Tournament: Gonzaga | Round: 2 | Opponent: Weber State Chadwick-Sanchez | Judge: Parker
Contention 1 is Yemen:
Signature strikes create a unique blowback in Yemen—they drive recruitment and attacks—that destroys Yemeni stability and create an al Qaeda safe haven
Emker 2013(Stacey, Whitehead School of Diplomacy and International Relations, January 14, "Analyzing the US Counterterrorism Strategy in Yemen", http://blogs.shu.edu/diplomacy/2013/01/analyzing-the-us-counterterrorism-strategy-in-yemen/)

The United States has placed great emphasis on fighting the militant Islamic group based in
AND
of President Hadi to target only key, local Yemeni leaders of AQAP.

Signature strikes uniquely prevent effective local cooperation—that prevents effectiveness
Johnsen 2013(Gregory, Author of "The Last Refuge: Yemen, al-Qaida, and America's War in Arabia", August 16, "Three steps toward beating Al-Qaida in Yemen", http://www.miamiherald.com/2013/08/16/3565129_p2/three-steps-toward-beating-al.html)

Somewhere in Yemen are about two dozen individuals whom the United States is looking to
AND
Qaida, with the U.S. allying with its Yemeni partners.

Review of kill lists is uniquely key—the present strategy causes distrust and prevents cooperation necessary to solve terrorism
Foust 2011(Joshua, Fellow at the American Security Project, December 30, "Unaccountable Killing Machines: The True Cost of U.S. Drones", http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2011/12/unaccountable-killing-machines-the-true-cost-of-us-drones/250661/)
*we do not endorse ableist langauge

The upside to this system of drones, administration officials insist, is that al
AND
for who these dead people are and what crimes they may have committed. 

AQAP will gain the material to initiate a nuclear terrorist attack
Williams 2011 (Sarah, Coordinator of the Fissile Materials Working Group and Herbert Scoville Jr. Peace Fellow at the Center for Science, Technology and sEcurity Policy, "After bin Laden: Nuclear terrorism still a top threat," Bulletin of Atomic Scientists - Fissile MAterials Working Group, May 13, www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/columnists/fissile-materials-working-group/after-bin-laden-nuclear-terrorism-still-top-t)

More than a decade ago, Osama bin Laden professed that "acquiring chemical
AND
Al Qaeda, a US priority must be securing this potential source material.

Terrorist retaliation causes nuclear war – draws in Russia and China
Ayson 2010(Robert, Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Volume 33, Issue 7, July, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via InformaWorld)

A terrorist nuclear attack, and even the use of nuclear weapons in response by
AND
be admitted that any preemption would probably still meet with a devastating response.

AQAP will launch attacks on India
Roychowdhury 2011(Gen. Shankar Roychowdhury is a former Chief of Army Staff and a former member of Parliament, “India needs a 360° terror appraisal”, September 6, Deccan Chronicle, http://www.deccanchronicle.com/editorial/dc-comment/india-needs-360C2B0-terror-appraisal-659)

In this context, Al Qaeda and its emerging connections in Yemen have become very
AND
take due note of other threats as well and exercise the requisite caution. 

A new terrorist attack sparks Indo-pak nuclear war
Zarate 2011 (Juan C. Zarate, Sunday, February 20, 2011, “An alarming South Asia powder keg”, Washington Post, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/02/18/AR2011021805662.html)

In 1914, a terrorist assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo - unleashing geopolitical forces
AND
for broader geopolitical crises may be the greatest threat we face from terrorism. 

Indo Pak war causes extinction
Chaffin 11 (Greg Chaffin 11, Research Assistant at Foreign Policy in Focus, July 8, 2011, “Reorienting U.S. Security Strategy in South Asia,” online: http://www.fpif.org/articles/reorienting_us_security_strategy_in_south_asia)

The greatest threat to regional security (although curiously not at the top of most
AND
lead to all-out war between the two that could quickly escalate.

