Tournament: 2013babyjo | Round: 5 | Opponent: Whitman College Anderson-Salathe | Judge: Dunn

1NC

A. Interpretation - The affirmative should be required to read a topical policy proposal and defend its implementation.  The affirmative can only weigh advantages that stem from the implementation of the plan.

B. Violation – The affirmative didn’t read a topical policy proposal, or doesn’t defend its implementation.  They leverage advantages based off of the endorsement of the discourse or theoretical content of the 1AC, not the plan.

C. Impact - Framework should be a procedural voting issue for reasons of fairness and topic specific education.

Policy debate is good for education, engagement, and empathy.  Clear rules, a stable topic, institutional role-playing and simulation are integral to the process.

Lantis 8 ~Jeffrey S., Professor in the Department of political science and Chair of the
International Relations Program at The College of Wooster, and#34;The State of the Active Teaching and Learning Literature,and#34; International Studies Association Compendium, February 2008, http://www.isacompss.com/info/samples/thestateoftheactiveteachingandlearningliterature_sample.pdf~~

Simulations, games, and role-play represent a third important set of active
AND
topic, the development of empathy, and acquisition and retention of knowledge.

Refusal to engage in institutional reform reduces inquiry to narcissism.  There is a direct tradeoff with productive discussion and research.

Chandler 9 ~David, Professor of International Relations at the University of Westminster, and#34;Questioning Global Political Activism,and#34; What is Radical Politics Today? October 2009, pgs. 81-82~

Today more and more people are ’doing politics’ in their academic work. This
AND
peers and colleagues at the level of political or intellectual debate and organisation. 

Only debates about engaging institutions can produce social change.  Disengagement from politics fractures coalitions and reinforces conservatism.

Mouffe 9 ~Chantal, Professor of Political Theory at the Centre for the Study of Democracy, University of Westminster, and#34;The Importance of Engaging the State,and#34; What is Radical Politics Today? October 2009, pgs. 233-237~

In both Hardt and Negri, and Virno, there is therefore emphasis upon ’
AND
my view, is how we should conceive the nature of radical politics. 

Conservative forces always exist; only policy discussions can persuade them to support change.

Kerbel- no date ~Susan G., clinical psychologist and co-founder of Cognitive Policy Works, and#34;From the Couch to the Culture: How Psychological Analysis Can Strengthen the Progressive Agenda,and#34; Cognitive Policy Works, http://www.cognitivepolicyworks.com/trash/psychology-and-politics/~~

The psychology of change: This is one of the great hidden powers of clinical
AND
drag of resistance, and minimize its impact on moving the agenda forward. 

1NC

Stanford Clinic et al 12 (Stanford International Human Rights and Conflict Resolution Clinic (IHRCRC), Global Justice Clinic (GJC) at NYU School of Law, and#34;Living Under Drones: Death, Injury and Trauma to Civilians from US Drone Practices in Pakistan,and#34; 2012, http://www.livingunderdrones.org/report/-http://www.livingunderdrones.org/report/, JS)

This report also supports and reiterates the calls consistently made by rights groups and others for legality,T accountability, and transparency in US drone strike policies:

The US should fulfill its international obligations with respect to accountability and transparency, and ensure proper democratic debate about key policies. The US should:
Release the US Department of Justice memoranda outlining the legal basis for US targeted killing in Pakistan;
Make public critical information concerning US drone strike policies, including as previously and repeatedly reques­ted by various groups and officials:~7~ the tar­geting criteria for so-called and#34;signatureand#34; strikes; the mechanisms in place to ensure that targeting complies with international law; which laws are being applied; the nature of investigations into civilian death and injury; and mechanisms in place to track, analyze and publicly recognize civilian casualties;~8~
Ensure independent investigations into drone strike deaths, consistent with the call made by Ben Emmerson, UN Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms while countering terrorism in August 2012;~9~
In conjunction with robust investigations and, where appropriate, prosecutions, establish compensation programs for civilians harmed by US strikes in Pakistan.
The US should fulfill its international humanitarian and human rights law obligations with respect to the use of force, including by not using lethal force against individuals who are not members of armed groups with whom the US is in an armed conflict, or otherwise against individuals not posing an imminent threat to life. This includes not double-striking targets as first responders arrive.
Journalists and media outlets should cease the common practice of referring simply to and#34;militantand#34; deaths, without further explanation. All reporting of government accounts of and#34;militantand#34; deaths should include acknowledgment that the US government counts all adult males killed by strikes as and#34;militants,and#34; absent exonerating evidence. Media accounts relying on anonymous government sources should also highlight the fact of their single-source information and of the past record of false government reports.

