1NC T-Restriction Resolve DA Debt Politics DA Legalism K Executive CP
Gsu
6
Opponent: Kansas City Kansas CC Casas-Gonzaba | Judge: Autry
1NC - Bataille K
Gsu
1
Opponent: Houston Jennings-Jennings | Judge: Koch
1NC - Executive CP Politics DA Cap K Heidegger K
Gsu
7
Opponent: Dartmouth College Chen-Markovich | Judge: Cohn
1NC T(Restriction) Self-Restraint CP Prez Powers DA Debt Politics DA Security K
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Cites
Entry
Date
aaa NOTES ON WIKI ORGANIZATION
Tournament: Gsu | Round: 1 | Opponent: Houston Jennings-Jennings | Judge: Koch Because the wiki auto-alphabetizes everything, I'm attempting to implement a pseudo-organization scheme such that the 2AC blocks from different affs don't get mixed up over the course of the year. As it stands, everything relating to the CIA-DOD aff read at GSU begins with a z. With each successive aff, the letter code will decreased by one so that the most relevant cites appear near the top of the wiki page.
2ACs on case and 1AR cards are grouped by round rather than argument to avoid clutter. Everything else is grouped by argument. As new cards make their way into 2AC blocks, the relevant wiki entries will be updated so the most recent version always appears on this page.
9/28/13
z 1AC R1 GSU
Tournament: Gsu | Round: 1 | Opponent: Houston Jennings-Jennings | Judge: Koch Plan: The United States federal government should enact legislation restricting authority for targeted killing using remotely piloted aircraft systems to title 10 military authority.
Advantage 1 - Terrorism
Drone strikes solve Al-Qaeda and global terrorism. Byman 13 – (2013, Daniel, Professor in the Security Studies Program at the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University and a Senior Fellow at the Saban Center for Middle East Policy at the Brookings Institution, “Why Drones Work,” Foreign Affairs, July/August 2013)
NOBODY DOES IT BETTER The Obama administration relies on … best way to eliminate them.
Disrupting safe havens is key to reduce EFFECTIVENESS – drone attacks degrade al-Qaeda core Byman 11 – (6/3, Daniel, Professor in the Security Studies Program at the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University and a Senior Fellow at the Saban Center for Middle East Policy at the Brookings Institution, “Denying Terrorist Safe Havens: Homeland Security Efforts to Counter Threats from Pakistan, Yemen and Somalia,” Testimony for the House Committee on Homeland Security, Subcommittee on Oversight, Investigations and Management, http://www.brookings.edu/research/testimony/2011/06/03-terrorism-byman)
I. The State of the … themselves than to their enemies.
Disruption and denial solve nuclear terror – need to stop the planning process. Montgomery 09 – (2009, Evan Braden, Research Fellow, has published on a range of issues, including alliance politics, nuclear terrorism, military doctrine, and political revolutions, Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, MA in Foreign Affairs, PhD Candidate at UVA, “Nuclear Terrorism: Assessing the Threat, Developing a Response,” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA506768)
The second major implication addresses … the future has correspondingly increased.
Nuclear terror causes accidental US-Russia nuclear war. Barrett et al. 2013 – (6/28, Anthony, PhD, Engineering and Public Policy from Carnegie Mellon University, Director of Research, Global Catastrophic Risk Institute, Fellow in the RAND Stanton Nuclear Security Fellows Program, Seth Baum, PhD, Geography, Pennsylvania State University, Executive Director, GCRI, Research Scientist at the Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, former Visiting Scholar position at the Center for Research on Environmental Decisions at Columbia University, and Kelly Hostetler, Research Assistant, GCRI, “Analyzing and Reducing the Risks of Inadvertent Nuclear War Between the United States and Russia,” Science and Global Security 21(2): 106-133, pre-print, available online)
War involving significant fractions of … to misinterpret events as attacks.16
Al Qaeda wants nuclear weapons. Bunn et al. 11 (May 2011. Matthew Bunn, associate professor, at Harvard Kennedy School and Co- Principal Investigator of Project on Managing the Atom at Harvard’s Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs; Colonel Yuri Morozov, prof @ Russian Academy of Military Sciences former chief of General Staff of the Russian military; Rolf Mowatt-Larssen. Senior fellow at Belfer Center, fmr. director of Intelligence at DoE; Simon Saradzhyan, senior fellow at Belfer Center; William Tobey, senior fellow at Belfer Center and director of the U.S.-Russia Initiative to Prevent Nuclear Terrorism, fmr. deputy administrator for Defense Nuclear Nonproliferation at the NNSA; Colonel General Viktor I. Yesin, senior fellow at the U.S.A and Canada Studies Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences and advisor to commander of the Strategic Missile Forces of Russia, fmr. chief of staff of the Strategic Missile Forces; Major General Pavel S. Zolotarev, deputy director of the U.S.A and Canada Studies Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences and fmr. head of the Information and Analysis Center of the Russian Ministry of Defense. “The U.S.-Russia Joint Threat Assessment on Nuclear Terrorism.” The Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs and the Institute for U.S. and Canadian Studies.)
Obtaining high-end weapons of … nearly verbatim in the latter.
Nuclear security is weak and materials are accessible. Bunn 13 – (2013, Matthew, PhD, Professor of Practice; Co-Principal Investigator, Project on Managing the Atom, Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Harvard, “Beyond Crises: The Unending Challenge of Controlling Nuclear Weapons and Materials,” in Nuclear Weapons Security Crises: What Does History Teach? Ed. Henry D. Sokolski. Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, 253-278)
In short, the threats are … it could never happen again.
Though drones are not ideal, … themselves that continue to suffer.
Escalates to nuclear war. Pitt 09 – a New York Times and internationally bestselling author of two books: and#34;War on Iraq: What Team Bush Doesnand#39;t Want You to Knowand#34; and and#34;The Greatest Sedition Is Silence.and#34; (5/8/09, William, “Unstable Pakistan Threatens the World,” http://www.arabamericannews.com/news/index.php?mod=articleandcat=commentaryandarticle=2183)
But a suicide bomber in Pakistan … situation. So should we all.
Blowback is inevitable and there’s no impact. Anderson 13 – (5/24, Kenneth, Professor of Law, Washington College of Law, American University Member, Task Force on National Security and Law, The Hoover Institution, Stanford University, “The Case for Drones,” Real Clear Politics)
The most prominent critique today, … have lost the Civil War.
