male bodies are always already deploying essentialism without having to name their desire for it - Essentialism claims put the blame on the oppressed and excuse the oppressor— this is a silencing tactic produced by fear of marginalized bodies becoming authoritative... our aff is a question of SURVIVAL

hooks 91
bell, the best there ever was. "Essentialism and Experience"¶ American Literary History, Vol. 3, No. 1 (Spring, 1991), pp. 172-183 

According to Fuss, issues of "essence, identity, and experience"¶ erupt
AND
professor than to the students, to some¶ students more than others?

public/private

The public sphere, here in debate as elsewhere, is universal and disembodied. How we learn about What happens "out there" in the realm of "real politics" grooms debators to disavow the private sphere, relegating it to the pure domesticity of squad rooms and hotel parties. The impact is that women are excluded from receiving the same benefits of debate education, and are crowded out of the political sphere.

Youngs 2004 (Gillian, "Feminist International Relations: a¶ contradiction in terms? Or: why women¶ and gender are essential to understanding¶ the world ’we’ live in," International Affairs 80, I (2004) 75-87, Pg. 8-10 KD)
Sovereignty is a core concept in International Relations because it defines¶ the pre-
AND
relations, including gender hierarchies,¶ contribute to insecurity, broadly defined.27
*ableism modified

The debate community places undue emphasis on existential impacts – this calculus has gained epistemological privilege that requires low burden of proof due to assumptions and preferences of discourse advanced by individuals isolated from everyday impacts of social hierarchies like colonialism – must actively displace this dominant understanding of violence by over-privileging "everyday" violence like poverty and political repression.

Scheper-Hughes and Bourgois 04— Nancy and Philippe, Prof of Anthropology @ Cal-Berkely; Prof of Anthropology @ UPenn, Making Sense of Violence, in Violence in War and Peace, pg. 19-22 (MI)
This large and at first sight "messy" Part VII is central to (
AND
-security prisons, capital punishment; the technologies of heightened personal security.
*ableism modified

The detached stance of the policy maker in debate divorces us from true advocacy and is one of the most debilitating failures of contemporary education. Throwing around war and extinction as if you have resolved forecloses the opportunity to understand the everyday violence that we as debaters participate in.

• • DSRB 2008
    (Shanara,"THE HARSH REALITIES OF "ACTING BLACK": HOW AFRICAN-AMERICAN POLICY DEBATERS NEGOTIATE REPRESENTATION THROUGH RACIAL PERFORMANCE AND STYLE," pg. 118-120)

Mitchell observes that the stance of the policymaker in debate comes with a "sense
AND
attempt to make their social locations visible and relevant to their rhetorical stance.

Linguistic commonality requires homogeneity and the destruction of all perspectives that are deemed outside of it. Sameness destroys the debate community.

Secomb 2000 (Linnell, a lecturer in Gender Studies at the University of Sydney, "Fractured Community," Hypatia, Vol 15, No 2, Spring 2000, pp 138-139)

This reformulated universalist model of community would be founded on "a moral conversation in
AND
the dominant modes of authoritative and rational conversation that assume homogeneity and transparency.
*ableism modified

solvency

Our method is an affective intervention into debate - the emphasis on the materiality of suffering transforms empathy into energy for praxis. in the pedagogical setting of the classroom, and ethic of witnessing breaks down the mechanisms by which privilege denies the materiality of the suffering of others. It creates the ethical conditions in which feelings of trauma and shame can be transformed into energy for praxis and responsibility.

Zembylas 08
, asst. prof. of edu. @ Open University of Cyprus, 2008
(Michalinos, "Bearing Witness to the Ethics and Politics of Suffering: J. M. Coetzee’s Disgrace, Inconsolable Mourning, and the Task of Educators," April, Online)

A critical approach to witnessing trauma and suffering in the classroom urges educators and their
AND
of those who suffer, without establishing a hermeneutic orthodoxy of postcolonial narrative. 

Even though your ballot may not change the structures of the state it represents an ethical commitment to contesting structural domination within the institution of debate. Competition is precisely what makes our alternative work.

Reid-Brinkley, 2008
~Shanara, The Harsh Realities Of "Acting Black": How African-American Policy Debaters Negotiate Representation Through Racial Performance And Style, http://www.comm.pitt.edu/faculty/documents/reid-brinkley_shanara_r_200805_phd.pdf Assistant Professor of African American Studies and Communications and former Director of Debate at the University of Pittsburgh~ MI
Although the Louisville team provides a clear justification for their policy statement, i.
AND
even while acting against it is a confrontational stance for the Project members.

Tournament: Wake | Round: 1 | Opponent: Clarion BC | Judge: Mike Krueger
The deliberation of the neg’s interpretation creates short term solutions masking larger destructive social relations—only criticism can create break down these normative structures
Eckersley 02
Robyn, Environmental Pragmatism, ecocentrism and deliberative democracy: between problem-solving and fundamental critique, http://eprints.infodiv.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00001950/02/Envpragchap5.pdf Professor in the School of Politics, Sociology and Criminology, University of Melbourne (MI)

From the point of view of those

AND

mediation and narrow problem- solving.
The detached stance of the policy maker in debate divorces us from true advocacy and is one of the most debilitating failures of contemporary education. Throwing around war and extinction as if you have resolved forecloses the opportunity to understand the everyday violence that we as debaters participate in.
 DSRB 2008
(Shanara,"THE HARSH REALITIES OF “ACTING BLACK”: HOW AFRICAN-AMERICAN POLICY DEBATERS NEGOTIATE REPRESENTATION THROUGH RACIAL PERFORMANCE AND STYLE," pg. 118-120)

Mitchell observes that the stance of the

AND

and relevant to their rhetorical stance.

Tournament: Wake | Round: 4 | Opponent: Fullerton GR | Judge: Caitlin Reynolds
Any movement that does not challenge multiple intersections of oppresesion will fail to challenge the settler state. The alternative's failure to accommodate alternative strategies for liberation acts as patriarchs policing the revolutionary family. This form of internalized colonization will lead to  liberation for the native community at the expense of those most marginalized within it.
Smith 10
Andrea. 2010. Dismantling Hierarchy, Queering Society. Tikkun 25(4): 60¶ author of Native Americans and the Christian Right: The Gendered Politics of Unlikely Alliances (Duke, 2008). prof @ UC Riverside.

Another reality that a queer

AND

changing strategies for liberation.

We have offense to their Churchill evidence Prioritizing decolonization is a nationalist move that sacrifices the lives of native women and gender-non normative bodies.
Smith 10 (Andrea “Queer Theory and Native Studies: The Heteronormativity of Settler Colonialism” GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, Volume 16, Number 1-2, 2010, pp. 42-68 (Article) RC) 

Thus normative futurity depends

AND

present for  the white queer subject. 

This subordination of sexism to racism is a 'divide and conquer' tool of modernity.
Winnubust 2006
Shannon, Winnubst. Queering Freedom. Bloomington, IN. USA : Indiiana university Press. Pg 192. Sexuality studies @ Ohio State pg. 10-13 (MI)

In ways that do and do not mirror

AND

as¶ ‘desire’ in such a setting.17

Tournament: NDT | Round: 2 | Opponent: Indiana PS | Judge: Woodward, Natalie Ortiz, Kate Cooper, Deven
ERROR

Ableism

To be silent about our privilege is what makes us bad allies. We need to be open about politics.

hooks 3(bell Gloria Jean Watkins, better known by her pen name bell hooks, is an American author, feminist, and social activist. "Teaching Community A Pedagogy of Hope")
Pg. 56-57
While it is a truism that every citizen of this nation, white or colored
AND
we can refuse to embrace racist thinking and action, so can they.

