Tournament: Contact Info | Round: 1 | Opponent: Georgia Tech JS | Judge: Georgia Tech JS
Email: risaenz (at) gmail (dot) com

Tournament: Vanderbilt | Round: 1 | Opponent: Indiana PS | Judge: Bellon, Joe

Democracy

Advantage 1 is Democracy -

Status quo has mass violations of separation of powers

Ackerman and Hathaway, Yale professors, 11
Ackerman, Professor of Law and Political Science, Yale, and Hathaway, Professor of International Law, Yale (Bruce and Oona, "Limited war and the Constitution: Iraq and the crisis of presidential Legality", 1 February 2011, Michigan Law Review, Volume 109; Issue 4, twm)

The recent Iraq war exemplifies this challenge. When *Congress* authorized the invasion
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congressional limits has eroded over the course of two centuries. (3)

Plan is key to prevent cascading presidential authority – risking U.S. democratic collapse

Shane 9 ~Peter M. - Chair in Law at the Ohio State University’s Moritz College of Law, internationally recognized authority on constitutional and administrative law. May 2009, Excerpt from "Madison’s Nightmare: How Executive Power Threatens American Democracy," http://www.press.uchicago.edu/Misc/Chicago/749396.html 

For the last quarter century, the checks and balances of American government have been
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accurate reading of what our constitutional Framers historically intended. It is not. 

D-Rule

Carter 87
Carter, law prof at Yale, explained in 1987—William Nelson Cromwell prof
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Young University Law Review No. 3, p. 751-2)
 The problem with this use of our burgeoning public policy science, an inevitable
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– can be justified through reference to the policy itself as the end. 

Global democratic transitions are inevitable—-the only way for the US to bolster democracies is constitutionalism—-prevents war

Fareed Zakaria 97, PhD Poli Sci @ Harvard, Managing Editor of Foreign Affairs, 1997, Lexis
Of course cultures vary, and different societies will require different frameworks of government.
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next century, our task is to make democracy safe for the world.   

Democratic liberalism is backsliding now—-the US model of an unrestrained executive causes collapse

Larry Diamond 9, Professor of Political Science and Sociology @ Stanford, "The Impact of the Global Financial Crisis on Democracy", Presented to the SAIS-CGD Conference on New Ideas in Development after the Financial Crisis, Conference Paper that can be found on his Vita
Concern about the future of democracy is further warranted by the gathering signs of a
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and for the effective restoration of democracy in countries like Thailand and Nepal.

Engagement

Advantage 2 is deliberation

Obama is pursuing endless war in the Middle East

Landler 9/24
~Mark Landler, 9/24/13, "Obama Defends U.S. Engagement in the Middle East," http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/25/us/politics/obama-iran-syria.html?_r=0~~ MJ
UNITED NATIONS — President Obama on Tuesday laid down a retooled blueprint for America’s role
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exemplar of the kind of economic development that has eluded the Arab world.

Unilateral executive war powers leads to groupthink – leads to prolonged wars and more errors

Fleischman 10
~Matthew Fleischman, J.D. Candidate at New York University School of Law, "A Functional Distribution of War Powersand", New York University Journal of Legislation and Public Policy, 13 N.Y.U. J. Legis. 26 Pub. Pol’y 137, Lexis~
While Nzelibe and Yoo’s model is clearly plausible, it misses certain critical institutional constructs
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it is the institutional design that would better accommodate functionalists’ concerns and desires.

America is retrenching and countries are rising - selective engagement is the best strategy to avoid great power wars – comparative evidence

Ashley 12 
~Sean, 8/9/12, "What is the Best Grand Strategy for the United States in 2012?" http://www.e-ir.info/2012/08/09/what-is-the-best-grand-strategy-for-the-united-states-in-2012/~~ MJ
First, the global "diffusion of economic and technological capabilities"~15~, have
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era of resource conflict and American retrenchment, is more acute than ever.