Understanding and limiting the organizations that utilize drone warfare has to come first
Saas 12 (William, doctoral candidate in the Department of Communication Arts and Sciences at the Pennsylvania State University, and#34;Critique of Charismatic Violence,and#34; symploke, Volume 20, Numbers 1-2, 2012, MUSE, JS)

The September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks in New York, Pennsylvania, and Virginia
AND
to be of the and#34;preventiveand#34; kind with Iran (Greenwald 2012).
The new war lexicon is one symptom of the unprecedented expansion of executive power following
AND
actually existing bureaucratic forms. Such is the task of the following section.

1NC

The aff commodofies the suffering of the Pakistani people in exchange for your ballot in the debate economy—-playing a game where we move scenarios of suffering around like chesspieces for our own personal enjoyment is the most unethical form of intellectual imperialism

Baudrillard 94 ~Jean, and#34;The Illusion of the Endand#34; p. 66-71~
We have long denounced the capitalistic, economic exploitation of the poverty of the  ’other
AND
demographic catastrophe, a veritable epidemic which we deplore each day in pictures.

And—-they are the brokers of trauma on the academic market

Colvin 6 (chris, medical anthropologist and works as Senior Research Officer in Social Sciences and HIV/AIDS, TB and STIs with the Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit in the School of Public Health and Family Medicine at the University of Cape Town, PhD Candidate at UVA dept of Anthro, Trafficking trauma: Intellectual property  rights and the political economy of  traumatic storytelling, SSN 0256 004 Online 1992-6049   pp. 171–182)
This article begins with a brief look at Khulumani Support Group, a support group
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a victim’ 4 an anxiety over alienation from their story, once commodified. 

Translating misery into capital is a perverse system of capitalist profiting off its own excesses—-you should vote negative to reject their cherrypicking of misery and refuse to engage in the economy of trauma—-

Tomsky 11 (Terri, Ph.D in English from U-British Columbia, postdoctoral fellow in cultural memory at the University of Alberta From Sarajevo to 9/11: Travelling Memory and the Trauma Economy, Parallax Volume 17, Issue 4, 2011)
In contrast to the cosmopolitization of a Holocaust cultural memory,1 there exist experiences
AND
, the closer we will come to an understanding of how trauma travels.

Exposing and confronting ableist language, like the aff’s use of metaphors of "voice", "listening", and "vision" enhances social justice practice by expanding the universe of outsider scholarship- we best advance liberatory understanding.

Ortiz and Elrod 2 (Victoria and Jennifer, Crossroads, directions, and a new critical race theory, Ed. Valdes, Culp, and Harris, p. 265  GAL)
As with racism, sexism, classism, and homophobia, we began increasingly to
AND
expanding universe of outsider scholarship has enriched both our work and our Lives.

B. This must be a voting issue – Ableist Speech strengthens oppression and destroys the purposes of public debate – the impacts trump the other warrants in their arguments

Wheelchair Dancer, 4/28/8
("On Making Argument: Disability and Language", http://cripwheels.blogspot.com/2008/04/on-making-argument-disability-and.html-http://cripwheels.blogspot.com/2008/04/on-making-argument-disability-and.html Accessed: 2/10/11  GAL)
If you are feeling a little bit of resistance, here, I’d ask you to think about it. If perhaps what I am saying feels like a burden — too much to take on? a restriction on your carefree speech? — perhaps that feeling can also serve as an indicator of how pervasive and thus important the issue is. As a community, we’ve accepted that commonly used words can be slurs, and as a rule, we avoid them, hopefully in the name of principle, but sometimes only in the name of civility. Do you go around using derivatives of the b*ch word? If you do, I bet you check which community you are in.... Same thing for the N word. These days, depending on your age, you might say something is retarded or spastic, but you probably never say that it’s gay. I’d like to suggest that society as a whole has not paid the same kind of attention to disabled people’s concerns about language. By not paying attention to the literal value, the very real substantive, physical, psychological, sensory, and emotional experiences that come with these linguistic moves, we have created a negative rhetorical climate. In this world, it is too easy for feminists and people of colour to base their claims on argumentative strategies that depend, as their signature moves, on marginalizing the experience of disabled people and on disparaging their appearance and bodies. Much of the blogosphere discourse of the previous weeks has studied the relationships between race, (white) feminism and feminists, and WOC bloggers. To me, the intellectual takeaway has been an emerging understanding of how, in conversation, notions of appropriation, citation, ironization, and metaphorization can be deployed as strategies of legitimation and exclusion. And, as a result, I question how "oppressed, minoritized" groups differentiate themselves from other groups in order to seek justice and claim authority. Must we always define ourselves in opposition and distance to a minoritized and oppressed group that can be perceived as even more unsavory than the one from which one currently speaks?
As I watched the discussion about who among the feminist and WOC bloggers has power and authority and how that is achieved, I began to recognise a new power dynamic both on the internet and in the world at large. Feminism takes on misogyny. The WOC have been engaging feminism. But from my point of view, a wide variety of powerful feminist and anti-racist discourse is predicated on negative disability stereotyping. There’s a kind of hierarchy here: the lack of awareness about disability, disability culture and identity, and our civil rights movement has resulted in a kind of domino effect where disability images are the metaphor of last resort: the bottom, the worst. Disability language has about it a kind of untouchable quality — as if the horror and weakness of a disabled body were the one true, reliable thing, a touchstone to which we can turn when we know we can’t use misogynistic or racist language. When we engage in these kinds of argumentative strategies, we exclude a whole population of people whose histories are intricately bound up with ours. When we deploy these kinds of strategies to underscore the value of our own existence in the world, we reaffirm and strengthen the systems of oppression that motivated us to speak out in the first place.

