Tournament: Cedanats | Round: 5 | Opponent: New Trevett-Smith | Judge: loghry
The use of “standing” is an ambulist metaphor which supports hegemonic normalcy and the reinforces the marginalization of people with disabilities.
Meekosha and Dowse 97 (Helen and Leanne, “Enabling Citizenship: Gender, Disability and Citizenship in Australia”, Feminist Review, No. 57, Autumn, p. 50-51, http://www.theresadehoyos.com/bakerhill_files/Meekosha_EnablingCitizenshpDisabilityAustralia.pdf, Accessed 2/24/11 GAL)

Disability is a feminist issue, but is largely ignored in citizenship debates. Disability
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transformedi nto a non-citizena nd a burdeno n the state. 5

“Paralysis” metaphor is overtly ableist
Gent ‘10 Pamela, PhD – Special Education – severe disabilities, in Stewart and Webster’s Problematizing Service-Learning: Critical Reflections for Development and Action, p233
We have said students are "paralyzed perfectionists" (Higgins 8c Boone, 2003
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in these quotes is in any way similar to their own lived reality.

While many of us would question the use of overtly racist or sexist language in our classrooms, we may never have questioned the use of such ableist language.

Ableism is the root cause of oppression
Davis 2 (Lennard J., Professor of English as well as of Disability and Human Development, U Illinois-Chicago, Disability, Dismodernism, and Other Difficult Positions , p. 13 GAL)
Disability offers us a way to rethink some of these dilemmas, but in order
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in many cases, the specific categories were established through these studies.

Ableist Rhetoric warrants a voting issue in this debate
Tainter, Compisi, and Richards ’97 Bill, Director – California Dept of Rehabilitation; Catherine, PhD, Asst Dir; Curtis, Asst Dir; “Cultural Diversity in the Rehabilitation System,” http://www.dinf.ne.jp/doc/english/Us_Eu/ada_e/pres_com/pres-dd/tainter.html
The term diversity is most often used when discussing issues regarding ethnic minority groups and
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unacceptable for disability as it is for race, ethnicity, or gender.

Tournament: Cedanats | Round: 1 | Opponent: Kansas Carey-Duff | Judge: Allsup
The aff’s move to be a global hegemonic leader is a cover for America’s attempt to protect and expand capitalist relations
Sakellaropoulos 8 (Spyros, Professor in the Social Policy Department of the Panteion University, American Foreign Policy as Modern Imperialism: From Armed Humanitarianism to Preemptive War, NCE and SOCIETY, 2008, Vol. 72, No. 2, 208–235

The interpretation of American foreign policy that we propose is to be distinguished from two
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time create an international framework for the reproduction of capital around the globe.

Judicial decision-making is framed by capitalism – the decisions are framed based on their advancement of accumulation of wealth
Schegel 1 (Henry Schegel, Professor of Law, State University of New York at Buffalo, 2001 (CARDOZO LAW REVIEW, March, SYMPOSIUM CRITICAL LEGAL HISTORIES: OF DUNCAN, PETER, AND THOMAS KUHN, p. 1067) (PDOCSS2323))

A judge like all other humans in the capitalist system, is "passivised within
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norm" that the judge thereafter will be called on to "apply."

Capitalism causes resource wars, economic collapses, population crises, ecological degradation, kills value to life, and magnifies all secondary antagonisms
Parr ’13 Adrian Parr, The Wrath of Capital, 2013, p. 145-147 jss
A quick snapshot of the twenty-first century so far: an economic meltdown
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must start from the point that after 2050 it may all be over.

The alternative is to reject the affirmative in favor of historical materialist analysis. Historical materialism is the best methodological approach to fighting capitalism-it provides the ideological backdrop necessary to turn theory into praxis and end capitalist exploitation
Lukacs 67 (George, Hungarian Marxist philosopher and literary critic. He is a founder of the tradition of Western Marxism. He contributed the ideas of reification and class consciousness to Marxist philosophy and theory, and his literary criticism was influential in thinking about realism and about the novel as a literary genre. He served briefly as Hungary's Minister of Culture as part of the government of the short-lived Hungarian Soviet Republic, History and Class Consciousness) 

Historical materialism has, therefore, a much greater value for the proletariat than that
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with this knowledge, it could act accordingly. 224-225

Tournament: Cedanats | Round: 5 | Opponent: New Trevett-Smith | Judge: loghry
Postmodern thought is familiar with masculinist tradition in that women’s and minority liberation are lost in translation and in attempts for emancipatory liberalism.
Cahill 2001 Ann, Rethinking Rape, pp. 65-66

Postmodernism and feminism have coexisted uneasily for some years now, and their history has
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ownership itself, so that no one else (including yourself) can. 