Terrorism uniquely causes conflict—overrides other checks on conflict
Tripathi 2012 (Dhananjay, Assistant Professor at the Department of International Relations at South Asian University in New Delhi, “Energy Security : The Functional Area of Regional Cooperation for South Asia”, http://133.87.26.249/dspace/bitstream/2115/50918/1/EBR3-2_006.pdf) 

The problem does not lie on the effort side or with the number of formal
AND
, and there is a need for better cooperation in some functional area.

Yemen is the training ground for terrorism against Saudi Arabia
Ulrichsen 2011 (Kristian, Kuwait Research Fellow in the Kuwait Programme for Development, Governance and Globalisation in the Gulf States Centre for the Study of Global Governance at the London SChool of Economics and Political SCience, "The Geopolitics of Insecurity in the Horn of Africa and the Arabian Peninsula," Middle East Policy Council, http://www.mepc.org/journal/middle-east-policy-archives/geopolitics-insecurity-horn-africa-and-arabian-peninsula?print)

The reconstitution of AQAP in January 2009, following the merger of al-Qaeda's
AND
to internal security in Yemen and regional stability in the Arabian Peninsula.9

Oil Attacks would be successful and collapse the market – centralized production and global swing reserves
Gartenstein-Ross 2011 (Daveed, Directs the Center for the Study of Terrorist Radicalization at the Foundation for the Defense of Democracies, "Osama's Oil Obsession," Foreign Policy, May 23, www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/05/23/osamas_oil_obsession)

Bin Laden long believed that undermining the U.S. economy was central to
AND
there isn't a place that they could reach that they didn't think about."

Oil shocks cause a laundry list of existential threats
King 2008 (Neil, Researcher at the Center for New American Security and Columnist at the Wall Street Journal"Peak Oil: A Survey of Security Concerns," Center for a New American Secuirty, Energy Security Visionaries Series, July, www.aspousa.org/aspousa4/proceedings/_CNAS_King_Peak_Oil_WorkingPaper.pdf)

Many commentators in the United States and abroad have begun to wrestle with the question
AND
elected officials seek out those who are to blame for the country’s travails. 

Contention 2 is Modeling
Turkey models U.S. drone policy—armed use collapses negotiations with the PKK and re-ignites conflict with the Kurds
Stein 2013 (Aaron, Ph.D candidate at King’s College and the Nonproliferation Program Director at the Center for Economics and Foreign Policy Studies, February 26, “Turkey’s Negotiations with the Kurdistan Workers’ Party and Armed Drones”, http://turkeywonk.wordpress.com/2013/02/26/turkeys-negotiations-with-the-kurdistan-workers-party-and-armed-drones/)

Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan has recently re-intiated peace talks with Abdullah Ocalan
AND
the perspective of AKP political operatives, help them grow their voter base.

That prevents a strong Turkish role in the Middle East—causes instability and draws Turkey into Syria
Kiri?ci 2013 (Kemal,  TÜS?AD Senior Fellow, Foreign Policy, Center on the United States and Europe, August 15, " The Rise and Fall of Turkey as a Model for the Arab World", http://www.brookings.edu/research/opinions/2013/08/15-rise-and-fall-turkey-model-middle-east)

As the Arab Spring spread from Tunisia to the rest of the Middle East early
AND
East rather than an inspiration for pluralist democracy, consensus building and tolerance.

Turkey draw-in causes nuclear escalation
Snyder 2011 (Michael, has two law degrees from the University of Florida, attorney that has worked for some of the largest and most prominent law firms in Washington D.C., June 28, “Could We Actually See A War Between Syria And Turkey?” endoftheamericandream.com/archives/could-we-actually-see-a-war-between-syria-and-turkey)

In recent days, there have been persistent rumors that we could potentially be on
AND
us just hope that World War III does not erupt as a result.