Our knowledge and our subjectivity does not have a neutral starting point. It is marked by racial, gender, class, and cultural hierarchies. By stripping ourselves of these subjectivities, Western knowledge produces an unbiased account of truths that locate us in the subaltern knowledge. 

Dis/ability is produced relationally - the military industrial complex reifies categories of health, injury and dis/ability  - excluding the aff reduces dis/ability to a representation of victimhood. This is why we must include a critique of military industrial complex.

Trappen 13
~Sandra "War and Disability" The Feminist Wire Nov 25 2013 CUNY Queens College~ MI
Yet even still, the body itself remains elusive. For the anatomical logic of
AND
and disability to larger issues of militarization and the social organization of violence.

Using identity as a frame for understanding ableism reduces it to a set of binaries rather than an ontology through which we understand the world.

Trappen 13
~Sandra "War and Disability" The Feminist Wire Nov 25 2013 CUNY Queens College~ MI
A number of problems surface here, the most obvious of which is the near
AND
welfare benefits, housing, substance abuse, rehabilitation, and social reintegration).

====This is a focus on personal empowerment which builds up the legitimacy of liberalism by providing venues for the subject to assert themselves IE their functioning of the ballot. Voting negative to create inclusive spaces doesn’t change the fundamentally anti-black way those identities become redeployed. The disad is that we invade other countries because we’re able to say "look at how they treat disabled people"====
Brown 95—prof at UC Berkeley 
(Wendy, States of Injury, 21-3)
For some, fueled by opprobrium toward regulatory norms or other modalities of domination,
AND
so forms an important element of legitimacy for the antidemocratic dimensions of liberalism.

Footnoting  is infinitely regressive, that permutations are not footnoting, because Our affirmative creates a possibility of rethinking the body to reframe its meaning – their refusal to be incorporated denies meaning to bodies and lives.

Creal 99 – Their author
(Lee Davis, "THE "DISABILITY OF THINKING"
THE "DISABLED" BODY", Course Paper for Ambiguous Bodies: Studies in Contemporary Sexuality, York University, http://www.broadreachtraining.com/advocacy/artcreal.htm)

Lennard Davis’ statement is provocative and a direct challenge to theorists to include the "
AND
have a chance for the future." (Haraway, 1991: 187)

also, their alternative functions as a footnote to the round, imagining that they didn’t have to read the 1NC is a footnote

Focusing on discourse directly trades off with material change.

Churchill 96
 Ward Churchill, Professor of American Indian Studies at the University of Colorado, 1996 ("Semantic Masturbation on the Left: A Barrier to Unity and Action," From A Native Son: Selected Essays in Indigenism, 1985-1995, Published by South End Press, ISBN 0896085538, p. 460 (MI)
There can be little doubt that matters of linguistic appropriateness and precision are of serious

Tournament: ndt | Round: 4 | Opponent: ou bc | Judge: brady, evans, lundeen

Radical negativity is a machismo vanguard model of activism. Historically, these movements are violently hierarchical and exclude those who exist in a state of dependency to family or kinship formations.

Smith 2013
~Andrea  The Problem with "Privilege" http://andrea366.wordpress.com/2013/08/14/the-problem-with-privilege-by-andrea-smith/~~ MI
There is no simple anti-oppression formula that we can follow; we are
AND
order to eat, they might educate themselves on the nature of agribusiness.

Competition forces an encounter in rounds that does not shut down the movement, but forces us to be innovative and tests our solution. Debate rounds are key to developing solutions through a dialectical process.

Partlow and Rowland 2002 (Sarah T., Professor of Communication and Director of Debate at Idaho State University, and Robert, "On Defining Argument as a Purpose Oriented Genre: A Feminist Defense of Argument and Debate," Arguing Communication and Culture, (Ed.) G. Thomas Goodnight, 2002, Pg. 3-4, KD)
The underlying purpose served by argument is not disagreement-resolution,¶ persuasion, or
AND
such a "solution" without testing it in an argumentative¶ process.

We have offense to their first priority arguments—it is a nationalist move that sacrifices the lives of native women and gender-non normative bodies.

Smith 10 (Andrea "Queer Theory and Native Studies: The Heteronormativity of Settler Colonialism" GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, Volume 16, Number 1-2, 2010, pp. 42-68 (Article) RC) 

Thus normative futurity depends on an "origin story." The future is legitimated as
AND
the origin story that generates the autonomous present for  the white queer subject. 

Embodiment DA: The body is a key site of resistance: without the embodiment focus of the aff the alt becomes overly abstract and does nothing, the alt alone is a view from nowhere. This subordination of sexism to racism is a ’divide and conquer’ tool of modernity.

Winnubust 2006
Shannon, Winnubst. Queering Freedom. Bloomington, IN. USA : Indiiana university Press. Pg 192. Sexuality studies @ Ohio State pg. 10-13 (MI)

In ways that do and do not mirror the knots involved in the sex/
AND
we try to understand as¶ ’desire’ in such a setting.17

Seeing modes of resistance as mutually exclusive is counterproductive. People of all social locations must come to terms with their privilege in order to build communities of difference

Rowe ’5 (Aimee Carrillo: Assistant Professor of Rhetoric at the University of Iowa. "Be Longing: Toward a Feminist Politics of Relation," NWSA Journal, 17.2, 2005.).
5. Differential Belonging: In differential belonging, we recognize the lessons that come
AND
understandings of power and privilege and moves into the realm of embodied knowing.

Tournament: CEDA | Round: 3 | Opponent: Towson BU | Judge: Zach Richter
ACT I - The Interrogators 

Many of us in the military feel a kinship with those of you in the arts. Military intelligence involves the careful study of culture, and like you, we seek to understand people’s beliefs and learn how to shape them.¶ As an interrogator, I feel a particular kinship with performance artists, even if I don’t always share their views. To my mind, interrogation is a form of performance for an audience of one—a captive audience, so to speak. We have to know how to play our roles well so that we make our audience believe what we want them to believe.¶ Many of you here today may not have considered this, but the military and the art world are similar in many other ways as well. Both institutions are guardians of this country’s sacred freedoms. We are both hierarchical in structure, and global in scope. We maintain amicable and productive relations with multinational corporations, and our operations run best when unsavory details remain far from public view. We both know that the surest way to hide things is to put on a good show.¶ In fact, the military has learned a great deal from the arts about how flashy spectacle draws public attention away from the less uplifting aspects of our engagements. We have also taken a cue from you about how to ensure press cooperation by limiting access to our special events to those in the media who share our views.¶ Today I would like to take a moment to commend the art world for its strategic integration of women, and bring to your attention the fact that some of the tactics we developed for gender management have also been useful to you. (Fusco 98-99)

Beller writes....
 2009 (Jonathan, “The Art of War, Or Coco Fusco's Occupation,” Nka: Journal of Contemporary African Art, Number 24, 2009, pp. 30-39, Duke University Press, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/nka/summary/v024/24.beller.html, Pg. 7, KD)
Two other Fusco works, the illustrated¶ "Coercive Techiques" in her book
AND
on the¶ Other necessary for the justification and enforcement¶ of slavery.