Tournament: UMKC 2013 | Round: 7 | Opponent: Emporia State Smith-Haynes | Judge: Gliniecki
2NC Impact Overview
Turns the case – collapse of growth undermines transitioning democracies
Barro 99 (Robert, prof of econ @ Harvard U, “Determinants of Democracy”, Journal of Political Economy Vol. 107:6 December 1999)

Inspection of the cross-country data suggests that countries at low levels of economic
AND
a greater reliance on natural resources but has little relation to country size.

AT: Syria Thumper
Syria doesn’t trigger the link – China views the debate solely about sovereignty, not Constitutionalism
Cohen 9/12
(David, Jamestown Foundation, “China criticizes American action on Syria, but shows little interest in the result”, China Brief, September 12, 2013, http://www.jamestown.org/programs/chinabrief/single/?tx_ttnews5Btt_news5D=41347andtx_ttnews5BbackPid5D=25andcHash=5002611faca6f019a3db95a3549cebf6#.UjKen8ZeaSo)

China has been intensely critical of proposed U.S. military action in Syria
AND
commentators Luo Yuan and Dai Xu have not appeared in stories on Syria.¶ 

2NC Link Wall
Debates about legal reform fuel massive popular discontent and social unrest
DeLisle 11
(Jacques deLisle is Director of FPRI’s Asia Program and the Stephen A. Cozen Professor of Law and Professor of Political Science at the University of Pennsylvania, “Politics and Governance in the People’s Republic of China”, Foreign Policy Research Institute, Vol.16, No.7, August, https://www.fpri.org/articles/2011/08/politics-and-governance-peoples-republic-china-revolution-not-dinner-party-get-rich)

This rising inequality, and discontent about some of the policies and practices that have
AND
of the Hu Jintao years: the quest for a “harmonious society.”

This crushes Xi’s leadership and political capital, and independently leads to instability
Jia 13
(Mark Jia, Open Democracy, “Xi Jinping: a new kind of politician?”, January 15, http://www.opendemocracy.net/mark-jia/xi-jinping-new-kind-of-politician)

But Xi’s innovation is not his charisma per se – refreshing though it is after
AND
a loss of faith in existing arrangements can contribute to serious social instability.

Public support is key to the agenda – Xi’s popularity overcomes hardliner opposition
Jia 13
(Mark Jia, Open Democracy, “Xi Jinping: a new kind of politician?”, January 15, http://www.opendemocracy.net/mark-jia/xi-jinping-new-kind-of-politician)

Second, public support – even under autocracy – can translate into real political capital
AND
who can speak directly – and compassionately – to the people they govern.

The plan is seen by conservatives as a plot to undermine the Party – debates about Constitutionalism and war powers authority are perceived as western hegemonism and Public Opinion Warfare
Cohen – 8/23
(David Cohen, Jamestown Foundation, “Discipline through paranoia: the uses of a Crackdown”, China Brief, Volume 13, Issue 17, August 23, 2103, http://www.jamestown.org/uploads/media/China_Brief_Vol_13_Issue_17.pdf)

Writing in the last two issues of China Brief, Andrew Chubb raised an important
AND
and urgency” (Qiushi, August 26; Xinhua, July 15). 