Human intelligence solves all existential threats – impact is WMD use and extinction. Johnson 10 – (2010, Loch, PhD, Regents Professor of Political Science at the University of Georgia, “Evaluating ‘Humint’: The Role of Foreign Agents in U.S. Security,” Comparative Strategy Volume 29, Issue 4, 2010, taylor and francis)
Intelligence is considered the first … individuals in the espionage trade.
Key to counter assymetric threats DESPITE massive military dominance – prevents CBW use against the US and allies. Treverton 01 – (2001, Gregory, PhD in economics and politics, Harvard, Director, RAND Center for Global Risk and Security, “Reshaping national intelligence for an age of information,” p. 37-8)
American military predominance gives rise … respond to U.S. moves against them.
Chemical weapons use against US troops causes nuclear war. Schneider 97 (Barry, Director of the USAF Counterproliferation Center at Air University, Maxwell AFB, Alabama, and an Associate Professor of International Relations in the Department of Future Conflict Studies at the U.S. Air War College., Future War and Counterproliferation, 72-73 As a result, today, in the … might demand harsh nuclear retribution.
Military decline results in global conflict—successors won’t fill in and multiple hotspots escalate Brzezinski 12 — Professor of Foreign Policy @ Johns Hopkins Zbigniew, After America, Foreign Policy, Jan/Dec 2012, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/01/03/after_america?page=0,0
For if America falters, the … a dangerous slide into global turmoil.
Best statistical studies prove heg solves war Owen 11 – John M. Owen Professor of Politics at University of Virginia PhD from Harvard and#34;DON’T DISCOUNT HEGEMONYand#34; Feb 11 www.cato-unbound.org/2011/02/11/john-owen/dont-discount-hegemony/
Andrew Mack and his colleagues … for liberal democracy remains strong.
Meanwhile, the C.I.A. was setting up … nurturing relationships to gather intelligence.
Institutional inertia means the longer we wait, the harder it is to go back Scahill 12 – (11/14, Jeremy, Puffin Foundation Writing Fellow at The Nation Institute, an award-winning investigative journalist, author of Dirty Wars and Blackwater, “The Petraeus Legacy: A Paramilitary CIA?” http://www.thenation.com/article/171247/petraeus-legacy-paramilitary-cia#axzz2YPwmfs7A)
While much of the media … told me. “That’s the big danger.”
After 9/11 it was convenient, and … to conduct operations to do so.
Solvency
Domestic and international backlash against US drone policy is inevitable in the squo – will hamstring the program and prevent effective operations. Zenko 13 – (Jan. 2013, Micah, PhD, Douglas Dillon fellow in the Center for Preventive Action at the Council on Foreign Relations, formerly at the Harvard Kennedy School and the Brookings Institution, “Reforming U.S. Drone Strike Policies,” Council on Foreign Relations, Special Report No. 65)
In his Nobel Peace Prize … in the ways suggested below.
Moving to the DOD ensures drone legitimacy – allows oversight and guarantees political backing. Waxman 13 – (3/20, Matthew, law professor at Columbia Law School, co-chair, Roger Hertog Program on Law and National Security, Adjunct Senior Fellow for Law and Foreign Policy at the Council on Foreign Relations, member of the Hoover Institution Task Force on National Security and Law, “Going Clear,” Foreign Policy, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2013/03/20/going_clear?wp_login_redirect=0)
So, moving operations to the … remaining policy on stronger footing.
Shifting to the military ensures the PERCEPTION of international law compliance – forestalls legal challenges to the drone program Nauman 12 – (2013, Joshua, JD, LLM, Commander, Judge Advocate General’s Corps, U.S. Navy, “Civilians on the Battlefield: By Using U.S. Civilians in the War on Terror, Is the Pot Calling the Kettle Black?” 91 Neb. L. Rev., google scholar)
Similarly, the prosecution of enemy … leader, we owe nothing less.
The plan would be CIA charter legislation – key to refocus the CIA on intelligence not paramilitary operations. Prados 12 – (2012, John, Senior Fellow and Co-Director of the Iraq Documentation Project, and Director of the Vietnam Project at the National Security Archive at The George Washington University, “The Continuing Quandary of Covert Operations,” JOURNAL OF NATIONAL SECURITY LAW andPOLICY, Vol. 5:359)
Reviving the covert operations capability … been confirmed by recent excesses.
To that, we can add … transition really will look like.
9/28/13
z 1AC R4 GSU
Tournament: Gsu | Round: 4 | Opponent: Georgetown Arsht-Markoff | Judge: Arnett Same as R1 except for new plan text:
Plan: The United States federal government should enact legislation restricting the Central Intelligence Agency’s Title 50 authority for targeted killing using remotely piloted aircraft systems.
9/28/13
z 1AC R6 GSU
Tournament: Gsu | Round: 6 | Opponent: Kansas City Kansas CC Casas-Gonzaba | Judge: Autry Plan: The United States federal government should eliminate the President of the United States’ authority for targeted killing using remotely piloted aircraft systems.
Meanwhile, the C.I.A. was setting up … nurturing relationships to gather intelligence.
Institutional inertia means the longer we wait, the harder it is to go back Scahill 12 – (11/14, Jeremy, Puffin Foundation Writing Fellow at The Nation Institute, an award-winning investigative journalist, author of Dirty Wars and Blackwater, “The Petraeus Legacy: A Paramilitary CIA?” http://www.thenation.com/article/171247/petraeus-legacy-paramilitary-cia#axzz2YPwmfs7A)
While much of the media … told me. “That’s the big danger.”
You will doubtless hear many … anyplace else in our government.
Human intelligence solves all existential threats – impact is WMD use and extinction. Johnson 10 – (2010, Loch, PhD, Regents Professor of Political Science at the University of Georgia, “Evaluating ‘Humint’: The Role of Foreign Agents in U.S. Security,” Comparative Strategy Volume 29, Issue 4, 2010, taylor and francis)
Intelligence is considered the first … individuals in the espionage trade.
Key to counter assymetric threats DESPITE massive military dominance – prevents CBW use against the US and allies. Treverton 01 – (2001, Gregory, PhD in economics and politics, Harvard, Director, RAND Center for Global Risk and Security, “Reshaping national intelligence for an age of information,” p. 37-8)
American military predominance gives rise … respond to U.S. moves against them.
Hegemony is key deter power vacuums and conflicts and maintain the liberal international order Thayer 13 – (2013, Bradley, PhD, professor in the political science department at Baylor University, “Humans, Not Angels: Reasons to Doubt the Decline of War Thesis,” in The Forum: The Decline of War, International Studies Review Volume 15, Issue 3, pages 396–419, September 2013)
The Importance of the System and … benefit of the United States.