“The interrogator’s job is to extract the data that can prevent unanticipated enemy strikes
AND
can enjoy your way of life in a free world. (100) 

Denike 2008 (Margaret, “The Human Rights of Others: Sovereignty, Legitimacy, and ‘Just Causes’ for the ‘War on Terror,’” Hypatia, Vol 23, No 2, Spring 2008, pp. 95-121, Published by Indiana University Press, Project Muse, Pg. 9-11, KD)
From its outset, the official state discourses that have urged, supported, and
AND
in saving helpless female victims from racialized¶ and demonized incarnations of evil.
In the wake of the scandal at Abu Ghraib, the media and the public became preoccupied with portraying Lynndie England, a woman who participated in these forms of torture, as a victim of circumstance.
Fusco 2008 (Coco, “A Field Guide for Female Interrogators,” New York: Sevens Stories Press, Pg. 22-24, KD)
It seems to ma that my society succeeded in psychically suppressing the ethical crisis wrought
AND
it will stop. They don’t get to say “No means no.”

However, not all women meet the criteria of purity and victimhood. They are punished by the same demands on the state that have liberated white womyn.
Kaufman 2013
 Nicole PhD Student in Sociology, University of Wisconsin, June 17th, Beth E Richie, Arrested Justice: Black Women, Violence, and America’s Prison Nation, New York, University Press: New York and London  http://pun.sagepub.com/content/15/3/330
This book is an essential Black feminist complement and corrective to mainstream work on mass
AND
the ‘prison nation’ while simultaneously addressing the conditions of women and others.

White racialized identity requires the creation of a threat as a rallying cry to justify violent consensus building.  The impact is genocidal messianism through interventionism.
Martinot, 2003
(Steve, lecturer at San Francisco State University in the Center for Interdisciplinary Programs, “The Cultural Roots of Interventionism in the US,” Social Justice Vol. 30, No. 1 (2003), pp. 19-20)

American nationalism took a slightly different turn after the revolution; it found itself enmeshed
AND
as well as a violently enforced allegiance to it. (ableism modified)

we are white and our advocacy does not negate or absolve us from that privilege. However, being silent spectators to whiteness makes us indistinguishable from the white mob.
Yancy, 2004
George, “Fragments of a Social Ontology of Whiteness”, in What White Looks Like, ed. George Yancy, p xxiii-xxv Ph.D. in Philosophy from Duquesne University,
As long as whiteness constitutes an ensemble of power relations that places whites in positions
AND
spectacle. It is enough that you are a white, silent witness.

ACT II 

So here is a list of recommendations from your allies in uniform. We’ve just adapted the strategies we use to suit your more free-wheeling domain.
Remember that the goal is to find every way to make women’s achievement seem antithetical to feminist politics. Make sure to show that lots of attractive and appealing women already cooperate in, if not lead, this process:

1. DON’T DENY, CONTAIN
   Give feminism a place in art history as part of the past, thereby burying it so it will not be seen as a force among the living.
   2. TOKENISM, NOT QUOTAS
   Reward female conservatives so that they may serve as role models.
   YOU’VE GOTTA HAVE FRIENDS
   Enlist sympathizers in the media to argue that the financial success of an excessively visible minority of women artists is an obvious indicator that feminism achieved all its goals for the arts and is therefore obsolete.
   BITCH YOUR WAY TO THE BANK
   Celebrate rebellion for rebellion’s sake. This strategy is especially effective for channeling the energies of recruits who seek to be the kind of “bad girls” that attract favorable attention. Erratic behavior and erotic exhibitionism can fill the tabloids, be emblazoned on the labels of hip women’s products, or be easily sold at numerous prominent art galleries.
   FAIR AND BALANCED
   Aim for “balance” in public discourse by giving opponents to feminism a place at every table as if they were a disadvantaged minority in need of affirmative action. This helps to create the impression that feminism is hegemonic, even though the social and political conditions of women in the world suggest the opposite.

Drawing out our psychic motivations for the disavowal of violence moves beyond empty empathy and spectacle that desensisitives us.
Oliver 2k7 Kelly, Prof of philosophy at Vanderbilt university, women as weapons of war; Iraq, sex, and the media,159-162

As I have argued elsewhere, creating meaning is not jumping outside of one's cultural
AND
a group of isolated individuals contractually bound only by rules of market exchange. 

This violence is not created out there, or by the USFG, it is made understandable and desirable by what we learn in the classroom. In a world defined by the profound violence of marginalized bodies, we are ethically obligated to be radical teachers. This genocidal regime makes every impact inevitable. Our aff is an abolitionist ped
Rodriguez, 2010
(Dylan, Professor and Chair of the Department of Ethnic Studies at UC Riverside, “Disorientation of the Teaching Act: Abolition as Pedagogical Position”, Radical Teacher, Number 88, Summer 2010, p. 7-19)

Perhaps, then, there is no viable or defensible pedagogical position other than an
AND
is significantly dependent on our willingness to embrace this form of pedagogical audacity.

Tournament: Districts | Round: 3 | Opponent: Wyoming MP | Judge: Omar
ACT I - The Interrogators 

Many of us in the military feel a kinship with those of you in the
AND
gender management have also been useful to you. (98-99)

Beller writes....
 2009 (Jonathan, “The Art of War, Or Coco Fusco's Occupation,” Nka: Journal of Contemporary African Art, Number 24, 2009, pp. 30-39, Duke University Press, http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/nka/summary/v024/24.beller.html, Pg. 7, KD)
Two other Fusco works, the illustrated¶ "Coercive Techiques" in her book
AND
on the¶ Other necessary for the justification and enforcement¶ of slavery.

“The interrogator’s job is to extract the data that can prevent unanticipated enemy strikes
AND
can enjoy your way of life in a free world. (100) 

Denike 2008 (Margaret, “The Human Rights of Others: Sovereignty, Legitimacy, and ‘Just Causes’ for the ‘War on Terror,’” Hypatia, Vol 23, No 2, Spring 2008, pp. 95-121, Published by Indiana University Press, Project Muse, Pg. 9-11, KD)
From its outset, the official state discourses that have urged, supported, and
AND
in saving helpless female victims from racialized¶ and demonized incarnations of evil.
The rights of womyn has been a major justification of the “War on Terror” this process has lead to an obfuscation of how the state of womyn has been declining.
Denike 2008 (Margaret, “The Human Rights of Others: Sovereignty, Legitimacy, and ‘Just Causes’ for the ‘War on Terror,’” Hypatia, Vol 23, No 2, Spring 2008, pp. 95-121, Published by Indiana University Press, Project Muse, Pg. 11-13, KD)
Many commentators have noted the extent to which the U.S.–led invasion
AND
the gendered politics of Western imperialism’s investment¶ in so-called security.

In the wake of the scandal at Abu Ghraib, the media and the public became preoccupied with portraying Lynndie England, a woman who participated in these forms of torture, as a victim of circumstance.
Fusco 2008 (Coco, “A Field Guide for Female Interrogators,” New York: Sevens Stories Press, Pg. 22-24, KD)
It seems to ma that my society succeeded in psychically suppressing the ethical crisis wrought
AND
it will stop. They don’t get to say “No means no.”

However, not all women meet the criteria of purity and victimhood. They are punished by the same demands on the state that have liberated white womyn.
Kaufman 2013
 Nicole PhD Student in Sociology, University of Wisconsin, June 17th, Beth E Richie, Arrested Justice: Black Women, Violence, and America’s Prison Nation, New York, University Press: New York and London  http://pun.sagepub.com/content/15/3/330
This book is an essential Black feminist complement and corrective to mainstream work on mass
AND
the ‘prison nation’ while simultaneously addressing the conditions of women and others.

The affirmative's representation of female interrogators brings meaning to the empty spectacle of violence in the War on Terror. When representation becomes disconnected from our daily psychic life, we invest in sadomaschistic racial violence as part of our own liberation.?
Oliver 2k7 Kelly, Prof of philosophy at Vanderbilt university, women as weapons of war; Iraq, sex, and the media, p. 140-2

When continued questioning and interpretation are the heart of representation, it is a form
AND
, bruised, and bleeding bodies, perverse pleasure replaces passion for life. 