Plan leads to selective engagement.

Ackerman and Hathaway, Yale professors, 11—Ackerman, Professor of Law and Political Science, Yale, and Hathaway, Professor of International Law, Yale (Bruce and Oona, "Limited war and the Constitution: Iraq and the crisis of presidential Legality", 1 February 2011, Michigan Law Review, Volume 109; Issue 4, twm)

As long as the costs of defiance seem very high at Period Three, they
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the purse to promote ongoing democratic deliberation over the conduct of limited war.

Selective engagement maintains regional stability, alliances, international economic order

Hoffman 13
~Frank Hoffman studied under FPRI founder Robert Strausz-Hupé at the University of Pennsylvania. He is a retired Marine officer and served as a senior executive and political appointee in the Pentagon during the Clinton, Bush and Obama Administrations. Mr. Hoffman is a Senior Research Fellow at the Institute for National Strategic Studies, National Defense University, and a member of FPRI’s Board of Advisors, Winter 2013, "Forward Partnership: A Sustainable American Strategy," http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0030438712000762/1-s2.0-S0030438712000762-main.pdf?_tid=bf129e62-3f27-11e3-b829-00000aab0f6b26acdnat=1382892749_5da9d34c907ed857811644748019a78a~~ MJ
A grand strategy based on Selective Engagement has four major elements.28 First,
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down in costly military interventions to fashion democracies or resolve longstanding conflicts.  

The offensive foreign policy of the United States has caused free-riding from allies and risks involvement in unnecessary wars

Posen 13
~Barry, Ford International Professor of Political Science and Director of the Security Studies Program at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1/6/13, "Pull Back The Case for a Less Activist Foreign Policy", Foreign Affairs, http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/138466/barry-r-posen/pull-back~~ MJ
Another problematic response to the United States’ grand strategy comes from its friends: free
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serious impediment to improved U.S. relations with the Arab world.

Plan

United States Congress should adopt Rules for Limited War as specified by Ackerman and Hathaway.

The strategic use of emergency appropriations allowed the president to engage in “bait-and-switch” tactics that undermined effective democratic control over the use of military force. Following the Iraq precedent, future presidents will be able to “bait” Congress and the American people into approving a limited war, and then “switch” to a much longer war with more ambitious objectives. Serious congressional consideration of these escalat- ing war aims will be short-circuited by the repeated use of the “emergency” appropriations device. This diagnosis suggests the need for an institutional remedy. The Iraq case shows that it is not enough for the initial authorization of force to specify the limited purposes of the war. It must also specify the limited time period for the conflict, requiring the president to return for an explicit reauthorization if he wishes to extend the war beyond the preset period. This can be accomplished by either the House or the Senate using its constitutional authority to “determine the Rules of its Proceedings.” The Constitution gives either chamber the authority to change its rules governing future authorizations for the use of force. Under our proposed “Rules for Limited War,” all future authorizations will be valid for only two years unless the House or Senate sets a different time-limit—or declares that the war should continue, without limit, until victory is achieved. But unless Congress makes this decision explicit in its initial authorizing resolution, the two-year term will serve as a default rule. The new rules will be enforced through a prohibition on all war appropriations after the congressional dead- line, except for money needed to wind down the mission over the course of one year. Our proposal is designed to be both politically feasible and instrumen-tally effective in controlling the democratic pathologies of a presidential bait-and-switch. It builds on precedents developed by Congress to control the use of the appropriations power. Even if only a single chamber adopts the new rules, this action will catalyze a recalibration of our real-world sys- tem of checks and balances. The rules will have a significant impact on congressional–presidential relations long before matters reach the moment of final confrontation—when the president, after failing to convince Con-gress to authorize a further extension of the war effort, confronts a one-year “wind up” appropriation for the orderly withdrawal of troops from the battle zone. It is important to analyze the options available to the president and Con-gress at this “showdown stage,” when the appropriations cut-off becomes operational. But it is no less important to consider how the prospect of a “final showdown” fundamentally alters incentives at earlier stages in the war- making process—starting with the moment the president asks Congress for an initial war authorization, and continuing through the period when the cut-off date begins to loom large on the horizon. In a properly designed system, the new rules will generate a far more candid and democratic process during these earlier periods, without the president and Congress ever pushing the matter to a final showdown. And the president will be confronted with very unattractive options if he forces a showdown by trying to extend the war unilaterally after the final one-year wind-up appropriation has expired. Once one chamber adopts the new rules, its counterpart will be pressed to give them serious consideration and it may adopt the reform or join the effort through a concurrent resolution or statute. Our multiperiod analysis permits a more precise assessment of the extent to which these supportive efforts by the second chamber will enhance the system’s operation. We also offer our framework as a more general model for the analysis of separation- of-powers problems—which typically content themselves with a static analysis without self-consciously considering the way rule systems affect institutional dynamics over time. 