Military decline results in global conflict—successors won’t fill in and multiple hotspots escalate Brzezinski 12 — Professor of Foreign Policy @ Johns Hopkins (Zbigniew, After America, Foreign Policy, Jan/Dec 2012, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/01/03/after_america?page=0,0)
For if America falters, the … a dangerous slide into global turmoil.
Best statistical studies prove heg solves war Owen 11 – John M. Owen Professor of Politics at University of Virginia PhD from Harvard and#34;DON’T DISCOUNT HEGEMONYand#34; Feb 11 www.cato-unbound.org/2011/02/11/john-owen/dont-discount-hegemony/
Andrew Mack and his colleagues … liberal democracy remains strong.
Heg decreases structural violence Barnett 11 – (Thomas P.M. Barnett 11, Former Senior Strategic Researcher and Professor in the Warfare Analysis and Research Department, Center for Naval Warfare Studies, U.S. Naval War College American military geostrategist and Chief Analyst at Wikistrat, worked as the Assistant for Strategic Futures in the Office of Force Transformation in the Department of Defense, September 12, 2011, “The New Rules: The Rise of the Rest Spells U.S. Strategic Victory,” World Politics Review, online: http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/9973/the-new-rules-the-rise-of-the-rest-spells-u-s-strategic-victory)
First the absurdity: A few of … always, the choice is ours.
The world is getting better now – heg is the root cause Busby 12 – (Josh Busby 12, Assistant Professor of Public Affairs and a fellow in the RGK Center for Philanthropy and Community Service as well as a Crook Distinguished Scholar at the Robert S. Strauss Center for International Security and Law, http://duckofminerva.blogspot.com/2012/01/get-real-chicago-ir-guys-out-in-force.html)
Is Unipolarity Peaceful? As evidence, … though they canand#39;t balance against it.
Superpower transitions necessitate global wars. Khanna 09 – Director of the Global Governance Initiative at the New America Foundation (Parag, The second world: how emerging powers are redefining global competition in the twenty-first century, p. 337-338)
Even this scenario is optimistic, … —before the next world war.67
Long term historical studies prove unipolarity is peaceful Wohlforth 08 – Daniel Webster Professor of Government, Dartmouth. BA in IR, MA in IR and MPhil and PhD in pol sci, Yale (William, Unipolarity, Status Competition, and Great Power War, October 2008, World Politics Vol. 61, Iss. 1; pg. 28, 31 pgs, Proquest)
Despite increasingly compelling findings … rationalist theories of hegemonic war.
No offense – pursuit of heg is inevitable – only a question of effectiveness Dorfman 12 – (Zach, assistant editor of Ethics and International Affairs, the journal of the Carnegie Council, and co-editor of the Montreal Review, “What We Talk About When We Talk About Isolationism”, May 18, http://dissentmagazine.org/online.php?id=605)
The rise of China notwithstanding, … state appears here to stay.
US engagement and reintervention is inevitable – historical record Kagan 11 – (Robert, contributing editor to The Weekly Standard and a senior fellow in foreign policy at the Brookings Institution. and#34;The Price of Powerand#34; Jan 24 Vol 16 No18 www.weeklystandard.com/articles/price-power_533696.html?page=3)
In theory, the United States … power has built and defended.
Estimative intelligence acknowledges complexity and uncertainty but is the best way to mediate that into useful policy. Nye 94 – (1994, Joseph, PhD in political science, University Distinguished Service Professor at Harvard University, chairman of the National Intelligence Council, “Peering into the Future,” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 73, No. 4, Jul/Aug 1994, pp. 82-93)
Innovations and enhancements aside, it … mix of threats and opportunities.
More evidence – estimative intelligence REDUCES the likelihood of violence and enables peaceful crisis resolution. Nye 94 – (1994, Joseph, PhD in political science, University Distinguished Service Professor at Harvard University, chairman of the National Intelligence Council, “Peering into the Future,” Foreign Affairs, Vol. 73, No. 4, Jul/Aug 1994, pp. 82-93)
The National Intelligence Council has … questions or produce parallel estimates.
9/28/13
z 2AC - Bataille K
Tournament: Gsu | Round: 6 | Opponent: Kansas City Kansas CC Casas-Gonzaba | Judge: Autry No root cause of war Goldstein 01 – (2001, Joshua, Professor Emeritus of International Relations, American University (Washington, DC) Research Scholar, University of Massachusetts and Nonresident Sadat Senior Fellow, CIDCM, University of Maryland, Professor of International Relations at American University, War and Gender, 412)
First, peace activists face a dilemma … seems to be empirically inadequate.
Extinction comes first – outweighs ongoing systemic impacts Matheny 07 – (Jason, Department of Health Policy and Management, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, “Reducing the Risk of Human Extinction,” Risk Analysis, Vol 27, No 5)
We may be poorly equipped … the costs of mitigating them.20
Perm – address both Maley 85 – Political Studies and#123;\95), XXXIIl, 578-591 Professor William Maley assumed the position of Foundation Director of the Asia-Pacific College of Diplomacy
However, there can be sound … if not necessarily by most.
Their conception of violence is reductive and can’t be solved Boulding 77 – Twelve Friendly Quarrels with Johan Galtung Author(s): Kenneth E. BouldingReviewed work(s):Source: Journal of Peace Research, Vol. 14, No. 1 (1977), pp. 75-86Published Kenneth Ewart Boulding (January 18, 1910 – March 18, 1993) was an economist, educator, peace activist, poet, religious mystic, devoted Quaker, systems scientist, and interdisciplinary philosopher.12 He was cofounder of General Systems Theory and founder of numerous ongoing intellectual projects in economics and social science. He graduated from Oxford University, and was granted United States citizenship in 1948. During the years 1949 to 1967, he was a faculty member of the University of Michigan. In 1967, he joined the faculty of the University of Colorado at Boulder, where he remained until his retirement.
Finally, we come to … us from finding the answer.
Scenario planning a good pedagogical method – this evidence is amazing Mahnken and Junio 13 – (2013, Thomas, PhD, Jerome E. Levy Chair of Economic Geography and National Security at the U.S. Naval War College and a Visiting Scholar at the Philip Merrill Center for Strategic Studies at The Johns Hopkins University’s Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, and Timothy, Predoctoral Fellow, Center for International Security and Cooperation, Stanford University, PhD in Political Science expected 2013, “Conceiving of Future War: The Promise of Scenario Analysis for International Relations,” International Studies Review Volume 15, Issue 3, pages 374–395, September 2013)
This article introduces political scientists … methodological canon of the discipline.