Most probable scenario for nuclear escalation
Russell 2009 (James A. Russell, Senior Lecturer, National Security Affairs, Naval Postgraduate School, Spring, “Strategic Stability Reconsidered: Prospects for Escalation and Nuclear War in the Middle East” IFRI, Proliferation Papers, #26, http://www.ifri.org/downloads/PP26_Russell_2009.pdf)

Strategic stability in the region is thus undermined by various factors: (1)
AND
the peoples of the region, with substantial risk for the entire world. 

Thus the plan: The United States federal government should ban the use of signature strikes 

Contention 3 is Solvency
Executive action alone fails—it’s created an aura of mistrust that prevents cooperation and won’t be modeled effectively
Goldsmith 13
(Jack Goldsmith is the Henry L. Shattuck Professor at Harvard Law School, “Jack Goldsmith is the Henry L. Shattuck Professor at Harvard Law School”, Lawfare Blog, March 7, 2013, http://www.lawfareblog.com/2013/03/why-the-administration-needs-to-get-congress-on-board-for-its-stealth-war/)

I disagree with Steve’s claim that we don’t know how the government conceives of its
AND
at that point the administration will wish it had gone to Congress sooner.

Modifying U.S. kill lists solves international leadership, terrorism and backlash, and prevents bad modeling
Boyle 2013 (Michael, Ph.D, the Royal Institute, January, "The costs and consequences of drone warfare", International Affairs 89 : 1 (2013) 1–29, http://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/public/International20Affairs/2013/89_1/89_1Boyle.pdf)

Even though it has now been confronted with blowback from drones in the failed Times
AND
to shrug off the loss of life that drones inflict on others today. 

Oversight and changing the target list solves resentment and bad modeling
Ellison 2013(Keith, Representative from Minnesota's 5th District, January 17, "Building a better U.S. drone policy", http://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2013/01/17/commentary/building-a-better-u-s-drone-policy/#.Ua2CiOv3izc)

As the frequency of drone strikes spikes again, there are some questions: How
AND
judicial review would diffuse executive power and provide a mechanism for greater oversight.

Tournament: UMKC 2013 | Round: 1 | Opponent: Texas Coggeshall-Daniels | Judge: Murillo
Contention 1 is Yemen:

1) Signature strikes create a unique blowback in Yemen—they drive recruitment and attacks—that destroys Yemeni stability and creates an al Qaeda safe haven
Emker 2013(Stacey, Whitehead School of Diplomacy and International Relations, January 14, and#34;Analyzing the US Counterterrorism Strategy in Yemenand#34;, http://blogs.shu.edu/diplomacy/2013/01/analyzing-the-us-counterterrorism-strategy-in-yemen/)

The United States has placed great emphasis on fighting the militant Islamic group based in
AND
of President Hadi to target only key, local Yemeni leaders of AQAP.

2) Signature strikes uniquely prevent effective local cooperation—that prevents effectiveness
Johnsen 2013(Gregory, Author of and#34;The Last Refuge: Yemen, al-Qaida, and Americaand#39;s War in Arabiaand#34;, August 16, and#34;Three steps toward beating Al-Qaida in Yemenand#34;, http://www.miamiherald.com/2013/08/16/3565129_p2/three-steps-toward-beating-al.html)

Somewhere in Yemen are about two dozen individuals whom the United States is looking to
AND
Qaida, with the U.S. allying with its Yemeni partners.

3) Signature strikes independently ruin the effectiveness of foreign aid—that prevents effective counter terror policy
Zenko 2013(Micah, Council on Foreign Relations, January, and#34;Reforming U.S. Drone Strike Policiesand#34;, Council Special Report No. 65)

At the same time, some drone strikes contradict stated nonmilitary foreign policy objectives.
AND
armed struggles, because it is explicitly intervening on behalf of the government.