White racialized identity requires the creation of a threat as a rallying cry to justify violent consensus building.  The impact is genocidal messianism through interventionism.
Martinot, 2003
(Steve, lecturer at San Francisco State University in the Center for Interdisciplinary Programs, “The Cultural Roots of Interventionism in the US,” Social Justice Vol. 30, No. 1 (2003), pp. 19-20)

American nationalism took a slightly different turn after the revolution; it found itself enmeshed
AND
as well as a violently enforced allegiance to it. (ableism modified)

we are white and our advocacy does not negate or absolve us from that privilege. However, being silent spectators to whiteness makes us indistinguishable from the zimmermans of the world.
Yancy, 2004
George, “Fragments of a Social Ontology of Whiteness”, in What White Looks Like, ed. George Yancy, p xxiii-xxv Ph.D. in Philosophy from Duquesne University,
As long as whiteness constitutes an ensemble of power relations that places whites in positions
AND
spectacle. It is enough that you are a white, silent witness.

ACT II 

Drawing out our psychic motivations for the disavowal of violence moves beyond empty empathy and spectacle that desensisitives us.
Oliver 2k7 Kelly, Prof of philosophy at Vanderbilt university, women as weapons of war; Iraq, sex, and the media,159-162

As I have argued elsewhere, creating meaning is not jumping outside of one's cultural
AND
a group of isolated individuals contractually bound only by rules of market exchange. 

This violence is not created out there, or by the USFG, it is made understandable and desirable by what we learn in the classroom. In a world defined by the profound violence of marginalized bodies, we are ethically obligated to be radical teachers. This genocidal regime makes every impact inevitable.
Rodriguez, 2010
(Dylan, Professor and Chair of the Department of Ethnic Studies at UC Riverside, “Disorientation of the Teaching Act: Abolition as Pedagogical Position”, Radical Teacher, Number 88, Summer 2010, p. 7-19)

Perhaps, then, there is no viable or defensible pedagogical position other than an
AND
is significantly dependent on our willingness to embrace this form of pedagogical audacity.

Any move to methodologically bracket out our discussion cannot be viewed as value neutral, it is the worst form of conservatism favoring the established order at the expense of the oppressed.
Meszaros 89 (Istvan, likes Marx not Adam Smith. The Power of Ideology, p 232-234)
Nowhere is the myth of ideological neutrality – the self-proclaimed Wertfreiheit or value
AND
relationship between methods and values which no social theory or philosophy can escape.

Tournament: Gonzaga | Round: 2 | Opponent: ASU CM | Judge: Ryan Cheek
Contention 1: Flawed information disclosure and flawed research
Nongovernmental institutions are currently able to suppress important, wartime political debate under the guise that they are “private actors.” The label “private” has meant that we don’t need to worry about the activities of the organization. We only care about the censorship if it is committed by a “public” entity
Magarian 2004 (Gregory P., Professor of Law and Israel Treiman Faculty Fellow at Washington University Law, J.D from the University of Michigan, well-known expert in free speech, the law of politics, and law and religion,  “The First Amendment, The Public-Private Distinction, and Nongovernmental Suppression of Wartime Political Debate,” Villanova University School of Law, School of Law Working Paper Series, Year 2004, Paper 6, http://law.bepress.com/villanovalwps/art6, Pg. 84, KD)
The American ideal that sovereignty
AND
debate, they all offend the First Amendment.
The public/private division in international relations and constitutional discussions allows us to continually ignore problems the mainstream thinkers don’t care to discuss. This kind of political ignorance is dangerous in that we will never be able to fully comprehend the “causes” of war. Feminist thinking is key because it focuses on the microlevel and combines seemingly mutually exclusive strategies of understanding
Youngs 2004 (Gillian, “Feminist International Relations: a¶ contradiction in terms? Or: why women¶ and gender are essential to understanding¶ the world ‘we’ live in,” International Affairs 80, I (2004) 75-87, Pg. 8-10 KD)
Sovereignty is a core concept in International
AND
contribute to insecurity, broadly defined.27
*ableism modified
Effective political deliberation is key to good policymaking; dissent is an integral part of that deliberation as to avoid groupthink. Eliminating the censorship by nongovernmental organizations is key.
Magarian 2004 (Gregory P., Professor of Law and Israel Treiman Faculty Fellow at Washington University Law, J.D from the University of Michigan, well-known expert in free speech, the law of politics, and law and religion,  “The First Amendment, The Public-Private Distinction, and Nongovernmental Suppression of Wartime Political Debate,” Villanova University School of Law, School of Law Working Paper Series, Year 2004, Paper 6, http://law.bepress.com/villanovalwps/art6, Pg. 18-19, KD)
History bears out Meiklejohn’s emphasis
AND
debate encouraged wise policy choices.84
*ableism modified
The censorship of information and the ability of “private” organizations to pick and choose what information to share is precisely the way that debaters prioritize certain arguments.
The debate community places undue emphasis on existential impacts – this calculus has gained epistemological privilege that requires low burden of proof due to assumptions and preferences of discourse advanced by individuals isolated from everyday impacts of social hierarchies like colonialism – must actively displace this dominant understanding of violence by over-privileging “everyday” violence like poverty and political repression.
Scheper-Hughes and Bourgois 04-- Nancy and Philippe, Prof of Anthropology @ Cal-Berkely; Prof of Anthropology @ UPenn, Making Sense of Violence, in Violence in War and Peace, pg. 19-22 (MI)
This large and at first sight "messy"
AND
the technologies of heightened personal security.

Our focus on “big impact” arguments tends to foreclose a discussion of our interpersonal relationships and systemic problems. Debate is only a collection of shared understandings and explicit or implicit rules for interaction. Wins and losses are our currency, and we should use this place, space, and time – the alternative is forfeiting the only power we have. We may not be able to immediately enact federal policy, but we can change the community that we participate in.
Bjork 93 (Rebecca Bjork, former college debater, coach, and professor in ‘93 (former college debater and former associate professor at the University of Utah, where she taught graduate and undergraduate courses in Communication and Women in Debate, Reflections on the Ongoing Struggle, Debater's Research Guide 1992-1993: Wake Forest University.Symposium, web.archive.org/web/20011012220529/members.aol.com/womynindebate/article3.htm)
While reflecting on my experiences
AND
we give up the only real power that we have.
*ableism modified
There are problems in the debate community that fall victim to the public/private divide. Just as there are issues that occur “in the home” that people choose to ignore, there are issues that happen in our activity that people choose not to discuss.
Womyn in debate struggle to come to terms with hidden sexual violence. While this may be an issue that everyone knows about, most also regard it as “none of their business; something that the individuals involved will have to deal with themselves.”
The community generally ignores the problem and when it is forced into attention, the womyn is further victimized by having to prove that it occurred and that she was not “asking for it”
Eisenberg (Stephanie, San Francisco State University, “Speaking from the Margins: Negotiating Barriers to Women’s Participation and Success in Policy Debate,” KD)

While I initially planned to explore barriers primarily
AND
also becomes part of the public record.
Contention 2: Protector v. Protected, Don’t Talk Back
The protector/protected status of homeland security is very similar to the dynamic in male/female relationships, to be a “good” citizen one must passively accept the limitations on freedom. If one begins to protest or be autonomous, they will be considered a “bad” citizen and risk becoming an enemy of the state.
Young 2003 (Iris Marion, “Feminist Reactions to the Contemporary Security Regime,” Hypatia, Vol 18, No 1, Winter 2003, pp. 223-231, Indiana University Press, Pg. 6-7 KD)
The logic of masculinist protection
AND
may be tapped or our email correspondence¶ monitored.
Feminist studies must adopt an ideal of dissensus when addressing different social and cultural assumptions. We need to be able to identify and acknowledge the problems we see in politics and in debate without being ostracized. Otherwise interests and discourses will continue to be homogenized

Grebowicz 2005 (Margret, Goucher College, Philosophy and Religion, Faculty Member, “Consensus, Dissensus, and Democracy: What Is at Stake in Feminist Science Studies?” Philosophy of Science , vol. 72, no. 5, pp. 989-1000, 2005, KD)

However, the notion that an objective
AND
especially the ones which claim to be universal.