Specifially key for scenarios involving great power war, nuclear terror, nuclear war, climate change, cyber war, and disease Mahnken and Junio 13 – (2013, Thomas, PhD, Jerome E. Levy Chair of Economic Geography and National Security at the U.S. Naval War College and a Visiting Scholar at the Philip Merrill Center for Strategic Studies at The Johns Hopkins University’s Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, and Timothy, Predoctoral Fellow, Center for International Security and Cooperation, Stanford University, PhD in Political Science expected 2013, “Conceiving of Future War: The Promise of Scenario Analysis for International Relations,” International Studies Review Volume 15, Issue 3, pages 374–395, September 2013)
Scenarios are a useful method for … happen in the real world.
Key to policy relevance of academia and independent academic value. Mahnken and Junio 13 – (2013, Thomas, PhD, Jerome E. Levy Chair of Economic Geography and National Security at the U.S. Naval War College and a Visiting Scholar at the Philip Merrill Center for Strategic Studies at The Johns Hopkins University’s Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, and Timothy, Predoctoral Fellow, Center for International Security and Cooperation, Stanford University, PhD in Political Science expected 2013, “Conceiving of Future War: The Promise of Scenario Analysis for International Relations,” International Studies Review Volume 15, Issue 3, pages 374–395, September 2013)
The role of academics in … of teaching and theory building.
The specific way scenarios are done in debate is good – not roleplaying AND focuses on high magnitude low probability events Mahnken and Junio 13 – (2013, Thomas, PhD, Jerome E. Levy Chair of Economic Geography and National Security at the U.S. Naval War College and a Visiting Scholar at the Philip Merrill Center for Strategic Studies at The Johns Hopkins University’s Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, and Timothy, Predoctoral Fellow, Center for International Security and Cooperation, Stanford University, PhD in Political Science expected 2013, “Conceiving of Future War: The Promise of Scenario Analysis for International Relations,” International Studies Review Volume 15, Issue 3, pages 374–395, September 2013)
Pedagogy Scenarios offer many of the … the boundaries of the scenario.
Key to policy relevance of academia and independent academic value. Mahnken and Junio 13 – (2013, Thomas, PhD, Jerome E. Levy Chair of Economic Geography and National Security at the U.S. Naval War College and a Visiting Scholar at the Philip Merrill Center for Strategic Studies at The Johns Hopkins University’s Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, and Timothy, Predoctoral Fellow, Center for International Security and Cooperation, Stanford University, PhD in Political Science expected 2013, “Conceiving of Future War: The Promise of Scenario Analysis for International Relations,” International Studies Review Volume 15, Issue 3, pages 374–395, September 2013)
The role of academics in … of teaching and theory building.
Studying international relations is key to good scholarly work – their approach produces a split between the ivory tower and practical realities Walt 11 (Stephen, Prof Intl Affairs @ Harvard, “International Affairs and the Public Sphere”, http://publicsphere.ssrc.org/walt-international-affairs-and-the-public-sphere/)
Most social scientists would like … impact on the public sphere.
Perm do both – accepting death makes it impossible to prevent nuclear war – doesn’t entail obsession with death in all instance Barash and Lipton, 1985 David P., Professor of Psychology at the University of Washington (Seattle) and Judith Eve, psychiatrist at the Swedish Medical Center in Washington, “The Caveman and the Bomb” p.261-267
Extinction outweighs Itzkowitz 99 – (Kenneth, professor of philosophy – … Georges Bataille,” College Literature, Winter)
Yet in our lives there … , enacting them anyway, albeit inattentively.
Death isn’t aesthetics – the alt causes mass violence and genocide. Minkoff 07 (4/25, C. Michael, GA Tech, http://… 20Minkoff--LCC204100--Animal_Sacrifice.pdf)
What Nancy admits is that “… is completed in the Sage
Self sacrifice reifies reifies the theology of death and fails as a trancendental project. Arnould 96 – (Elisabeth, lecturer – Johns Hopkins … Nancian Critique of Sacrifice,” Diacritics 26.2)
Sacrifice is unquestionably the most … also call it and#34;unsacrificeableand#34; Nancy 30.
Self sacrifice is a bad method – solipsistic navel gazing. Mann 99 – (Paul, professor of something, hates theory, “The Exquisite Corpse of Georges Bataille” in Masocriticism, p. 67-9)
I would like at one … . Of theory-death. A double fatality.
9/28/13
z 2AC - Cap K
Tournament: Gsu | Round: 1 | Opponent: Houston Jennings-Jennings | Judge: Koch Epistemology doesn’t come first – pragmatic action is essential despite epistemological flaws Branstetter 11 (John, Dept. of Poly Sci @ Washington St. U, “Bridging the divide: Normatively anchored, problem-driven research in political communication”, French Politics, 9)
Although I hope to show that … normatively anchored and problem driven.
No root cause of war Goldstein 01 – (Joshua, Professor of International Relations at American University, War and Gender, 412)
First, peace activists face a dilemma … seems to be empirically inadequate.
Extinction outweighs value to life – life is a prerequisite to value Schwartz 2 (Lisa, Medical Ethics, http://www.fleshandbones.com/readingroom/pdf/399.pdf) The second assertion made by … and as ends in themselves.
Zizek is wrong O’Brien and Jureidini 02 Gerard and Jon, Senior … ,” Philosophy, Psychiatry, and Psychology 9.2, project muse
IT IS THE PRIMARY TENET … originally conceived by Sigmund Freud.
Cap’s sustainable Rose 10 – (Stephen J, Research Professor at … and the Workforce, Rebound, pg 239-242)
Many scholars and commentators have … days are still ahead of us.
Alt fails Mbembe and Posel 05 – (Achille Mbembe and Deborah Posel Wits Institute for Social and Economic Research (WISER), University of Witwatersrand, South Africa 2005 Interventions Vol. 7(3) 283/286 2005)
Even at the height of … the minds of its planners.
9/28/13
z 2AC - Debt DA
Tournament: Gsu | Round: 4 | Opponent: Georgetown Arsht-Markoff | Judge: Arnett No war Zakaria 09 – (12/12/09, Fareed, Ph.D. in Political Science from Harvard, Editor of Newsweek, “The Secrets of Stability,” Newsweek, http://www.newsweek.com/id/226425)
Others predicted that these economic … have not materialized at all.
Economy resilient Eisenbeis 11 – (3/31/11, Bob, PhD, Cumberland Advisors’ Chief Monetary Economist, former Executive Vice President and Director of Research at the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, current member of the U.S. Shadow Financial Regulatory Committee and the Financial Economist Roundtable, “This Market Is Showing Incredible Resilience In The Face Of Many Crises,” The Business Insider, lexis)
No, not shock and awe … begin investing and hiring again.