4) Review of kill lists is uniquely key—the present strategy causes distrust and prevents cooperation necessary to solve terrorism
Foust 2011(Joshua, Fellow at the American Security Project, December 30, and#34;Unaccountable Killing Machines: The True Cost of U.S. Dronesand#34;, http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2011/12/unaccountable-killing-machines-the-true-cost-of-us-drones/250661/)
*we do not endorse ableist langauge

The upside to this system of drones, administration officials insist, is that al
AND
for who these dead people are and what crimes they may have committed. 

5) AQAP will gain the material to initiate a nuclear terrorist attack
Williams 2011 (Sarah, Coordinator of the Fissile Materials Working Group and Herbert Scoville Jr. Peace Fellow at the Center for Science, Technology and sEcurity Policy, and#34;After bin Laden: Nuclear terrorism still a top threat,and#34; Bulletin of Atomic Scientists - Fissile MAterials Working Group, May 13, www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/columnists/fissile-materials-working-group/after-bin-laden-nuclear-terrorism-still-top-t)

More than a decade ago, Osama bin Laden professed that and#34;acquiring chemical
AND
Al Qaeda, a US priority must be securing this potential source material.

6) Terrorist retaliation causes nuclear war – draws in Russia and China
Ayson 2010(Robert, Professor of Strategic Studies and Director of the Centre for Strategic Studies: New Zealand at the Victoria University of Wellington, “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects,” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Volume 33, Issue 7, July, Available Online to Subscribing Institutions via InformaWorld)

A terrorist nuclear attack, and even the use of nuclear weapons in response by
AND
be admitted that any preemption would probably still meet with a devastating response.

7) Retaliation defense doesn’t apply – three reasons
Brenner 2010 (Michael, Professor of International Affairs at the University of Pittsburgh, and#34;When do We Go To War in Yemen?and#34; The National Journal, January 5, http://security.nationaljournal.com/2010/01/when-do-we-go-to-war-in-yemen.php#1403177)

We appear trapped in a room convinced that behind one of the walls lies the
AND
if it were ‘garbage time’ in a mid-season NBA game.

8) AQAP will launch attacks on India
Roychowdhury 2011(Gen. Shankar Roychowdhury is a former Chief of Army Staff and a former member of Parliament, “India needs a 360° terror appraisal”, September 6, Deccan Chronicle, http://www.deccanchronicle.com/editorial/dc-comment/india-needs-360C2B0-terror-appraisal-659)

In this context, Al Qaeda and its emerging connections in Yemen have become very
AND
take due note of other threats as well and exercise the requisite caution. 

9) A new terrorist attack sparks Indo-pak nuclear war and causes extinction
Zarate 2011 (Juan C. Zarate, Sunday, February 20, 2011, “An alarming South Asia powder keg”, Washington Post, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/02/18/AR2011021805662.html)

In 1914, a terrorist assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo - unleashing geopolitical forces
AND
for broader geopolitical crises may be the greatest threat we face from terrorism. 

10) Terrorism uniquely causes conflict—overrides other checks on conflict
Tripathi 2012 (Dhananjay, Assistant Professor at the Department of International Relations at South Asian University in New Delhi, “Energy Security : The Functional Area of Regional Cooperation for South Asia”, http://133.87.26.249/dspace/bitstream/2115/50918/1/EBR3-2_006.pdf) 

The problem does not lie on the effort side or with the number of formal
AND
, and there is a need for better cooperation in some functional area.

Contention 2 is Modeling

1) United States drone use is setting a destabilizing precedent—ending signature strikes is key to set up a legal framework that prevents miscalculation
Zenko 2013(Micah, Council on Foreign Relations, January, and#34;Reforming U.S. Drone Strike Policiesand#34;, Council Special Report No. 65)

Over the past decade, the use of unmanned aerial systems—commonly referred to
AND
nations to use these technologies responsibly, we must use them responsibly.”4

2) U.S. precedent from drone use causes multiple scenarios for miscalculation—risks escalation in every global hotspot
Dowd 2013(Alan, Writes on National Defense and Foreign Polcy for Parameters, Spring, and#34;Drone Wars: Risks and Warningsand#34;, http://strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/parameters/Issues/WinterSpring_2013/1_Article_Dowd.pdf)

Second, power-projecting nations are following America’s lead and developing their own drones
AND
spawned a new era of danger for the United States and its allies.