The debate community is fractured; this is what makes it beautiful. Founding community based on a linguistic commonality destroys difference, their framework requires homogeneity and the destruction of all perspectives that are deemed outside of it

Secomb 2000 (Linnell, a lecturer in Gender Studies at the University of Sydney, “Fractured Community,” Hypatia, Vol 15, No 2, Spring 2000, pp 138-139)

This reformulated universalist model
AND
assume homogeneity and transparency.
*ableism modified
This kind of assimilation is what womyn in debate experience. Womyn are socialized to negotiate their subjectivity in the debate community, they must accept and adopt essentialist qualities while still being competitive under the “good debater” standard.
Schwartz-DuPre 2006 (Rae Lynn, “Women In Debate: From Virtual to Material,” Contemporary Argumentation and Debaet, Vol. 27, 2006, Pg. 3-4, KD)
When outsiders ask about debate
AND
into argument construction and coaching.
Contention 3: What are we to do about it?
We should analyze international relations and security practices of the United States from a feminist vantage point to understand why presidential war powers should be decreased.
Feminist critical policy analysis like that of the affirmative is key to overcoming power asymmetries in the political realm
Bensimon and Marshall 2003 (Estela Mara and Catherine Marshall, “Like It or Not: Feminist Critical Policy Analysis Matters” The Journal of Higher Education , Vol. 74, No. 3 (May - Jun., 2003), Ohio State University Press, http://www.jstor.org/stable/3648276, pp. 338-339, KD)

We assume that not all readers
AND
interpretation of equality and fairness (Hawkesworth, 1994).
The universalism and clear objectives/foundation of IR is based on literature and theories that are staunchly anti-feminist. Even if that was just the time period, as academics and scholars we should go back and reevaluate the foundation this field has to ensure there is not sexist discrimination (or at least none that we can stop)
Tickner 1997 (J. Ann, “You Just Don’t Understand: Troubled Engagements Between Feminists and IR Theorists,” International Studies Quarterly, volume 41, number 4, Dec 1997, pp. 611-632, http://www.jstor.org/stable/2600855 Pg. 8, KD)
The Kantian ethic, a progressive
AND
with international theorists difficult.

Tournament: Gonzaga | Round: Semis | Opponent: UMKC JW | Judge:
Sovereignty genders our political identities, defining it along lines of the "public" sphere of deliberation, state politics, while relegating the "private" the home to pure domesticity.
Youngs 2004 (Gillian, “Feminist International Relations: a¶ contradiction in terms? Or: why women¶ and gender are essential to understanding¶ the world ‘we’ live in,” International Affairs 80, I (2004) 75-87, Pg. 8-10 KD)
Sovereignty is a core concept in International Relations because it defines¶ the pre-
AND
relations, including gender hierarchies,¶ contribute to insecurity, broadly defined.27
*ableism modified
Legal recourse forces the womyn to be further victimized by having to prove that it occurred and that she was not “asking for it”
Our ideal masculine debator is expected to sever themselves from these violences to have the debate itself. Prioritizing the stability of debate, or the community, and privitzing violence against womyn.
Eisenberg (Stephanie, San Francisco State University, “Speaking from the Margins: Negotiating Barriers to Women’s Participation and Success in Policy Debate,” KD)

While I initially planned to explore barriers primarily related to style and content of¶
AND
their credibility as¶ victims but also becomes part of the public record.

This measure of an ideal debater creates the conditions for coercive sexual relations. Sex becomes the currency by which our legitimacy in the community is established.
Becca Rothfield writes....
http://dmouth.com/blog/2013/9/25/the-girl-who-magically-transcendedovercame-her-femininity 

Similarly, sexual consent isn’t always a matter of ostensible agreement; it’s at least
AND
And retrospectively, I don’t feel flattered. I feel mistrustful and wounded.
Luckily for me, debate is a national activity, so many of the advances I’ve mentioned never ended up translating into real-world interactions—largely because I artfully avoided them, appealing to exhaustion and occasionally fictional diseases. Nonetheless, my experience wasn’t ideal. I said yes, but I didn’t want to.

The (usually male judge) is always already in a position of power vis a vis women and their sexuality. The only question is whether to maintain the silence, or to recapture the ballot through an explicit politicization.
 Debate is only a collection of shared understandings and explicit or implicit rules for interaction. Wins and losses are our currency, and we should use this place, space, and time – the alternative is forfeiting the only power we have. We may not be able to immediately enact federal policy, but we can change the community that we participate in.
Bjork 93 (Rebecca Bjork, former college debater, coach, and professor in ‘93 (former college debater and former associate professor at the University of Utah, where she taught graduate and undergraduate courses in Communication and Women in Debate, Reflections on the Ongoing Struggle, Debater's Research Guide 1992-1993: Wake Forest University.Symposium, web.archive.org/web/20011012220529/members.aol.com/womynindebate/article3.htm)
While reflecting on my experiences as a woman in academic debate in preparation for this
AND
do so, we give up the only real power that we have.
*ableism modified

The assurance that we will be alright, as long as we appeal to the good hearts of men in power, establishes paternalism and female passivity. Implicit in this is a threat of violence as punishment for female autonomy.
Young 2003 (Iris Marion, “Feminist Reactions to the Contemporary Security Regime,” Hypatia, Vol 18, No 1, Winter 2003, pp. 223-231, Indiana University Press, Pg. 6-7 KD)
The logic of masculinist protection constitutes the “good” men who protect¶ their
AND
a result our phones may be tapped or our email correspondence¶ monitored.

Linguistic commonality requires homogeneity and the destruction of all perspectives that are deemed outside of it. Sameness destroys the debate community. 

Secomb 2000 (Linnell, a lecturer in Gender Studies at the University of Sydney, “Fractured Community,” Hypatia, Vol 15, No 2, Spring 2000, pp 138-139)

This reformulated universalist model of community would be founded on “a moral conversation in
AND
the dominant modes of authoritative and rational conversation that assume homogeneity and transparency.
*ableism modified
While expected competitively to uphold the masculine ideal of a good debater, they are punished socially for the same. Essentialism requires us to be physically attractive, nurturing, and to not cause any rifts...But if, and that's rare, a woman chooses to continue her career in debate she assumes  her role as a mother in the sexualized division of labor.
Schwartz-DuPre 2006 (Rae Lynn, “Women In Debate: From Virtual to Material,” Contemporary Argumentation and Debaet, Vol. 27, 2006, Pg. 3-4, KD)
When outsiders ask about debate I often compare the¶ competition to a tennis match
AND
level of commitment their male peers¶ do into argument construction and coaching.
Power assymetries can't be resolved by simply adding more womyn. What's the point of including people in a space that is unsafe for them? We must begin with the structural imbalances within debate.  
Bensimon and Marshall 2003 (Estela Mara and Catherine Marshall, “Like It or Not: Feminist Critical Policy Analysis Matters” The Journal of Higher Education , Vol. 74, No. 3 (May - Jun., 2003), Ohio State University Press, http://www.jstor.org/stable/3648276, pp. 338-339, KD)

We assume that not all readers will be familiar with the book chapter¶ that
AND
represents the¶ liberal interpretation of equality and fairness (Hawkesworth, 1994).