This Time There Really Will … is in Boehner’s interest, too.3
Bill won’t pass Collender 9/17/13 http://capitalgainsandgames.com/blog/stan-collender/2764/cliffgate-update-shutdown-boehners-only-way-out Stan Collender is a former New Yorker who, after getting a graduate degree in public policy from the University Stan Collender is a former New Yorker who, after getting a graduate degree in public policy from the University of California, Berkeley, moved to Washington to get it out of his system. That was 35 years ago. Collender is an acknowledged expert on the federal budget and congressional budget process and the author of The Guide to the Federal Budget, which was published for 19 consective years from 1982 to 2000 and was one of the most-assigned text on the topic. He is one of a very limited number of people who has worked on the staffs of the House and Senate Budget Committees and founded and edited Federal Budget Report, a newsletter that was published for almost two decades. For 11 years he wrote a weekly column (“Budget Battles) for NationalJournal.com. For the past three years he has written “Fiscal Fitness” for Roll Call. He is currently a partner at Qorvis Communications, where he spends most of his time working with financial services clients. Stan is also a much sought-after speaker to business and other groups on federal taxes and spending, appears often on television and radio, and is frequently quoted in major print publications. and spending, appears often on television and radio, and is frequently quoted in major print publications.
Two things usually help with a … to prove their political testosterone.
Obama PC fails – their author after their evidence Ornstein and Mann 9-14 (Norman,- resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute, named Top 100 Global Thinker by Foreign Policy for and#34;diagnosing Americaand#39;s political dysfunction,and#34; Thomas Mann,- senior fellow in Governance Studies at the Brookings Institute and#34;Mann and Ornstein: “Brighter future for politics and policy requires a different Republican Party”) While many journalists blamed Obama … from a majority of House Republicans.
The simmering debate about the … to give it more oversight.”
They’re comparatively the most powerful faction. Carlic 08 (Steve Carlic, adjunct professor at the S.I. Newhouse School of Public Communications, Editorial Opinion Specialist with Syracuse Media Group, May 25, 2008, Rep. John McHugh a contender for House Armed Services leadership spot http://www.syracuse.com/news/index.ssf/2008/05/rep_john_mchugh_a_contender_fo.html
But as the top Republican … come into play less often
In one week, John McCain … and negotiate compromises with Democrats.”
9/28/13
z 2AC - Fast Track DA
Tournament: Gsu | Round: 1 | Opponent: Houston Jennings-Jennings | Judge: Koch Dispute Resolution system will never collapse despite trade failures Polaski 2006 – director of the Trade, Equity, and Development Project at Carnegie, Secretary of State’s Special Representative for International Labor Affairs (Sandra, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, “The future of the WTO”, http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/Polaski_WTO_final_formatted.pdf)
Notwithstanding the collapse of the … felt constrained by existing rules.
Trade doesn’t solve war Goldstone 2007 (P.R., PhD candidate in the Department of Political Science and a member of the Security Studies Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He is a non-resident research fellow at the Center for Peace and Security Studies, Georgetown University, AlterNet, September 25, http://www.alternet.org/audits/62848/?page=entire) Many hope trade will constrain … capability to buy and sell.
Jobs and Syria - no capital now Bloomberg 9-12 (and#34;Obama Syria Reversal Sets Stage for Fights With Congressand#34 Obama is entering his face-… White House’s relations with Congress.
Obama PC isnand#39;t key -~-- your evidence either isnand#39;t qualified or isnand#39;t specific Ornstein and Mann 9-14 (Norman,- resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute, named Top 100 Global Thinker by Foreign Policy for and#34;diagnosing Americaand#39;s political dysfunction,and#34; Thomas Mann,- senior fellow in Governance Studies at the Brookings Institute and#34;Mann and Ornstein: “Brighter future for politics and policy requires a different Republican Party”) While many journalists blamed Obama … from a majority of House Republicans.
In one week, John McCain … and negotiate compromises with Democrats.”
9/28/13
z 2AC - Heidegger K
Tournament: Gsu | Round: 1 | Opponent: Houston Jennings-Jennings | Judge: Koch Terrorism is a real and claims of threat construction are offensively oversimplified Jones 06 (David Martin, PhD, Associate Professor and Reader in Political Science, University of Queensland, and L. R. Smith, “The commentariat and discourse failure: language and atrocity in Cool Britannia,” International Aff airs 82: 6 (2006) 1077–1100)
Rather than accept the existence … basis for liberal democratic order.
Prior focus on ontology causes paralysis – having “good enough knowledge” is a sufficient condition for action Kratochwil 08 – (2008, Friedrich, professor of international relations – European University Institute, “The Puzzles of Politics,” pg. 200-213)
The lesson seems clear … quite recalcitrant to analytical treatment.
Perm solves Dreyfus, 06 (Professor of Philosophy at the University of California, Berkeley (Hubert, and#34;Nihilism, Art, Technology, and Politicsand#34;, the Cambridge Companion to Heidegger) Heidegger, however, sees that and#34;it … receptivity to understandings of being.
9/28/13
z 2AC - Legalism K
Tournament: Gsu | Round: 4 | Opponent: Georgetown Arsht-Markoff | Judge: Arnett Perm do both – declaring the terrorist illegitimate is a valid exercise of the sovereign decision – the 1ac was not the absolute positivist conception of legitimacy their link arguments presume. Kochi 06 – (2006, Tarik, “THE PARTISAN: CARL SCHMITT AND TERRORISM,” Law Critique (2006) 17: 267–295, springer)
All war involves terror; the … and the notion of right?
Framing issue – making the law SEEM legitimate is good – preserves law where it actually functions Vermeule 09 – (2009, Adrian, “OUR SCHMITTIAN ADMINISTRATIVE LAW,” HARVARD LAW REVIEW, Vol. 122:1095)
For many rule of law … of the rule of law.
CIA charter is uniquely successful framework legislation. Koh 88 – (1988, Harold Hongju, professor and (former) dean of Yale Law School, former Legal Adviser of the Department of State for Obama (post-publication), “Why the President (Almost) Always Wins in Foreign Affairs: Lessons of the Iran-Contra Affair,” Yale Law School, Faculty Scholarship Series. Paper 2071, digital commons)
The overriding purposes of any … security policy should be made.