3) China models US drone strikes – specifically their signature strike model
Ingersoll and Kelley 13 (Geoffrey, English degree from Penn State; Marine Veteran; Masters in Journalism from New York University, Michael, BA in Philosophy from Northwestern; Masters in Journalism from Medill School of Journalism at Northwestern University, America Is Setting A Dangerous Precedent For The Drone Age, http://www.businessinsider.com/america-is-setting-a-dangerous-precedent-for-the-drone-age-2013-1, January 9th 2013, JKE)

The decisions America makes today regarding drone policy could come back to haunt it sooner
AND
. must reform its policies or risk losing its moral and strategic advantage.

4) Drones put Senkaku conflict on the brink
Tabuchi 9/10 (Hiroko, writer for the New York Times, Japan Is Open to Placing Officials on Disputed Islands, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/11/world/asia/japan-open-to-placing-officials-on-disputed-islands.html, September 10th 2013, JKE)

The fight over the uninhabited islands in the East China Sea, known as Senkaku
AND
American ally in the region, also risks drawing in the United States.

5) That causes nuclear escalation and U.S. Draw in
Blaxland and Kersten 2013(Dr. John, Senior Fellow at the Strategic and Defence Studies Center at the Australian National University, and Rikki, Professor of modern Japanese political history in the School of International, Political and Strategic Studies at the College of Asia and the Pacifific at the Australian National University, February 6, and#34;History Repeatingand#34;, http://asiapacific.anu.edu.au/news-events/all-stories/history-repeating#.UgS921OoWzc)

The recent activation of Chinese weapons radars aimed at Japanese military platforms around the Senkaku
AND
that the outcome of wars is rarely as proponents conceived at the outset.

Thus the Plan: The United States federal government should increase congressional review over the use of unstaffed aerial vehicles for targeted killings, including a ban on the use of signature strikes. 

Contention 3 is Solvency

1) Executive action alone fails—it’s created an aura of mistrust that prevents cooperation and won’t be modeled effectively
Goldsmith 13
(Jack Goldsmith is the Henry L. Shattuck Professor at Harvard Law School, “Jack Goldsmith is the Henry L. Shattuck Professor at Harvard Law School”, Lawfare Blog, March 7, 2013, http://www.lawfareblog.com/2013/03/why-the-administration-needs-to-get-congress-on-board-for-its-stealth-war/)

I disagree with Steve’s claim that we don’t know how the government conceives of its
AND
at that point the administration will wish it had gone to Congress sooner.

2) Modifying U.S. kill lists solves international leadership, terrorism and backlash, and prevents bad modeling
Boyle 2013(Michael, Ph.D, the Royal Institute, January, and#34;The costs and consequences of drone warfareand#34;, International Affairs 89 : 1 (2013) 1–29, http://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/public/International20Affairs/2013/89_1/89_1Boyle.pdf)

Even though it has now been confronted with blowback from drones in the failed Times
AND
to shrug off the loss of life that drones inflict on others today. 

3) Oversight and changing the target list solves resentment and bad modeling
Ellison 2013(Keith, Representative from Minnesotaand#39;s 5th District, January 17, and#34;Building a better U.S. drone policyand#34;, http://www.japantimes.co.jp/opinion/2013/01/17/commentary/building-a-better-u-s-drone-policy/#.Ua2CiOv3izc)

As the frequency of drone strikes spikes again, there are some questions: How
AND
judicial review would diffuse executive power and provide a mechanism for greater oversight.