Plan causes pushback from conservatives - it is seen as promoting a “color revolution”
DeLisle 11
(Jacques deLisle is Director of FPRI’s Asia Program and the Stephen A. Cozen Professor of Law and Professor of Political Science at the University of Pennsylvania, “Politics and Governance in the People’s Republic of China”, Foreign Policy Research Institute, Vol.16, No.7, August, https://www.fpri.org/articles/2011/08/politics-and-governance-peoples-republic-china-revolution-not-dinner-party-get-rich)

Constituencies and social and economic forces favoring greater rule of law are formidable and likely
AND
color revolution” and legal intellectuals and activist lawyers as particularly nettlesome critics.

Clashes with conservatives drain Xi’s political capital – he needs it all to pass policies
Cheng 13
(Joseph Yu-shek Cheng is chair professor of political science and coordinator of the contemporary China research project at City University of Hong Kong

Naturally, the new leadership, led by Xi Jinping, wants to introduce new
AND
image to consolidate power and build up political capital for policy initiatives later.  

Nationalist backlash tanks political capital and prevents economic reform agenda
Lieberthal 3/14
(Kenneth Lieberthal on PBS News Hour, interview with Judy Woodruff, http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/asia/jan-june13/china_03-14.html)

KENNETH LIEBERTHAL: Well, he's already tried to change the style by being much
AND
looking for trouble internationally. He'd rather avoid if it if he can.¶ 

And the link is empirically true – the transition to the current regime proves
Li 13
(Dr. Cheng Li is Director of Research, John L. Thornton China Center and Senior Fellow in Foreign Policy at Brookings, “Rule of the Princelings”, Brookings Research Articles, February 10, http://www.brookings.edu/research/articles/2013/02/china-xi-jinping-li)

The ideological differences between Wen on one end of the factional spread and politically conservative
AND
to fall largely silent during the most crucial period of the leadership succession.

Chinese courts are explicitly modeling other court systems in the areas of judicial independence, legitimacy, and procedure
Zelin 2005
(Su, Vice President, the Supreme People’s Court of P.R.China, “THE SITUATION, ACHIEVEMENTS AND PROSPECT OF JUDICIAL REFORM IN CHINA”, November 24, Judicial Reform Network Conference, jrn21.supremecourt.gov.ph/files/documents/paper20-20Justice20SU20Zelin20_China_.pdf)

Good morning! My colleagues and I are very glad to attend this conference.¶
AND
were successively carried¶ out., which greatly push forward Chinese judicial reform.

Internet technology guarantees that American legal decisions will be modeled in China
Rhyne 2000
(Charles S. Rhyne, Former President of the American Bar Association, “The Original Creation and Future Impact of Law Day: Law Empowering People to Be Free from 1958 to the New  Millennium”, Law Library of Congress Law Day Celebration, American Bar Association Network, May 1, 2000, http://www.abanet.org/publiced/lawday/rhyne2000.html)

The Internet can help bring this kind of law to the peoples of the world
AND
which are enforced daily, will strengthen the urge to reform at home. 

The export of US Constitutional norms increases pressure on China, erodes legitimacy and causes instability
Backer 13
(Larry Catá Backer is Professor of Law and International Affairs at Penn State University, “Towards a Robust Theory of the Chinese Constitutional State”, Penn State Law Research Paper No. 25-2013, May 8, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2262555)

Professor Jiang recently published an article on Chinese constitutionalism that deserves¶ careful study.
AND
the Western “constitutional norms,” producing both formal compliance and¶ instability.

2NC: The DA
Xi is pushing workable reforms, he needs political capital to overcome conservative resistance, failure will cause social unrest
Wukailong 13
(“Political Reform in China Part 3: When and what”, Pacific Rim Shots, January 13, http://pacificrimshots.com/political-reform-in-china-part-3-when-and-what/)

The third alternative, which might look more like a patchwork than a coherent program
AND
China. I’m going to touch on these issues in a coming post.

AT: Regime Resilient
Xi’s ability to overcome opposition to reform is the only way to prevent CCP collapse
Herd 12
(Dr Graeme Herd is a Senior Programme Advisor and Senior Fellow, Leadership in Conflict Management Programme and Security Policy at the Geneva Centre for Security Policy, “The Red Dynasty’s Game of Thrones: Xi Jinping’s Trilemma?”, November 27, http://www.gcsp.ch/Leadership-in-Conflict-Management/Programme-News/Web-Editorial-The-Red-Dynasty-s-Game-of-Thrones-Xi-Jinping-s-Trilemma)

The resolution of Deng Xiaoping central dilemma generated a set of structural and systemic challenges
AND
the Red Dynasty’s end a certainty, and its successor a known unknown.