Framework laws restrain the executive EVEN WHEN OPPOSED. Huq 12 – (2012, Aziz, Assistant Professor of Law, University of Chicago Law School, “Binding the Executive (by Law or by Politics),” The University of Chicago Law Review, 79:777)
There is some merit to … teeth of White House opposition.80
9/28/13
z 2AC - Resolve DA
Tournament: Gsu | Round: 4 | Opponent: Georgetown Arsht-Markoff | Judge: Arnett Doesn’t affect military readiness David J. Barron and Martin S. Lederman, Law Professors - Harvard and Georgetown, 2008, and#34;The Commander in Chief at the Lowest Ebb: A Constitutional History,and#34; Harvard Law Review, Vol. 121, No. 4, p. 1101 At the same time, the … in the here and now.
The CIA is the WORST at covert action Prados 12 – (2012, John, Senior Fellow and Co-Director of the Iraq Documentation Project, and Director of the Vietnam Project at the National Security Archive at The George Washington University, “The Continuing Quandary of Covert Operations,” JOURNAL OF NATIONAL SECURITY LAW andPOLICY, Vol. 5:359)
In terms of contributions to U.S. … for an articulated foreign policy.
To put it in legal … tasks of espionage and analysis.
9/28/13
z 2AC - Security K
Tournament: Gsu | Round: 7 | Opponent: Dartmouth College Chen-Markovich | Judge: Cohn We don’t isolate root causes or try to explain terrorist psychology – that’s impossible which is why a PROBLEM SOLVING approach to containment is key Weinberg and Eubank 08 – (2008, Leonard, PhD, Foundation Professor of Political Science at the University of Nevada, Reno, senior fellow at the National Security Studies Center at the University of Haifa, and William, PhD, associate professor of political science, University of Nevada, Reno, “Problems with the critical studies approach to the study of terrorism,” Critical Studies on Terrorism Volume 1, Issue 2, 2008, taylor and francis)
Finally, there is the criticism … of multiple ‘problem solving’ investigations.
Terrorism is a real and claims of threat construction are offensively oversimplified Jones 06 (David Martin, PhD, Associate Professor and Reader in Political Science, University of Queensland, and L. R. Smith, “The commentariat and discourse failure: language and atrocity in Cool Britannia,” International Aff airs 82: 6 (2006) 1077–1100)
Rather than accept the existence … basis for liberal democratic order.
Epistemology doesn’t come first – pragmatic action is essential despite epistemological flaws Branstetter 11 (John, Dept. of Poly Sci @ Washington St. U, “Bridging the divide: Normatively anchored, problem-driven research in political communication”, French Politics, 9)
Although I hope to show that … normatively anchored and problem driven.
Drones are the best possible approach to counterterrorism – their evidence isolates the worst parts of US imperialism like ground invasions, occupation and indiscriminate bombing – all things that drones are DESIGNED SPECIFICALLY TO AVOID
All their impacts are based on vague “infinite violence” claims about the future – no reason we can’t endorse the targeted use of drones and reject the mass invasions and massacres their evidence is talking about – empirically proven by the Iraq draw down at the same time as the increase in drone strikes
Drones enable precision and distinction – all alternatives are worse Anderson 13 – (5/24, Kenneth, Professor of Law, Washington College of Law, American University Member, Task Force on National Security and Law, The Hoover Institution, Stanford University, “The Case for Drones,” Real Clear Politics)
The strategy has worked far … media; and Obama’s American left.
Military deterrence grants ontological security – provides the impetus to avoid violence Lupovici, 8 – Post-Doctoral Fellow @ Munk Centre for International Studies, University of Toronto (Amir, “Why the Cold War Practices of Deterrence are Still Prevalent: Physical Security, Ontological Security and Strategic Discourse,” http://www.cpsa-acsp.ca/papers-2008/Lupovici.pdf )
Since deterrence can become part … stable expectations of avoiding violence.
9/28/13
z 2AC - Self-Restraint CP
Tournament: Gsu | Round: 1 | Opponent: Houston Jennings-Jennings | Judge: Koch President ignores the OLC. Posner 11 (Eric A. Posner, Kirkland and Ellis Professor, University of Chicago Law School, “DEFERENCE TO THE EXECUTIVE IN THEUNITED STATES AFTER9/11: CONGRESS, THECOURTS AND THEOFFICE OFLEGALCOUNSEL,” September 2011, http://www.law.uchicago.edu/files/file/363-eap-deference.pdf)
In the early years of … courts, Congress, and the public.
Doesn’t solve CIA tradeoff – they’ll circumvent without statutory clarification Harris 05 – (2005, Grant, JD candidate at time of publication, expected same year, post-graduation: Special Assistant to the President and Senior Director for African Affairs, former Deputy Chief of Staff and Counselor to Susan E. Rice, the U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations and a member of President Obama’s Cabinet, “The CIA Mandate and the War on Terror,” Yale Law and Policy Review Vol. 23:529, 2005)
The thousands of pages of … CIA installations, recruiters, or contractors.and#34;67
Only only Congress solves public trust. Goldsmith 13 – (5/1, Jack, Henry L. Shattuck Professor at Harvard Law School, former Assistant Attorney General, Office of Legal Counsel from 2003–2004, and Special Counsel to the Department of Defense from 2002–2003, member of the Hoover Institution Task Force on National Security and Law, “How Obama Undermined the War on Terror,” http://www.newrepublic.com/article/112964/obamas-secrecy-destroying-american-support-counterterrorism)
Feeling the heat from these … , is increasingly viewed as illegitimate.
Links to politics Risen 04 – (Aug. 2004, Clay, Assistant Editor – New Republic, editor at the New York Times, “The American Prospect,” lexis)
The most effective check on … as an anti-environmental president.
9/28/13
z 2AC - T Restriction
Tournament: Gsu | Round: 4 | Opponent: Georgetown Arsht-Markoff | Judge: Arnett c/I – Statutory Restriction = legislation to limit or control Black’s Law Dictionary 2013 (Date is date accessed, Aug 13, http://thelawdictionary.org/statutory-restriction/#ixzz2bsSCuBEj) Limits or controls that have been place on activities by its ruling legislation.
c/I – Authority is legal permission granted to conduct an act, not the act itself Collins English Dictionary 2003 (http://www.thefreedictionary.com/authority) 10. (Law) Law a. a judicial decision, statute, or … a person to perform a specified act
Distinguishing power from authority is key to understand modern governance Sedgwick 2007 (Peter, Lecturer at the University of Wales, “Power,” in Cultural Theory: The Key Concepts, ed. Sedgwick and Andrew Edgar, p. 265) Power and authority are not … the authority of their consent.