Tournament: NA | Round: 1 | Opponent: NA | Judge: NA
This is in regards to every aff for the first semester on our caselist:

Trigger Warning: Sexual violence, coercion, retaliation

If you feel these arguments will impede your ability to debate us, please contact us ahead of time and we are willing to work out accommodations individually. Please email us at dotykend@isu.edu or misslindsayv@gmail.com

Tournament: Kentucky | Round: 1 | Opponent: Wake | Judge:
Sovereignty genders our political identities, defining it along lines of the "public" sphere of deliberation, state politics, while relegating the "private" the home to pure domesticity.
Youngs 2004 (Gillian, “Feminist International Relations: a¶ contradiction in terms? Or: why women¶ and gender are essential to understanding¶ the world ‘we’ live in,” International Affairs 80, I (2004) 75-87, Pg. 8-10 KD)
Sovereignty is a core concept

AND

contribute to insecurity, broadly defined.27
*ableism modified

This measure of an ideal debater creates the conditions for coercive sexual relations. Sex becomes the currency by which our legitimacy in the community is established.
Becca Rothfield writes....
http://dmouth.com/blog/2013/9/25/the-girl-who-magically-transcendedovercame-her-femininity 

Similarly, sexual consent isn’t

AND

said yes, but I didn’t want to.

Debate is only a collection of shared understandings and explicit or implicit rules for interaction. Wins and losses are our currency, and we should use this place, space, and time – the alternative is forfeiting the only power we have. We may not be able to immediately enact federal policy, but we can change the community that we participate in.
Bjork 93 (Rebecca Bjork, former college debater, coach, and professor in ‘93 (former college debater and former associate professor at the University of Utah, where she taught graduate and undergraduate courses in Communication and Women in Debate, Reflections on the Ongoing Struggle, Debater's Research Guide 1992-1993: Wake Forest University.Symposium, web.archive.org/web/20011012220529/members.aol.com/womynindebate/article3.htm)
While reflecting on my experiences
AND
give up the only real power that we have.
*ableism modified

The assurance that we will be alright, as long as we appeal to the good hearts of men in power, establishes paternalism and female passivity. Implicit in this is a threat of violence as punishment for female autonomy.
Young 2003 (Iris Marion, “Feminist Reactions to the Contemporary Security Regime,” Hypatia, Vol 18, No 1, Winter 2003, pp. 223-231, Indiana University Press, Pg. 6-7 KD)
The logic of masculinist protection

AND
may be tapped or our email correspondence¶ monitored.

In debate, women participants are expected to adopt masculine styles of communication in terms of their arguments, style and evidence.

Eisenberg (Stephanie, San Francisco State University, “Speaking from the Margins: Negotiating Barriers to Women’s Participation and Success in Policy Debate,” KD)

While the focus of this study is more concerned

AND

strategic performances of masculinity.
Linguistic commonality requires homogeneity and the destruction of all perspectives that are deemed outside of it. Sameness destroys the debate community. 

Secomb 2000 (Linnell, a lecturer in Gender Studies at the University of Sydney, “Fractured Community,” Hypatia, Vol 15, No 2, Spring 2000, pp 138-139)

This reformulated universalist

AND

and rational conversation that assume homogeneity and transparency.
*ableism modified
While expected competitively to uphold the masculine ideal of a good debater, they are punished socially for the same. Essentialism requires us to be physically attractive, nurturing, and to not cause any rifts...But if, and that's rare, a woman chooses to continue her career in debate she assumes  her role as a mother in the sexualized division of labor.
Schwartz-DuPre 2006 (Rae Lynn, “Women In Debate: From Virtual to Material,” Contemporary Argumentation and Debaet, Vol. 27, 2006, Pg. 3-4, KD)
When outsiders ask about debate I often

AND

into argument construction and coaching.

Power assymetries can't be resolved by simply adding more womyn. What's the point of including people in a space that is unsafe for them? We must begin with the structural imbalances within debate.  
Bensimon and Marshall 2003 (Estela Mara and Catherine Marshall, “Like It or Not: Feminist Critical Policy Analysis Matters” The Journal of Higher Education , Vol. 74, No. 3 (May - Jun., 2003), Ohio State University Press, http://www.jstor.org/stable/3648276, pp. 338-339, KD)

We assume that not all readers

AND

liberal interpretation of equality and fairness (Hawkesworth, 1994).

The debate community places undue emphasis on existential impacts – this calculus has gained epistemological privilege that requires low burden of proof due to assumptions and preferences of discourse advanced by individuals isolated from everyday impacts of social hierarchies like colonialism – must actively displace this dominant understanding of violence by over-privileging “everyday” violence like poverty and political repression.
Scheper-Hughes and Bourgois 04-- Nancy and Philippe, Prof of Anthropology @ Cal-Berkely; Prof of Anthropology @ UPenn, Making Sense of Violence, in Violence in War and Peace, pg. 19-22 (MI)
This large and at first sight "messy"

AND

the technologies of heightened personal security.
*ableism modified

Tournament: Texas | Round: 3 | Opponent: Concordia | Judge: Phillip DiPiazza
Berlant 93
Lauren "The Queen of America Goes to Washington City " American Literature, Vol. 65, No. 3, Subjects and Citizens: Nation, Race, and Gender from Oroonoko to Anita Hill. (Sep., 1993), pp. 549-574. Duke Univ Press. George M. Pullman Distinguished Service Professor @ U Chicago MI

When Anita Hill, Harriet Jacobs, and

AND

national-democratic protections.
the reason it continued as long as it did was that I was alone and uncertain of what would happen if I went through institutional channels. After awhile, I stopped saying no. Coercion isn't always a matter of violence but cultural power relations. While there were obviously people who would have helped had I reached out, I didn't have any female role models or close friends. The feeling of isolation and abandonment is still the worst part.
We might all agree in theory on the importance of diversity and participation, but we are unwilling to be vigilant and make those tough choices. Sexual violence occurs through a non-exhaustive matrix of norms that become quotidian through repetition. Most perpetrators have no conception of themselves as such, and everyone else sees it as none of their business. Hypervigilance is necessary to create a new culture.  The only alternative is colluding with the process of making some bodies property for the enactment of white masculine fantasies.
Berlant 93
Lauren "The Queen of America Goes to Washington City " American Literature, Vol. 65, No. 3, Subjects and Citizens: Nation, Race, and Gender from Oroonoko to Anita Hill. (Sep., 1993), pp. 549-574. Duke Univ Press. George M. Pullman Distinguished Service Professor @ U Chicago MI

When you are born into a national

AND

indeed the promise, of citizenship.

Rapists and predators aren't all skeezes in trench-coats leering at underage girls, they're your best friends, run important programs, they have respect and credibility. These norms are naturalized through repetition, every round is key to establishing a culture of vigilance around the systemic exclusion of bodies.
Hutchinson 99
Darren, “Ignoring the Sexualization of Race: Heteronormativity, Critical Race Theory and Anti-Racist Politics,” 47 Buffalo Law Review 1, Winter, asst. prof. @ SMU
On a simple, minimally deconstructive

AND

discourse and critical race theory.