Plan solves

Ackerman and Hathaway, Yale professors, 11—Ackerman, Professor of Law and Political Science, Yale, and Hathaway, Professor of International Law, Yale (Bruce and Oona, "Limited war and the Constitution: Iraq and the crisis of presidential Legality", 1 February 2011, Michigan Law Review, Volume 109; Issue 4, twm)
A distinctive pattern emerges from the modern experience. The constitu- tional legitimacy of
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stop in the Oval Office. It stops with the House and Senate. 

Failure to grasp national will and create coherent strategies causes failures in foreign policies – congressional authorization key

Gallagher 11
~Lieutenant Colonel Joseph V. Gallagher III, United States Marine Corps, "Unconstitutional War: Strategic Risk in the Age of Congressional Abdication", Parameters, Summer, http://strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/parameters/articles/2011summer/gallagher.pdf~~
Since World War II, a wide gap has developed between Congress and the executive
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wage fewer of them—and be far better positioned to win them.

Tournament: Vanderbilt | Round: 5 | Opponent: Emory GJ | Judge: Neighbors, Len

Won’t pass – gop- not priority

Bowen 11/1
~Robert Bowen, 11/1/13, "Republican House won’t pass immigration reform," http://www.examiner.com/article/republican-house-won-t-pass-immigration-reform~~ MJ
Three Republican members of the House of Representatives broke with their Party this week and
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it is not allowing up to 11 million more Latinos to vote. 

PC won’t pass and not key to immigration

Russell Berman 10/25/2013, "GOP comfortable ignoring Obama pleas for vote on immigration bill," Hill, http://thehill.com/homenews/house/330527-gop-comfortable-ignoring-obama-pleas-to-move-to-immigration-reform
For President Obama and advocates hoping for a House vote on immigration reform this year
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-sighted: It made his achieving his real priorities much more difficult."

Plan Bipart

Gelb 5
~Leslie H. Gelb, President Emeritus of the Council on Foreign Relations and Anne-Marie Slaughter, Dean of the Woodrow Wilson School of International and Public Affairs, "Declare War", The Atlantic, 11-1,http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2005/11/declare-war/304301/?single_page=true~~
Passing this legislation might not be easy. But the time is right. Liberals
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emboldened, and we begin to lose—first psychologically and then literally.

Winner’s win

Hirsh 13 Michael, chief correspondent for National Journal; citing Ornstein, a political scientist and scholar at the American Enterprise Institute and Bensel, gov’t prof at Cornell, "There’s No Such Thing as Political Capital", 2/7, www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/there-s-no-such-thing-as-political-capital-20130207
But the abrupt emergence of the immigration and gun-control issues illustrates how suddenly
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change positions to get on the winning side. It’s a bandwagon effect."