9/28/13
z 2AC - T RestrictionPresident
Tournament: Gsu | Round: 7 | Opponent: Dartmouth College Chen-Markovich | Judge: Cohn c/I – Statutory Restriction = legislation to limit or control Black’s Law Dictionary 2013 (Date is date accessed, Aug 13, http://thelawdictionary.org/statutory-restriction/#ixzz2bsSCuBEj) Limits or controls that have … activities by its ruling legislation.
c/I – Authority is legal permission granted to conduct an act, not the act itself Collins English Dictionary 2003 (http://www.thefreedictionary.com/authority) 10. (Law) Law a. a judicial decision, statute, or … a person to perform a specified act
substantially means large in size or importance Cambridge Dictionary of American English 2000 Substantial /adj large in size, … of their business by phone.
US Code title 50 is war powers and controls the CIA. Stevenson 13 – (3/6, Charles, PhD, professor of American foreign policy, Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, former professor at the National War College, “Overseeing the New Ways of War,” http://www.rollcall.com/news/stevenson_overseeing_the_new_ways_of_war-222773-1.html)
The situation becomes especially murky … a “Title 60” to bridge the gaps.
That’s authority Chesney 12 – (2012, Robert, Charles I. Francis Professor in Law at the University of Texas School of Law, non-resident Senior Fellow of the Brookings Institution, “Military-Intelligence Convergence and the Law of the Title 10/Title 50 Debate,” JOURNAL OF NATIONAL SECURITY LAW andPOLICY, Vol. 5:539)
Title 50 is a portion of the U.S. … intelligence collection and covert action.
Distinguishing power from authority is key to understand modern governance Sedgwick 2007 (Peter, Lecturer at the University of Wales, “Power,” in Cultural Theory: The Key Concepts, ed. Sedgwick and Andrew Edgar, p. 265) Power and authority are not … the authority of their consent.
9/28/13
z 2AC -- Case R1 GSU
Tournament: Gsu | Round: 1 | Opponent: Houston Jennings-Jennings | Judge: Koch Bioweapons cause extinction Baum and Wilson 13 – (6/28, Seth, PhD, Geography, Pennsylvania State University, Executive Director, Global Catastrophic Risk Institute, Research Scientist at the Blue Marble Space Institute of Science, former Visiting Scholar position at the Center for Research on Environmental Decisions at Columbia University, and Grant, JD, Deputy Director, GCRI, “The Ethics of Global Catastrophic Risk from Dual-Use Bioengineering,” Ethics in Biology, Engineering and Medicine, forthcoming, http://sethbaum.com/ac/fc_BioengineeringGCR.pdf) *GCR = Global Catastrophic Risk
While bioengineering has many … bioengineered organisms pose a GCR.
Mueller’s studies are flawed and academically lazy Gusterson 11 (Hugh Gusterson, professor of anthropology and sociology at George Mason University, author of People of the Bomb: Portraits of America’s Nuclear Complex, January/February 2011, “Atomic Escapism?” book review of Mueller’s Atomic Obsession, American Scientist, http://www.americanscientist.org/bookshelf/pub/atomic-escapism)
The most original, incisive … inconvenient facts and arguments.
And even if the policy … intelligence, another official said.
Charter legislation solves – creates internal precedent and deters abuse at all levels. Harris 05 – (2005, Grant, JD candidate at time of publication, expected same year, post-graduation: Special Assistant to the President and Senior Director for African Affairs, former Deputy Chief of Staff and Counselor to Susan E. Rice, the U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations and a member of President Obama’s Cabinet, “The CIA Mandate and the War on Terror,” Yale Law and Policy Review Vol. 23:529, 2005)
*FOOTNOTE* 205. The analysis of … and law enforcement agencies.
CIA charter is uniquely successful framework legislation. Koh 88 – (1988, Harold Hongju, professor and (former) dean of Yale Law School, former Legal Adviser of the Department of State for Obama (post-publication), “Why the President (Almost) Always Wins in Foreign Affairs: Lessons of the Iran-Contra Affair,” Yale Law School, Faculty Scholarship Series. Paper 2071, digital commons)
The overriding purposes … security policy should be made.
Framework laws restrain the executive EVEN WHEN OPPOSED. Huq 12 – (2012, Aziz, Assistant Professor of Law, University of Chicago Law School, “Binding the Executive (by Law or by Politics),” The University of Chicago Law Review, 79:777)
There is some merit … teeth of White House opposition.80
9/28/13
z 2AC -- Case R2 GSU
Tournament: Gsu | Round: 4 | Opponent: Georgetown Arsht-Markoff | Judge: Arnett Definition problems with jordan study. Carvin 12 – (2012, Stephanie, PhD, Lecturer in International Relations, Royal Holloway, University of London, “The Trouble with Targeted Killing,” Security Studies, 21:3, 529-555, taylor and francis)
The difficulty with this last … of activities as targeted killing.
low-level targeted killing = majority and good– casual observation can’t penetrate organization secrecy and should be ignored. McNeal 13 – (2/25, Gregory, JD, professor at Pepperdine University, former Assistant Director of the Institute for Global Security, former legal consultant to the Chief Prosecutor of the Department of Defense Office of Military Commissions, “Kill-Lists and Network Analysis,” http://www.lawfareblog.com/2013/02/kill-lists-and-network-analysis/)
NETWORK BASED ANALYSIS AND PATTERN OF LIFE SURVEILLANCE To outside observers, some targets … asymmetric advantage of denying a target.” NETWORK BASED ANALYSIS AND THE KILLING OF “FOOT SOLDIERS” Viewing targeting in this way … loss (given the available options).
Pakistan ordered drone operations at … insurgent activity and new strategies.
DIA doesn’t solve HUMINT Boot 12 – (12/6, Max, Jeane J. Kirkpatrick Senior Fellow in National Security Studies at the Council on Foreign Relations, consultant to the U.S. military, regular lecturer at the Army War College and the Command and General Staff College, “Better Spies, Not More,” Council on Foreign Relations, http://www.cfr.org/intelligence/better-spies-not-more/p29619?cid=rss-defense_homelandsecurity-better_spies,_not_more-120612)
The Defense Intelligence Agency is … fingerprints all over the operation.
Tactical vs. strategic decisionmaking is the core distinction. Goodman 09 – (10/20, Melvin, adjunct professor at Johns Hopkins University, director, National Security Project, Center for International Policy, former division chief and senior analyst at the Office of Soviet Affairs, Central Intelligence Agency (1976-1986), former senior analyst at the Bureau of Intelligence and Research, State Department, (1974-1976), former intelligence adviser to the Strategic Arms Limitations Talks in Vienna and Washington, “The Urgent Need to Demilitarize the National Security State,” http://www.truth-out.org/archive/item/86502:the-urgent-need-to-demilitarize-the-national-security-state)
The Pentagon dominates the intelligence … the traditional tools of statecraft.