Postmodernism’s commitment to the death of the subject undermines any hope for women’s emancipation
Benhabib 1995 Seyla, “Feminism and Postmodernism: An Uneasy Alliance,” in Feminist Contentions: A Philosophical Exchange
Let us begin by considering the thesis of the “Death of Man” for
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at best appears to me to be making a virtue out of necessity. 

The Internet represents the commodification of women which is subject to patriarchal structures in cyberspace
Smithley 4 (Megan. “Women and the Internet: Reflections on Cyberfeminism and a Virtual Public Sphere .“ Information Technology at Queen Mary, University of London, 29 November 2004. http://www.megansmitley.org/documents/meg-smitley-cyberfeminism.pdf)
While cyberfeminism has provided feminism with a new approach to gender and technology and makes
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Western and privileged form and the feminisms of minority and Third World women.

The affirmative’s use of he/man language creates cycles of otherization of women  
Griffith 98 (Nicola, six-time winner, Lambda Award for LGBT fiction, Altair #2, http://nicolagriffith.com/tongue.html  JM)
 Language shapes our thoughts and therefore our imagination. When we read science fiction
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embedded in our very language. We become alien in our own tongue. 

Masculinity as the foundation of the nation-state makes all warfare inevitable as the roles in warfare and post-conflict management are self-perpetuating in order for the fraternal community to sustain itself
Handrahan, ‘1
(Lori M., International Centre of Gender Studies, Oxford, Conflict, Gender, Ethnicity and Post-Conflict Reconstruction, Security Dialogue 35.4)
Benedict Anderson, the well-known academic expert on identity, asserts that it
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without war (Benton, 1998: 43). War makes the man.

Tournament: Fullerton | Round: 3 | Opponent: California, Berkeley Greenbury-Wang | Judge: Eisenstadt
Legal discourse relies on a universal male norm, which measures women as deviant and excludes their experiences and understandings of reality.
Carrington 02
(Kerry, Sociology professor at the University of New England, Law/Text/Culture, 6 LTC 107, 128-129, 2002)

Feminist research poses a profound challenge to the hegemony of law's claims to produce incontestable
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dominant) White, middle-class male' (Graycar 1995: 267).
Gender constructions are reproduced as much by what is NOT said as it is by what is said – the critique highlights the sometimes strategic sometimes unintended consequences of these choices – they should be held responsible for both
Whitworth 94
Whitworth, Assistant professor of Political Science at York University, 1994 Sandra, Associate Professor Department of Political Science and Women’s Studies, Feminism and International Relations, p. 75

In looking for gender in policy statements, or the histories surrounding the creation of
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results, can be seen to reproduce unequal relationships between women and men.
Patriarchy is the root cause of war.
Reardon 85
(Betty, coordinator of the Peace Education Program at Colombia University, Sexism and the War System, p 7, 1985)

The profoundly sexist history of the human species indicates that the socially induced and prescribed
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the practice of war. Society reinforces and exacerbates this perception of otherness.

Addressing gender inequality within law is essential to human survival.
Scales 93
(Ann C, Professor of Law at University of New Mexico, “Feminist Jurisprudence” pg 98, 1993)

The problem of inequality of the sexes stands in complex relation to the problem of
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thinking like a lawyer;” the latter, “thinking like a person. 

The alternative is to reject the affirmative:
Voting neg affirms and allows the female voice discussions within debate. This method can enrich legal education, both in rounds and in a larger forum.
Worden 85
(K.C., J.D. expected, 1986, Washington College of Law, The American University, “A SYMPOSIUM OF CRITICAL LEGAL STUDY: OVERSHOOTING THE TARGET: A FEMINIST DECONSTRUCTION OF LEGAL EDUCATION.” 1985 The American University Law Review¶ American University Law Review)

The kinds of changes I envision in legal education are not impossible or hopelessly utopian
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than detractions from, the legal legitimacy and educational effectiveness of their presentation.
Wouldn't it be nice if similar attempts to enrich the educational process were made in
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is possible in other classes too. Someone need only make that choice.

Female voice in legal education solves, by injecting a new form of pedagogy in legal discussions, “otherness” is experienced by those accustomed to the traditional “male voice” strategy, enlightening experience aye.
Worden 85
(K.C., J.D. expected, 1986, Washington College of Law, The American University, “A SYMPOSIUM OF CRITICAL LEGAL STUDY: OVERSHOOTING THE TARGET: A FEMINIST DECONSTRUCTION OF LEGAL EDUCATION.” 1985 The American University Law Review¶ American University Law Review)

Looking back on the feminism classes of my Modern Legal Theory course, which we
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is socially created, and can be dispelled by subjective choice and effort.