Won’t pass – Obama approval rating

Sanchez 10/31
~Raf Sanchez, 10/31/13, "Barack Obama’s approval ratings hit record low amid chaotic launch of Obamacare," http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/barackobama/10418371/Barack-Obamas-approval-ratings-hit-record-low-amid-chaotic-launch-of-Obamacare.html~~ MJ
An NBC/Wall Street Journal survey found that the stop-start approach to
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have come together to create a certain doubt and uncertainty about his leadership."

No link - The plan would cost members of congress political capital not Obama.

Ackerman, Professor of Law and Political Science, Yale, and Hathaway, Professor of International Law, Yale ’11 (Bruce and Oona, "Limited war and the Constitution: Iraq and the crisis of presidential Legality", 1 February 2011, Michigan Law Review, Volume 109; Issue 4, twm)

From this perspective, the proposed plan provides as much certainty as is reasonable to expect. A good deal of political effort will be required to  ~*511~  establish the new Rules for Limited War - with many congressional leaders committing their time and energy to the innovation. This will create a great deal of political momentum during the first generation of reform - with established leaders reluctant to go back on one of their prouder achievements.

Reform fails—-changes cause backlog

Murthy 9 Law Firm, "What if CIR Passes? Can USCIS Handle the Increased Workload?", NewsBrief, 10-30, http://www.murthy.com/news/n_cirwkl.html
Any type of legalization program will face significant opposition, particularly during an economic downturn
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improved greatly, there are still case backlogs that need to be addressed.

Obama push irrelevant

Miami Herald 11/1
~Miami Herald, 11/1/13, "President, House speaker must push hard for stalled immigration reform, http://www.theolympian.com/2013/11/01/2804277/president-house-speaker-must-push.html~~ MJ
Maybe they want to appear decisive after some bipartisan poor performances. Perhaps they want
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can fail to be as vociferous and determined as immigration reform’s benighted opponents.

No risk of cyber attack and even if it happens no impact

Douglas Birch 10-1, former foreign correspondent for the Associated Press and the Baltimore Sun who has written extensively on technology and public policy, 10/1/12, "Forget Revolution," Foreign Policy, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/10/01/forget_revolution?page=full
Government officials sometimes describe a kind of Hieronymus Bosch landscape when warning of the possibility
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that even a large-scale blackout would not necessarily have catastrophic consequences.

Tournament: Vanderbilt | Round: 5 | Opponent: Emory GJ | Judge: Neighbors, Len

CP doesn’t send a clear signal, undermines SOP, and gets delayed – true even if they rule on SOP grounds

Entin 12
~Jonathan L., Associate Dean for Academic Affairs (School of Law), David L. Brennan Professor of Law, and Professor of Political Science, Case Western Reserve University, "War Powers, Foreign Affairs, and the Courts: Some Institutional Considerations," CASE WESTERN RESERVE JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW, VOL.45, http://law.case.edu/journals/JIL/Documents/45CaseWResJIntlL1262.21.Article.Entin.pdf~~
Whatever the merits of the decisions discussed in the previous section, those rulings should
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must leave issues of war and foreign affairs largely to our politicians. 120 

Perm do both—-shields the link

Perine, 6/12/2008 (Katherine – staff at CQ politics, Congress unlikely to try to counter Supreme Court detainee ruling, CQ Politics, p. http://www.cqpolitics.com/wmspage.cfm?docID=news-00000289652826cpage=2)
Thursday’s decision, from a Supreme Court dominated by Republican appointees, gives Democrats further cover against GOP sniping. "This is something that the court has decided, and very often the court gives political cover to Congress," said Ross K. Baker, a Rutgers University political science professor. "You can simply point to a Supreme Court decision and say, ’The devil made me do it.’ "

This is plan plus, Supreme Court plus the plan

Empirically, courts will find a way to circumvent any measures intended to make them check Presidential power.

Cato Institute ’09  ("Reclaiming the War Power, http://www.cato.org/pubs/handbook/hb111/hb111-10.pdf, twm) 

Representative Jones’s Constitutional War Powers Resolution, which seeks to draw the judiciary into the struggle to constrain executive war making, ignores the Court’s resistance to congressional standing, as well as the 30-year history of litigation under the War Powers Resolution, a history that shows how adept the federal judiciary is at constructing rationales that allow it to avoid picking sides in battles between Congress and the president.