Sex is the currency by which our legitimacy in the community is established. The public sphere, here in debate as elsewhere, is universal and disembodied. What happens "out there" in the realm of "real politics" grooms debators to disavow the private sphere, relegate it squad rooms and hotel parties.
Youngs 2004 (Gillian, “Feminist International Relations: a¶ contradiction in terms? Or: why women¶ and gender are essential to understanding¶ the world ‘we’ live in,” International Affairs 80, I (2004) 75-87, Pg. 8-10 KD)
Sovereignty is a core concept in

AND

insecurity, broadly defined.27
*ableism modified

The debate community places undue emphasis on existential impacts – this calculus has gained epistemological privilege that requires low burden of proof due to assumptions and preferences of discourse advanced by individuals isolated from everyday impacts of social hierarchies like colonialism – must actively displace this dominant understanding of violence by over-privileging “everyday” violence like poverty and political repression.
Scheper-Hughes and Bourgois 04-- Nancy and Philippe, Prof of Anthropology @ Cal-Berkely; Prof of Anthropology @ UPenn, Making Sense of Violence, in Violence in War and Peace, pg. 19-22 (MI)
This large and at first sight "messy"

AND

the technologies of heightened personal security.
*ableism modified

Linguistic commonality requires homogeneity and the destruction of all perspectives that are deemed outside of it. Sameness destroys the debate community.
Secomb 2000 (Linnell, a lecturer in Gender Studies at the University of Sydney, “Fractured Community,” Hypatia, Vol 15, No 2, Spring 2000, pp 138-139)

This reformulated universalist model

AND

homogeneity and transparency.
*ableism modified

Our method is an affective intervention into debate - the emphasis on the materiality of suffering transforms empathy into energy for praxis. in the pedagogical setting of the classroom, and ethic of witnessing breaks down the mechanisms by which privilege denies the materiality of the suffering of others. It creates the ethical conditions in which feelings of trauma and shame can be transformed into energy for praxis and responsibility.
Zembylas 08
, asst. prof. of edu. @ Open University of Cyprus, 2008
(Michalinos, “Bearing Witness to the Ethics and Politics of Suffering: J. M. Coetzee’s Disgrace, Inconsolable Mourning, and the Task of Educators,” April, Online)

A critical approach to witnessing trauma

AND

orthodoxy of postcolonial narrative. 

Even though your ballot may not change the structures of the state it represents an ethical commitment to contesting racism within the institution of debate. Competition is precisely what makes our alternative work.
Reid-Brinkley, 2008
Shanara, The Harsh Realities Of “Acting Black”: How African-American Policy Debaters Negotiate Representation Through Racial Performance And Style, http://www.comm.pitt.edu/faculty/documents/reid-brinkley_shanara_r_200805_phd.pdf Assistant Professor of African American Studies and Communications and former Director of Debate at the University of Pittsburgh MI
Although the Louisville team provides

AND

stance for the Project members.

Competition forces an encounter in rounds that does not shut down the movement, but forces us to be innovative and tests our solution. Debate rounds are key to developing solutions through a dialectical process.  
Partlow and Rowland 2002 (Sarah T., Professor of Communication and Director of Debate at Idaho State University, and Robert, “On Defining Argument as a Purpose Oriented Genre: A Feminist Defense of Argument and Debate,” Arguing Communication and Culture, (Ed.) G. Thomas Goodnight, 2002, Pg. 3-4, KD)
The underlying purpose served

AND

in an argumentative¶ process.

Speaking about subjectivity in debate offers little points of disruptions allowing debaters and judges to become reflexive about the way they participate in the community
Eisenberg (Stephanie, San Francisco State University, “Speaking from the Margins: Negotiating Barriers to Women’s Participation and Success in Policy Debate,” KD)

Other women chose

AND

to a moment of reflexivity.

Tournament: Texas Two Step | Round: 5 | Opponent: Wyo FT | Judge: Sarah Topp
WE READ A PERSONAL NARRATIVE REGARDING SEXUAL VIOLENCE THAT MAY TRIGGER PSYCHOLOGICAL REACTIONS

Berlant 93
Lauren "The Queen of America Goes to Washington City " American Literature, Vol. 65, No. 3, Subjects and Citizens: Nation, Race, and Gender from Oroonoko to Anita Hill. (Sep., 1993), pp. 549-574. Duke Univ Press. George M. Pullman Distinguished Service Professor @ U Chicago MI

When Anita Hill, Harriet Jacobs, and

AND

of national-democratic protections.

We might all agree in theory on the importance of diversity and participation, but we are unwilling to be vigilant and make those tough choices. Sexual violence occurs through a non-exhaustive matrix of norms that become quotidian through repetition. Most perpetrators have no conception of themselves as such, and everyone else sees it as none of their business. Hypervigilance is necessary to create a new culture.  The only alternative is colluding with the process of making some bodies property for the enactment of white masculine fantasies.
Berlant 93
Lauren "The Queen of America Goes to Washington City " American Literature, Vol. 65, No. 3, Subjects and Citizens: Nation, Race, and Gender from Oroonoko to Anita Hill. (Sep., 1993), pp. 549-574. Duke Univ Press. George M. Pullman Distinguished Service Professor @ U Chicago MI

When you are born

AND

indeed the promise, of citizenship.

Rapists and predators aren't all skeezes in trench-coats leering at underage girls, they're your best friends, run important programs, they have respect and credibility. These norms are naturalized through repetition, every round is key to establishing a culture of vigilance around the systemic exclusion of bodies.
Hutchinson 99
Darren, “Ignoring the Sexualization of Race: Heteronormativity, Critical Race Theory and Anti-Racist Politics,” 47 Buffalo Law Review 1, Winter, asst. prof. @ SMU

One of the most powerful manifestations

AND

historically oppressed social groups. (ableism modified)

Celebratory multiculturalism hijacks these discussions ---- It is not about the recognition of "women" as necessarily needing to be included but changing the way debate culture operates.
Hutchinson 99
Darren, “Ignoring the Sexualization of Race: Heteronormativity, Critical Race Theory and Anti-Racist Politics,” 47 Buffalo Law Review 1, Winter, asst. prof. @ SMU
On a simple, minimally deconstructive

AND

anti-racist discourse and critical race theory.

Sex is the currency by which our legitimacy in the community is established. The public sphere, here in debate as elsewhere, is universal and disembodied. What happens "out there" in the realm of "real politics" grooms debators to disavow the private sphere, relegate it squad rooms and hotel parties.
Youngs 2004 (Gillian, “Feminist International Relations: a¶ contradiction in terms? Or: why women¶ and gender are essential to understanding¶ the world ‘we’ live in,” International Affairs 80, I (2004) 75-87, Pg. 8-10 KD)
Sovereignty is a core

AND

to insecurity, broadly defined.27
*ableism modified

The debate community places undue emphasis on existential impacts – this calculus has gained epistemological privilege that requires low burden of proof due to assumptions and preferences of discourse advanced by individuals isolated from everyday impacts of social hierarchies like colonialism – must actively displace this dominant understanding of violence by over-privileging “everyday” violence like poverty and political repression.
Scheper-Hughes and Bourgois 04-- Nancy and Philippe, Prof of Anthropology @ Cal-Berkely; Prof of Anthropology @ UPenn, Making Sense of Violence, in Violence in War and Peace, pg. 19-22 (MI)
This large and at first sight "messy"

AND

the technologies of heightened personal security.
*ableism modified

Linguistic commonality requires homogeneity and the destruction of all perspectives that are deemed outside of it. Sameness destroys the debate community. 