AT: Domestic Stability
There is very little risk of China challenging the US in Asia or starting a war, only domestic political turmoil could cause Sino-US conflict
Sutter 2007
(Robert Sutter, School of Foreign Service, Georgetown University, “Does China Seek to Dominate Asia and Reduce US influence as a Regional Power?”, Carnegie Debates, April 20, http://carnegieendowment.org/files/Sutter_paper.pdf)

To answer the question, I follow a pattern used in my long professional career
AND
power in Asia and by pervasive hedging of independent-minded Asian governments.  

I/L: Chinese Media
The plan will be spun as an attempt to undermine China – Ideological fortification will guarantee opposition
Chen 10
(Titus C. Chen, Institute of International Relations, National Chengchi University “CHINA’S REACTION TO THE COLOR REVOLUTIONS: ADAPTIVE AUTHORITARIANISM IN FULL SWING”, ASIAN PERSPECTIVE, Vol. 34, No. 2, 2010, http://www.asianperspective.org/articles/v34n2-a.pdf)

Ideological fortification and political domination require cooperation of the mass media to justify and disseminate
AND
believers and active defenders of Marxism-Leninism in the media industry.39

Tournament: UMKC 2013 | Round: 7 | Opponent: Emporia State Smith-Haynes | Judge: Gliniecki
AT: No Solve Torture
The executive has restrained itself in the area of aggressive questioning
Sales 12
(Nathan, Professor of Law at Georgetown, 7/3, Georgetown, “Self-Restrain and National Security,” http://jnslp.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/08__Sales_Master_6-28-12-NS.pdf) 

The first example of self-restraint is also the most recent. On January
AND
out some relatively benign techniques that they likely do not regard as illegal.

AT: Judicial Affs – Credibility
Using restraint in legal situations adds credibility to the decision
Katyal 6
(Neal Kumar, Professor of Law, 5/5, Georgetown University Law Center, Internal Separation of Powers: Checking Today’s Most Dangerous Branch From Within,” http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=900820)

 The executive has some self-interest in developing an insulated adjudicator¶ of
AND
be mechanisms that operate after the Director’s¶ review to further preserve accountability.

AT: Only Courts Solve
The Courts will fail – only executive restraints have the power to solve
Katyal 6
(Neal Kumar, Professor of Law, 5/5, Georgetown University Law Center, Internal Separation of Powers: Checking Today’s Most Dangerous Branch From Within,” http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=900820)

America faces a choice. It can either take its chances with an executive¶
AND
reporting requirements–some of this movement can be pulled back toward equilibrium.

Tournament: UMKC 2013 | Round: 1 | Opponent: Trinity Ha-Mithani | Judge: Russell
Li has momentum and political capital now, but needs it all to push economic reform.  Failure collapses the economy and the Party.
Chen 9/6
(George Chen, South China Morning Post, “Li Keqiang fought strong opposition for Shanghai free-trade zone plan”, September 6, http://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1282793/li-fought-strong-opposition-shanghai-free-trade-zone-plan)

Premier Li Keqiang fought open opposition from financial regulators in his bid to push through
AND
protected areas of the economy directly into the path of efficient global competitors.

The plan drains political capital and erodes legitimacy – it forces controversial debate about China’s Constitutional implementation
Backer 13
(Larry Catá Backer is Professor of Law and International Affairs at Penn State University, “Towards a Robust Theory of the Chinese Constitutional State”, Penn State Law Research Paper No. 25-2013, May 8, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2262555)

In a world in which regime changes are predicated on the legitimacy of the state
AND
in China are  educated in the West, mostly in the United States.  

The failure of “Likonomics” collapses the global economy and causes CCP collapse
Wang 9/4
(Zheng Wang is an Associate Professor in the School of Diplomacy and International Relations at Seton Hall University, “How China’s Economic Rebalancing is like the Movie ‘Speed’”, The Diplomat, September 4, 2013, http://thediplomat.com/china-power/how-chinas-economic-rebalancing-is-like-the-movie-speed/)

How many remember the Hollywood film, Speed, starring Keanu Reeves and Sandra Bullock
AND
for the global economy. Let’s wish Li good luck with his mission.

CCP collapse causes a nuclear civil war
Yee and Storey 2002
(Herbert Yee, Professor of Politics and International Relations at the Hong Kong Baptist University, and Ian Storey, Lecturer in Defence Studies at Deakin University, 2002 (The China Threat: Perceptions, Myths and Reality, RoutledgeCurzon, pg 5 bham))

The fourth factor contributing to the perception of a China threat is the fear of
AND
disintegrating China would also pose a threat to its neighbours and the world.