Courts alone don’t solve

Taylor 13 ~Paul Taylor, Senior Fellow at the Center for Policy 26 Research, JD from Seton Hall Law School, "A FISC for Drones?" Feb 9 2013, http://transparentpolicy.org/2013/02/a-fisc-for-drones/~~
Judges would likely be much more comfortable with ex post review. Ex post review
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etc) for the courts to create such an opportunity without congressional action.

Tournament: Vanderbilt | Round: 5 | Opponent: Emory GJ | Judge: Neighbors, Len

Security discourse is inevitable—rejection risks replicating the harms.

Williams 3
 (Michael, Professor of International Politics at the University of Wales, "Words, Images, Enemies: Securitization and International Politics," International Studies Quarterly, 47(4), AD: 7-10-9) BL
It is irrelevant here whether one rejects, accepts, or perhaps finds it an
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some of the worst excesses made possible by a Schmittian understanding of politics. 

Perm do both—combining epistemological questioning with pragmatic political action produces the best knowledge and effective political engagement

Kratochwil, IR Prof @ Columbia, 8 ~Friedrich Kratochwil is Assistant Professor of International Relations at Columbia University, Pragmatism in International Relations "Ten points to ponder about pragmatism" p11-25~
The more principled calls for a pragmatic approach, however, come from some IR
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falsehoods, and I hope that those who read this book will agree.

The role of the ballot’s to endorse a political strategy of civic engagement with institutions

MCCLEAN 1, SOCIETY FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF AMERICAN PHILOSOPHY – GRADUATE AND PHILOSOPHER – NYU ~DAVID E., "THE CULTURAL LEFT AND THE LIMITS OF SOCIAL HOPE", http://www.american-philosophy.org/archives/200120Conference/Discussion20papers/david_mcclean.htm~~
Leftist American culture critics might put their considerable talents to better use if they bury
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critics with their snobish disrespect for the so-called "managerial class."

Threats real and not constructed—rational risk assessment goes aff

Knudsen 1– PoliSci Professor at Sodertorn (Olav, Post-Copenhagen Security Studies, Security Dialogue 32:3)
Moreover, I have a problem with the underlying implication that it is unimportant whether
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instance), not least to find adequate democratic procedures for dealing with them.

This proves their method is bankrupt

Tara McCormack 10, Lecturer in International Politics at the University of Leicester, PhD in IR from the University of Westminster, "Critique, Security and Power: The Political Limits to Emancipatory Approaches," p. 59, google books
In his criticism of constructivist theorist Alexander Wendt, Neufeld argues that because of Wendt’s
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entails an engagement with and substantive analysis of contemporary power structures and discourse.

Tournament: Vanderbilt | Round: 5 | Opponent: Emory GJ | Judge: Neighbors, Len

2. counter interp —- Statutory restrictions must be legislative limits

The Law Dictionary 13 "What is Statutory Restriction?, The Law Dictionary: Featuring Black’s Law Dictionary Free Online Legal Dictionary 2nd Edition, Accessed 7-22-2013, http://thelawdictionary.org/statutory-restriction/
What is STATUTORY RESTRICTION?
Limits or controls that have been place on activities by its ruling legislation.