The alternative is integral to legal analysis – it is key to revealing gender implications in laws and stopping women’s subordination.
Bartlett 90
(Bartlett, Professor of law at Duke University, 1990.
(Katherine T., Feminist Legal Methods, Harvard Law Review 103, Lexis.

Once adopted as a method, asking the woman question is a method of critique
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potential relevance and that "tight" legal analysis never assumes gender neutrality.

Tournament: Cedanats | Round: 1 | Opponent: Kansas Carey-Duff | Judge: Allsup
The affirmative’s appeal to the state as “protector” is problematic – attempts achieve the “security” defined by the affirmative will result in predictable oppression of a feminine subject
Blanchard, 2003. Eric M., graduate student in the School of International Relations at the University of Southern California, “Gender, international relations, and the development of feminist security theory,”  Signs, Summer, p. 1289.  Expanded Academic ASAP

Like Tickner, many IR feminists problematize the state and raise questions as to its
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to experience violence and equally responsible for exercising society's violence" (367).

Patriarchy is at the root of all violent conflict – must solve to prevent wars and violence
Johnson, 1997. Allan G., professor of sociology Hartford College for Women, The Gender Knot: Unraveling our patriarchal legacy

To support male aggression and therefore male dominance as society’s only defense against evil,
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violence to settle disputes, manage human relations, and affirm masculine identity.

The alternative  is to reject the aff in favor of feminist jurisprudence. 

Attention to gender is key to (re)visioning world security and dealing with structural violence in and between states
Peterson 92,
(V. Spike, Associate Professor of Political Science, Gendered States: Feminist Revisions of International Relations Theory, 1992)

That these constructions—and the understanding of security they presuppose—are profoundly gendered
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who we are” that are then available for (re)visioning.

Tournament: Cedanats | Round: 4 | Opponent: Pittsburgh C--Larsen | Judge: Bausch
Policy debate is good for education, engagement, and empathy.  Clear rules, a stable topic, institutional role playing and simulation are integral to the process. 

Lantis 8
(Jeffrey S. Lantis is Professor in the Department of Political Science and Chair of the
International Relations Program at The College of Wooster, “The State of the Active Teaching and Learning Literature”, http://www.isacompss.com/info/samples/thestateoftheactiveteachingandlearningliterature_sample.pdf)
Simulations, games, and role-play represent a third important set of active
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topic, the development of empathy, and acquisition and retention of  knowledge.

Refusal to engage in institutional reform reduces inquiry to narcissism.  There is a direct tradeoff with productive discussion and research.

Chandler 2009(David Chandler is Professor of International Relations at the University of Westminster, “Questioning Global Political Activism”, What is Radical Politics Today?, Edited by Jonathan Pugh,  pp. 81-2)
Today more and more people are ‘doing politics’ in their academic work. This
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peers and colleagues at the level of political or intellectual debate and organisation.

Only debates about engaging institutions can produce social change.  Disengagement from politics fractures coalitions and reinforces conservatism.

Mouffe 2009(Chantal Mouffe is Professor of Political Theory at the Centre for the Study of Democracy, University of Westminster, “The Importance of Engaging the State”, What is Radical Politics Today?, Edited by Jonathan Pugh, pp. 233-7)
In both Hardt and Negri, and Virno, there is therefore emphasis upon ‘
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my view, is how we should conceive the nature of radical politics.

Democratic opposition to the uncritical usage of the war powers of the President is essential to exposing the operations of whiteness in creating an intersectional grid of oppression.  Debates about the topic are the starting point to overcome racism, patriarchy, heteronormativity, and neoliberal capitalism.

Lipsitz 6
(George Lipsitz is Professor of Black Studies and Sociology at the University of
California, Santa Barbara, The Possessive Investment in Whiteness, Temple University Press, pp. 72-4)

Reginald Horsman’s study of nineteenth-century racism and Manifest Destiny¶ explains how presumptions
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the power of transnational corporations beyond the control of any one nation’s politics.

Tournament: Cedanats | Round: 1 | Opponent: Kansas Carey-Duff | Judge: Allsup
A. Interpretation- restrictions on the war powers authority of the President must prohibit executive authority to undertake an action.

1. Restriction requires prohibition
   City of Northglenn 11
   (City of Northglenn Zoning Ordinance, “Rules of Construction – Definitions”, http://www.northglenn.org/municode/ch11/content_11-5.html)

Section 11-5-3. Restrictions.
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thing shall be authorized by any permit or license.

2. Decreasing authority requires reducing the permission to act, not the ability to act.
Taylor 96  Attorney at Gambrell and Stolz, LLP, Atlanta (Ellen, 21 Del. J. Corp. L. 870 (1996), Hein Online)

The term authority is commonly thought of in the context of the law of agency
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is between what the agent can do and what the agent may do.

B. Violation- Plan is not a restriction on authority- it only decreases executive propensity to engage in an action.