Secomb 2000 (Linnell, a lecturer in Gender Studies at the University of Sydney, “Fractured Community,” Hypatia, Vol 15, No 2, Spring 2000, pp 138-139)

This reformulated universalist model

AND

assume homogeneity and transparency.
*ableism modified

Our method is an affective intervention into debate - the emphasis on the materiality of suffering transforms empathy into energy for praxis. in the pedagogical setting of the classroom, and ethic of witnessing breaks down the mechanisms by which privilege denies the materiality of the suffering of others. It creates the ethical conditions in which feelings of trauma and shame can be transformed into energy for praxis and responsibility.
Zembylas 08
, asst. prof. of edu. @ Open University of Cyprus, 2008
(Michalinos, “Bearing Witness to the Ethics and Politics of Suffering: J. M. Coetzee’s Disgrace, Inconsolable Mourning, and the Task of Educators,” April, Online)

A critical approach to witnessing

AND

orthodoxy of postcolonial narrative. 

Debate is only a collection of shared understandings and explicit or implicit rules for interaction. we should use this place, space, and time – the alternative is forfeiting the only power we have. We may not be able to immediately enact federal policy, but we can change the community that we participate in.
Bjork 93 (Rebecca Bjork, former college debater, coach, and professor in ‘93 (former college debater and former associate professor at the University of Utah, where she taught graduate and undergraduate courses in Communication and Women in Debate, Reflections on the Ongoing Struggle, Debater's Research Guide 1992-1993: Wake Forest University.Symposium, web.archive.org/web/20011012220529/members.aol.com/womynindebate/article3.htm)
While reflecting on my experiences as

AND

only real power that we have.
*ableism modified

Tournament: Wake | Round: 1 | Opponent: CLarion BC | Judge: Mike Krueger
WE READ A PERSONAL NARRATIVE REGARDING SEXUAL VIOLENCE THAT MAY TRIGGER PSYCHOLOGICAL REACTIONS

Berlant 93
Lauren "The Queen of America Goes to Washington City " American Literature, Vol. 65, No. 3, Subjects and Citizens: Nation, Race, and Gender from Oroonoko to Anita Hill. (Sep., 1993), pp. 549-574. Duke Univ Press. George M. Pullman Distinguished Service Professor @ U Chicago MI

When Anita Hill, Harriet Jacobs, and Frances Harper's

AND

the aegis of national-democratic protections.

Gratuitous sexual violence is not just a question of femininity, but the disembodiment that is required as entrance into the political. When marked by your vulnerability, the body becomes property for masculine fantasies.  
Berlant 93
Lauren "The Queen of America Goes to Washington City " American Literature, Vol. 65, No. 3, Subjects and Citizens: Nation, Race, and Gender from Oroonoko to Anita Hill. (Sep., 1993), pp. 549-574. Duke Univ Press. George M. Pullman Distinguished Service Professor @ U Chicago MI

When you are born into

AND

this is the cost,¶ indeed the promise, of citizenship.

Sovereignty genders our political identities, defining it along lines of the "public" sphere of deliberation, state politics, while relegating the "private" the home to pure domesticity.
Youngs 2004 (Gillian, “Feminist International Relations: a¶ contradiction in terms? Or: why women¶ and gender are essential to understanding¶ the world ‘we’ live in,” International Affairs 80, I (2004) 75-87, Pg. 8-10 KD)
Sovereignty is a core concept in

AND

contribute to insecurity, broadly defined.27
*ableism modified

CEDA Conventions can only take issue after the violence has already happened, and even then it is a traumatic process that requires we put our sexuality on trial as proof we "didn't want it" Even then though, no CEDA code can stop the backlashing and shaming.
This measure of an ideal debater creates the conditions for coercive sexual relations. Sex becomes the currency by which our legitimacy in the community is established.
Becca Rothfield writes....
http://dmouth.com/blog/2013/9/25/the-girl-who-magically-transcendedovercame-her-femininity 

Similarly, sexual consent isn’t

AND

wasn’t ideal. I said yes, but I didn’t want to.

The male judge is always already in a position of power vis a vis women and their sexuality. The only question is whether to maintain the silence, or to recapture the ballot through an explicit politicization.
Debate is only a collection of shared understandings and explicit or implicit rules for interaction. we should use this place, space, and time – the alternative is forfeiting the only power we have. We may not be able to immediately enact federal policy, but we can change the community that we participate in.
Bjork 93 (Rebecca Bjork, former college debater, coach, and professor in ‘93 (former college debater and former associate professor at the University of Utah, where she taught graduate and undergraduate courses in Communication and Women in Debate, Reflections on the Ongoing Struggle, Debater's Research Guide 1992-1993: Wake Forest University.Symposium, web.archive.org/web/20011012220529/members.aol.com/womynindebate/article3.htm)
While reflecting on my experiences as a woman

AND

the only real power that we have.
*ableism modified

The assurance that we will be alright, as long as we appeal to the good hearts of men in power, establishes paternalism and female passivity. Implicit in this is a threat of violence as punishment for female autonomy.
Young 2003 (Iris Marion, “Feminist Reactions to the Contemporary Security Regime,” Hypatia, Vol 18, No 1, Winter 2003, pp. 223-231, Indiana University Press, Pg. 6-7 KD)
The logic of masculinist protection

AND

our email correspondence¶ monitored.

In debate, women participants are expected to adopt masculine styles of communication in terms of their arguments, style and evidence.

Eisenberg (Stephanie, San Francisco State University, “Speaking from the Margins: Negotiating Barriers to Women’s Participation and Success in Policy Debate,” KD)

While the focus of this study is more concerned

AND

and deploy strategic performances of masculinity.
Linguistic commonality requires homogeneity and the destruction of all perspectives that are deemed outside of it. Sameness destroys the debate community. 

Secomb 2000 (Linnell, a lecturer in Gender Studies at the University of Sydney, “Fractured Community,” Hypatia, Vol 15, No 2, Spring 2000, pp 138-139)

This reformulated universalist model

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assume homogeneity and transparency.
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While expected competitively to uphold the masculine ideal of a good debater, they are punished socially for the same. Essentialism requires us to be physically attractive, nurturing, and to not cause any rifts...But if, and that's rare, a woman chooses to continue her career in debate she assumes  her role as a mother in the sexualized division of labor.
Schwartz-DuPre 2006 (Rae Lynn, “Women In Debate: From Virtual to Material,” Contemporary Argumentation and Debaet, Vol. 27, 2006, Pg. 3-4, KD)
When outsiders ask about debate I often

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into argument construction and coaching.
Power assymetries can't be resolved by simply adding more womyn. What's the point of including people in a space that is unsafe for them? We must begin with the structural imbalances within debate.  
Bensimon and Marshall 2003 (Estela Mara and Catherine Marshall, “Like It or Not: Feminist Critical Policy Analysis Matters” The Journal of Higher Education , Vol. 74, No. 3 (May - Jun., 2003), Ohio State University Press, http://www.jstor.org/stable/3648276, pp. 338-339, KD)

We assume that not all readers will be familiar

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liberal interpretation of equality and fairness (Hawkesworth, 1994).

The debate community places undue emphasis on existential impacts – this calculus has gained epistemological privilege that requires low burden of proof due to assumptions and preferences of discourse advanced by individuals isolated from everyday impacts of social hierarchies like colonialism – must actively displace this dominant understanding of violence by over-privileging “everyday” violence like poverty and political repression.
Scheper-Hughes and Bourgois 04-- Nancy and Philippe, Prof of Anthropology @ Cal-Berkely; Prof of Anthropology @ UPenn, Making Sense of Violence, in Violence in War and Peace, pg. 19-22 (MI)
This large and at first sight "messy" Part

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punishment; the technologies of heightened personal security.
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