A restriction on war powers authority limits Presidential discretion

Jules Lobel 8, Professor of Law at the University of Pittsburgh  Law School, President of the Center for Constitutional Rights, represented members of Congress challenging assertions of Executive power to unilaterally initiate warfare, "Conflicts Between the Commander in Chief and Congress: Concurrent Power  over the Conduct of War," Ohio State Law Journal, Vol 69, p 391, 2008, http://moritzlaw.osu.edu/students/groups/oslj/files/2012/04/69.3.lobel_.pdf
So too, the congressional power to declare or authorize war has been long held
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decisively ejected from Kuwait, a limitation recognized by President Bush himself.64

Tournament: Wake Forest | Round: 6 | Opponent: Louisville BL | Judge: Reynolds, Caitlin

Neoliberal discourse has imposed identities upon society. FF12 criticizes the neoliberal identity politics and creates a transnational intersection of race, gender, ethnicity, and sexuality that breaks free of Euro-American identity politics

Redmond 12
~Dennis, Doctor of Philosophy in Communications in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2012, "VIDEOGAME CULTURE AS TRANSNATIONAL MEDIA: ONE NEOLIBERALISM, MANY RESISTANCES," University of Illinois at Urbana-Chappaign~
FF12 critiques the neoliberal ideology of racialized equivalence, by reading the contradictions of neoliberal
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metropole, the semi-periphery, and the true periphery.231 197 

The legitimization of neoliberalism and identity politics has caused the loss of freedom. FF12 shows that refusal of hegemonic identity politics and postcolonial nationalism allows us to move towards new ideologies.

Redmond continues
~Dennis, Doctor of Philosophy in Communications in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2012, "VIDEOGAME CULTURE AS TRANSNATIONAL MEDIA: ONE NEOLIBERALISM, MANY RESISTANCES," University of Illinois at Urbana-Chappaign~
4.4 From Postcolonial Brotherhood To Transnational Sisterhood The astounding range of visual,
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, and to treat Jahara as a site of neocolonial heritage tourism.265 

The discursive control of neoliberalism has constrained society. We are all witnesses to the moral and physical extinction that neoliberalism will inevitably cause.

Gounari 6
~Panayota, Associate Professor in the Department of Applied Linguistics at the University of Massachusetts Boston, 1/1/2006, "Contesting the Cynicism of Neoliberal Discourse: Moving Towards a Language of Possibility," Studies in Language 26 Capitalism 1, 2006~
To allow the market mechanism to be sole director of the fate of human beings
AND
Karl Polanyi made the above prophetic statement in his book, The Great Transformation
. Unfortunately, over fifty-five years after Polanyi’s insightful remarks, the reality
AND
the ill-conceived notion of "freedom" in the neoliberal framework.

Our affirmative embraces an alternative not through some utopian action but by allowing imagination of alternatives to neoliberalism. Our process of debate and deliberation is key to exploring the videogame commons and challenging neoliberal control over ideology.

Redmond 12
~Dennis, Doctor of Philosophy in Communications in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2012, "VIDEOGAME CULTURE AS TRANSNATIONAL MEDIA: ONE NEOLIBERALISM, MANY RESISTANCES," University of Illinois at Urbana-Chappaign~
No analysis of MGS4 and FF12 would be complete without some final thoughts on their
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world-system of capital into a world of free human beings. 284

Prefer our procedural approach - status quo is just a collection of snapshots being sent back and forward.

Bogost 7
~Ian Bogost, videogame designer, critic, and researcher. He is Professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology and Founding Partner at PersuasiveGames LLC, 1/1/2007, Persuasive Games, - Highlight Loc. 868-84| Added on Thursday, August 22, 2013, 05:59 AM~
I have two responses to this objection. For one part, the type of
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in another context—for example a responding TV spot or software program.

Voting affirmative is a disruption of neoliberalist war powers through the thought experiment of Final Fantasy 12. The role of the affirmative is to rethink the way that we engage in war and how the discourse of these ideologies shape identities.

Video games allow us to question political systems, social and cultural practices. They need to be used as argumentative practice in debating

Bogost 8
~Bogost, Ian. "The Rhetoric of Video Games." The Ecology of Games: Connecting Youth, Games, and Learning. Edited by Katie Salen.
The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Series on Digital Media and Learning. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2008. 117–140. doi: 10.1162/dmal.9780262693646.117~
Video games are models of real and imagined systems. We always play when we
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as an argumentative and expressive practice alongside reading, writing, and debating.