Tournament: UMKC 2013 | Round: 1 | Opponent: Trinity Ha-Mithani | Judge: Russell
Text: The Executive branch of the United States should publicly prohibit (PLAN)

The executive can restrain itself
Sales 12
(Nathan, Professor of Law at Georgetown, 7/3, Georgetown, “Self-Restrain and National Security,” http://jnslp.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/08__Sales_Master_6-28-12-NS.pdf)
Much of the caselaw and scholarship concerning national security rests on the assumption that the
AND
one hand behind its back,” to borrow Aharon Barak’s memorable phrase.4

Tournament: UMKC 2013 | Round: 4 | Opponent: Fresno State Holley-Tate | Judge: Reed
A. Interpretation - The affirmative should be required to read a topical policy proposal and defend its implementation.  The affirmative can only weigh advantages that stem from the implementation of the plan. 

B. Violation – The affirmative didn’t read a topical policy proposal, or doesn’t defend its implementation.  They leverage advantages based off of the endorsement of the discourse or theoretical content of the 1AC, not the plan.

C. Impact - Framework should be a procedural voting issue for reasons of fairness and topic specific education.

Policy debate is good for education, engagement, and empathy.  Clear rules, a stable topic, institutional role-playing and simulation are integral to the process.
Lantis 8 Jeffrey S., Professor in the Department of political science and Chair of the
International Relations Program at The College of Wooster, “The State of the Active Teaching and Learning Literature,” International Studies Association Compendium, February 2008, http://www.isacompss.com/info/samples/thestateoftheactiveteachingandlearningliterature_sample.pdf

Simulations, games, and role-play represent a third important set of active
AND
topic, the development of empathy, and acquisition and retention of knowledge.

Refusal to engage in institutional reform reduces inquiry to narcissism.  There is a direct tradeoff with productive discussion and research.
Chandler 9 David, Professor of International Relations at the University of Westminster, “Questioning Global Political Activism,” What is Radical Politics Today? October 2009, pgs. 81-82

Today more and more people are ‘doing politics’ in their academic work. This
AND
peers and colleagues at the level of political or intellectual debate and organisation. 

Only debates about engaging institutions can produce social change.  Disengagement from politics fractures coalitions and reinforces conservatism.
Mouffe 9 Chantal, Professor of Political Theory at the Centre for the Study of Democracy, University of Westminster, “The Importance of Engaging the State,” What is Radical Politics Today? October 2009, pgs. 233-237

In both Hardt and Negri, and Virno, there is therefore emphasis upon ‘
AND
my view, is how we should conceive the nature of radical politics. 

Conservative forces always exist; only policy discussions can persuade them to support change.
Kerbel- no date Susan G., clinical psychologist and co-founder of Cognitive Policy Works, “From the Couch to the Culture: How Psychological Analysis Can Strengthen the Progressive Agenda,” Cognitive Policy Works, http://www.cognitivepolicyworks.com/trash/psychology-and-politics/

The psychology of change: This is one of the great hidden powers of clinical
AND
drag of resistance, and minimize its impact on moving the agenda forward.

Tournament: UMKC 2013 | Round: 4 | Opponent: Fresno State Holley-Tate | Judge: Reed
Their belief in the free and open space to discuss the body is already a gendered concept. This belief destroys the value to life for women, reducing them to mere perpetuation of existence.
Kruks 1987
(Sonia Kruks is the Robert S. Danforth Professor of Politics at Oberlin, “Simone de Beauvoir and the Limits to Freedom”, Social Text, No. 17 (Autumn, 1987), pp. 111-122, http://www.jstor.org/stable/466482)

In her autobiography, Simone de Beauvoir at one point  looks back to  a damp
AND
want to argue, proved  to be  impossible within the  confines of Sartreanism. 

?
The psychology and philosophy of radical freedom is predicated on the idea of woman as a threat to freedom.  It is designed to deny consciousness to woman and promote male domination.
Simons 1990
(Margaret A Simons, Professor of Philosophical Studies at Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, “Sexism and the Philosophical Canon: On Reading Beauvoir's The Second Sex”, Journal of the History of Ideas, Vol. 51, No. 3 (Jul. - Sep., 1990), pp. 487-504, http://www.jstor.org/stable/2709626)

Barrett gives  three objections  to Sartre's dualistic psychology: man is isolated  from nature the
AND
and at the same time have  incorporated The Second Sex into his  analysis. 