There were more drone strikes … to be very, very soon.”
Current move doesn’t solve the legitimacy advantage – no congressional involvement. Goldsmith 13 – (5/1, Jack, Henry L. Shattuck Professor at Harvard Law School, former Assistant Attorney General, Office of Legal Counsel from 2003–2004, and Special Counsel to the Department of Defense from 2002–2003, member of the Hoover Institution Task Force on National Security and Law, “How Obama Undermined the War on Terror,” http://www.newrepublic.com/article/112964/obamas-secrecy-destroying-american-support-counterterrorism)
Feeling the heat from these … , is increasingly viewed as illegitimate.
Public backlash culminates in a legal crackdown that hemorrhages the targeted killing program Jack Goldsmith, Harvard Law School Professor, focus on national security law, presidential power, cybersecurity, and conflict of laws, Former Assistant Attorney General, Office of Legal Counsel, and Special Counsel to the Department of Defense, Hoover Institution Task Force on National Security and Law, March 2012, Power and Constraint, P. 199-201
Clive Stafford Smith, a former CCR … the interest of U.S. national security.
9/28/13
z 2AC -- Case R7 GSU
Tournament: Gsu | Round: 7 | Opponent: Dartmouth College Chen-Markovich | Judge: Cohn Drones crush terrorists and solve militant takeover in Pakistan Nadim 12 (Hussain Nadim, visiting scholar at the Woodrow Wilson Center, August 8, 2012, and#34;How Drones Changed the Game in Pakistan,and#34; National Interest, nationalinterest.org/how-drones-changed-the-game-pakistan-7290)
Regardless of what the news … to burn a few American flags.
Pakistan ordered drone operations at … insurgent activity and new strategies.
9/28/13
z Add On - Indo-Pak War
Tournament: Gsu | Round: 7 | Opponent: Dartmouth College Chen-Markovich | Judge: Cohn Militancy -~-- nuclear war – US can’t intervene. Yusuf 11 (Moeed Yusuf is South Asia adviser at the U.S. Institute of Peace, where he manages the institute’s Pakistan program. Previously, he was a research fellow at the Mossavar-Rahmani Center at Harvard University’s John F. Kennedy School of Government and a fellow at the Frederick S. Pardee Center at Boston University, “Banking on an Outsider: Implications for Escalation Control in South Asia”, June 2011, Arms Control Association, http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2011_06/Yusuf)
The potential for confrontation between … the worst from the other.22
9/28/13
zz 1AR R1 GSU
Tournament: Gsu | Round: 1 | Opponent: Houston Jennings-Jennings | Judge: Koch Utilitarianism is good and inevitable – the alternative is violence and abdication of ethical responsibility to others. Jeffrey C. Isaac, James H. Rudy Professor of Political Science and Director of the Center for the Study of Democracy and Public Life at Indiana University, Summer 2002, Social Research, “Hannah Arendt on human rights and the limits of exposure, or why Noam Chomsky is wrong about the meaning of Kosovo”
What does Arendt mean here? … of the world (see Arendt, 1971: 50-54).
Can’t solve the root cause of terrorism – it’s self interest and money Arbatov et al. 08 – (2008, Alexei, Doctor of History, director of the Center for International Security, Institute of the World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMEMO RAN), Aleksandr Pikaev, PhD, heads a department at IMEMO RAN, and Vladimir Dvorkin, Doctor of Technical Sciences, is senior research fellow at IMEMO RAN and honored scientist of the Russian Federation, “Nuclear Terrorism,” Russian Politics and Law, vol. 46, no. 1, January–February 2008, pp. 50–78)
In pursuit of their goals, … tens of millions of people.
Terrorists are islamic fundamentalists—breaking down capitalism won’t change anything ELSHTAIN 2003 (Jean Bethke, Prof of Social and Political Ethics at U Chicago, Just War Against Terrorism, p. 3)
Conducted within the boundary of … taking it at face value.
US Code title 50 is war powers and controls the CIA. Stevenson 13 – (3/6, Charles, PhD, professor of American foreign policy, Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, former professor at the National War College, “Overseeing the New Ways of War,” http://www.rollcall.com/news/stevenson_overseeing_the_new_ways_of_war-222773-1.html)
The situation becomes especially murky … a “Title 60” to bridge the gaps.
That’s authority Chesney 12 – (2012, Robert, Charles I. Francis Professor in Law at the University of Texas School of Law, non-resident Senior Fellow of the Brookings Institution, “Military-Intelligence Convergence and the Law of the Title 10/Title 50 Debate,” JOURNAL OF NATIONAL SECURITY LAW andPOLICY, Vol. 5:539)
Title 50 is a portion of the U.S. … intelligence collection and covert action.
Case
Framing issue – their ev is all from ONE report about a SINGLE speech that THEN DIDN’T GO THEIR WAY – AND THEIR EVIDENCE DOESN’T SAY PAKISTAN BECAUSE THE OFFICIALS EXPLICITLY SAID THAT THEY WEREn’T TRANSITIONING THERE
Tournament: Gsu | Round: 6 | Opponent: Kansas City Kansas CC Casas-Gonzaba | Judge: Autry The aff strengthens the LOAC protection of civilians Nauman 12 – (2013, Joshua, JD, LLM, Commander, Judge Advocate General’s Corps, U.S. Navy, “Civilians on the Battlefield: By Using U.S. Civilians in the War on Terror, Is the Pot Calling the Kettle Black?” 91 Neb. L. Rev., google scholar)
Similarly, the prosecution of enemy … leader, we owe nothing less.
That solves bracketed war and uniquely prevents civilian casualties – means we wouldn’t be violent Johnson 2k – (2000, James Turner Johnson, Associate Member of the Graduate Department of Political Science at Rutgers University, Professor of Religion at Rutgers University, “Maintaining the Protection of Non-Combatants,” Journal of Peace Research 2000 37: 421, sage)
As to whether the weapons … so does failure to do so.
9/28/13
zz 1AR R7 GSU
Tournament: Gsu | Round: 7 | Opponent: Dartmouth College Chen-Markovich | Judge: Cohn President includes agencies Longley NO DATE – (About.com, “The President of the United States – Briefly,” http://usgovinfo.about.com/cs/agencies/a/presbrief.htm)
The President is the administrative … the 15 executive (Cabinet-level) departments.