Radical freedom cannot take place without institutional change designed to allow women the equal capacity to assert their freedom.  The belief in radical autonomy can only produce gender inequality if not preceded by calls for institutional transformation.
Kruks 1987
(Sonia Kruks is the Robert S. Danforth Professor of Politics at Oberlin, “Simone de Beauvoir and the Limits to Freedom”, Social Text, No. 17 (Autumn, 1987), pp. 111-122, http://www.jstor.org/stable/466482)

If we compare de Beauvoir's account of woman's situation with Sartre's discussion of situation in
AND
,  in  time  an  "inner metamorphosis" will  also  take  place.28

Tournament: UMKC 2013 | Round: 4 | Opponent: Fresno State Holley-Tate | Judge: Reed
Failure to engage in political solutions to the problem of racism allow the right to reappropriate racist rhetoric into new policies of racial exclusion.  Their denunciation of racism and insistence on the priority of race over politics guarantees continued racism.
Winant 2006
(Howard, Temple University, "Race and Racism: Towards a Global Future." Ethnic and Racial Studies. Vol.¶ 29, no. 5 (September 2006), pp. 986-1003. http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/routledge/01419870.html)

These contradictions are indications of the uncertainties of the current moment in racial politics.
AND
some painful defeats; it was also a valuable lesson about racial politics.
?
Highlighting the USFG as a source of racial injustice and calling for rejection is a failing movement.  We must discuss political solutions, rather than radical rejection, to explain contemporary racial dynamics.
Winant 2006
(Howard, Temple University, "Race and Racism: Towards a Global Future." Ethnic and Racial Studies. Vol.¶ 29, no. 5 (September 2006), pp. 986-1003. http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/routledge/01419870.html)

Question: what happened to the civil rights movement ideal of a colorblind society?
AND
nonracialism, intersectionality, etc. -- that are the central subjects here. 

Universalizing the fact of blackness homogenizes the black community, prevents political and moral discernment, and leads to an unproductive interpretation of racial identity.
Glaude 1
(Eddie S. Glaude Jr. is the William S. Tod Professor of Religion and African American Studies, Department of Religion, and Chair, Center for African American Studies at Princeton University, “Pragmatism and Black Identity: An Alternative Approach”, Nepantla: Views from South, Volume 2, Issue 2, 2001, pp. 295-316, Muse)

So let us call this view the archeological approach. Here black identity is about
AND
about the terms in which deliberations about particular moral  questions are best conducted.

The state creates the conditions that influence identity and community, debates that ignore the political process are useless
Meyer 2
(David S. Meyer is associate professor of sociology at the University of California, Irvine, “Opportunities and Identities: Bridge-Building in the Study of Social Movements”, Social Movements:
Identity, Culture, and the State, Oxford University Press, 2002)

2. Politics and Identity.We need to link notions of identity to an
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chapter about gay and lesbian politics in Vermont (also see Bernstein 1997).

Refusal to accept the capacity of demands on the state to be productive creates a passive view of activism that denies agency and prevents effective action
Meyer 2
(David S. Meyer is associate professor of sociology at the University of California, Irvine, “Opportunities and Identities: Bridge-Building in the Study of Social Movements”, Social Movements:
Identity, Culture, and the State, Oxford University Press, 2002)

As noted, of the scholars studying social protest, some look at movements from
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advancing political claims (Meyer and Whittier 1994; Sawyers and Meyer 1999).

Focusing on legal and political solutions is key to highlighting problems with the state and preventing a parochialized decentralization of issues of exclusion
Varsanyi 2008
(Monica W. Varsanyi is a professor of Government at John Jay College, City University of New York, “Rescaling the “Alien,” Rescaling Personhood: Neoliberalism, Immigration, and the State”, Annals of the Association of American Geographers, Volume 98, Number 1, March 2008, http://pdfserve.informaworld.com/853365_731200419_902164854.pdf )

Through an analysis of relevant legislation and court cases (in other words, statutory
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is not well with the neoliberal state” (Harvey 2005, 78). 

Incremental change is a necessary precondition to improving equality and citizenship, their criticism of our incrementalism removes a valuable tactical tool against inequality
Lindberg 13
(Tod Lindberg is a research fellow at the Hoover Institution and a member of its task force on the Virtues of a Free Society, “Left 3.0”, Policy Review, February 1, http://www.hoover.org/publications/policy-review/article/139271)

If classical liberalism emerged in part as a rebellion against hereditary privilege, modern American
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the time would have scoffed at the alarmism and foresworn any such possibility.

Ritualized denunciations of racism fail to erode support for racism.  We need concrete state action and civic engagement to oppose white supremacy, otherwise the movement fails.
Flood 1997
(Christopher Flood, University of Surrey, “Pierre-André Taguieff and the Dilemmas of Antiracism”, L'Esprit Createur, Volume 37, Number 2, Summer 1997, pp. 68-78, muse)

Taguieff's own response to the problem has several strands. He maintains that racism and
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media (and by the associations themselves in competition to assert their importance). 

(Note, the FN is the National Front, a French racist/hypernationalist group)

Advocacies that oppose racism must offer pragmatic solutions and rational choices.  Reducing debate to the opposition to antiblackness allows racist ideologies, thoughts, and actions to reassert themselves in the guise of condoning difference.
Flood 1997
(Christopher Flood, University of Surrey, “Pierre-André Taguieff and the Dilemmas of Antiracism”, L'Esprit Createur, Volume 37, Number 2, Summer 1997, pp. 68-78, muse)

As the Appel and Droit's article suggested, the other controversial position adopted by Taguieff
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national independence, national community, and the traditional role of the state.

Tournament: UMKC 2013 | Round: 1 | Opponent: Trinity Ha-Mithani | Judge: Russell
Fiscal battles are at the top of the docket – Obama has enough clout post Syria to get the debt ceiling hiked it’ll be a fight and PC is key
EuroNews 9-11-13 (http://kfgo.com/news/articles/2013/sep/11/delay-in-syria-vote-frees-obama-to-shift-to-hefty-domestic-agenda/)

WASHINGTON (Reuters) – Putting off a decision on military strikes on Syria allows
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Obama has said he has no intention of negotiating over the borrowing limit. 

Restrictions on the Presidents war powers authority crush his credibility and derail his agenda
Edwards and Howell 9 George C., University Distinguished Professor of Political Science and Jordan Chair in Presidential Studies at Texas AandM University, and William G., Sydney Stein Professor in American Politics at the University of Chicago Harris School of Public Policy Studies, The Oxford Handbook of the American Presidency, 2009

Yet, manipulating public opinion and bringing popular pressures to bear on the president to
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actors may have significant political ramifications for his or her future power prospects. 

Losing triggers a double dip recession
Shewell 8-22-13 (Alan. Staff Writer. Record. http://www.lompocrecord.com/news/opinion/editorial/commentary/forward-view/the-importance-of-raising-the-debt-ceiling/article_32446fac-0ae2-11e3-8db4-0019bb2963f4.html)

Once again, in the coming weeks, Congress is going to address the issue
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us have over whether some past debts should have been incurred or not.

Economic collapse causes global nuclear war
Friedberg and Schoenfeld, 2008  Aaron, Prof. Politics. And IR @ Princeton’s Woodrow Wilson School and Visiting Scholar @ Witherspoon Institute, and Gabriel, Senior Editor of Commentary and Wall Street Journal, “The Dangers of a Diminished America” http://online.wsj.com/article/SB122455074012352571.html

Then there are the dolorous consequences of a potential collapse of the world's financial architecture
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of these countries seek to divert attention from internal travails with external adventures.

Tournament: UMKC 2013 | Round: 1 | Opponent: Trinity Ha-Mithani | Judge: Russell
The affirmative’s call for governmental action is a form of apocalyptic nostalgia that is used to pacify their unfolding fears of catastrophe
Lindsey 12 (Dr Jason, PhD in Political Science from Columbia University and is currently Associate Professor and Chair of Political Science at St. Cloud State University, Baudrillard’s Simulated Politics and Debord’s Agents of Detournement, journal of baud studies vol 9 nmbr 3)
I. Introduction
 For the political scientist, Baudrillard's work on simulation and the hyperreal is prescient
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our contemporary situation, is a greater challenge (see also Lindsey 2007).

How we can reform the state is the wrong question to be asking—only a full frontal rejection of the United States federal government is able to solve
Herod 1 (James, Columbia University and published author, “A Stake, Not a Mistake: On Not Seeing the Enemy,” October 2001, http://www.jamesherod.info/index.php?sec=paperandid=9, JS)
Unfortunately though, for much of the American Left (especially for its so-
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been, and from which it will be next to impossible to escape.

The alternative is to refuse the care of the state. Frontal ideological assaults on power re-entrench status quo domination—only the alternative’s indifference to power can actualize resistance—empirics go neg on this question.
Prozorov ‘7 (Sergei, Collegium Research Fellow, Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Finland, “The Unrequited Love of Power: Biopolitical
Investment and the Refusal of Care,” Foucault Studies, no. 4, pp. 53-77, AM)

Pace the interpretations which argue that this cynical dissimulation was in fact helpful to the
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instill fear was drastically diminished, the fate of the system was sealed.