The public space of debate is a critical arena to question neoliberalism and reclaim our agency

Gounari 6
~Panayota, Associate Professor in the Department of Applied Linguistics at the University of Massachusetts Boston, 1/1/2006, "Contesting the Cynicism of Neoliberal Discourse: Moving Towards a Language of Possibility," Studies in Language 26 Capitalism 1, 2006~
In an era of globalization, liquid borders and fluid identities, there is a
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spaces to discuss and understand how the market works, whose interests it serves {Marked}

Tournament: GSU | Round: 1 | Opponent: Georgia BoFe | Judge: Ridley, Sean

Neoliberalism has declared war on all discourses. It has shifted our priorities, and caused creative destruction to our way of life. Metal Gear Solid 4 presents an open criticism of this neoliberal system by pointing out the inevitable conclusion of our war policies: Endless war in the name of control

Redmond 12
~Dennis, Doctor of Philosophy in Communications in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2012, "VIDEOGAME CULTURE AS TRANSNATIONAL MEDIA: ONE NEOLIBERALISM, MANY RESISTANCES," University of Illinois at Urbana-Chappaign~
This transnational hybridity has long been one of the central drivers of videogame culture.
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words, the transnational audience of the post-1998 videogame culture.77

Our affirmative embraces an alternative not through some utopian action but by allowing imagination of alternatives to neoliberalism. Our process of debate and deliberation is key to exploring the videogame commons and challenging neoliberal control over ideology.

Redmond 12
~Dennis, Doctor of Philosophy in Communications in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2012, "VIDEOGAME CULTURE AS TRANSNATIONAL MEDIA: ONE NEOLIBERALISM, MANY RESISTANCES," University of Illinois at Urbana-Chappaign~
No analysis of MGS4 and FF12 would be complete without some final thoughts on their
AND
world-system of capital into a world of free human beings. 284

We are relevant to the topic – Metal Gear Solid 4 is an open criticism of offensive cyber operations

Wright et al. 10
~Talmadge J. Wright, Ph.D., Social Science and Associate Professor at Loyala University Chicago, David G. Embrick, Ph.D., Sociology and Associate Professor at Loyala University Chicago, Andras Lukacs, Department of Computer Science • Institute of Mathematics • Eötvös Loránd University, September 25, 2010, "Utopic Dreams and Apocalyptic Fantasies: Critical Approaches to Researching Video Game Play," Lexington Books, http://books.google.com/books?id=drH7l-VYUGEC26dq=metal+gear+solid+4,+military+industrial+complex26source=gbs_navlinks_s~
What we find extraordinary about the Metal Gear series, however, is the wary
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domestic safety, the integrity of its government, and its imperial wars.

Practicing the values within the game allows us to better understand what allows neoliberalism to dominate society in the first place and challenge it.

Knopf 12
~Ehsan, Master of Arts (Research) The University of Sydney, 2012, "The Rationalist’s Spirituality: Campbell’s Monomyth in Single-Player Role-Playing Videogames Skyrim 26 Mass Effect," University of Sydney, http://ses.library.usyd.edu.au/bitstream/2123/8902/1/The20RationalistE28099s20Spirituality20-20Ehsan20Knopf.pdf~~
In the CRPG, learning and mastering gameplay (’natural structure’) is tied up
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possibly transform, the player’s hopes, values, and fears’ (200).

Neoliberalism produces crises, securitizes them and militarily lashes out against them-this cycle triggers every impact and terminates in extinction.

Mosaddeq, Sussex University IR professor, 2010
(Nafeez, "Globalizing Insecurity: The Convergence of Interdependent Ecological, Energy, and Economic Crises", 7-20, http://yalejournal.org/2010/07/globalizing-insecurity-the-convergence-of-interdependent-ecological-energy-and-economic-crises/, DOA: 6-29-12)
The logic of ’growth’ – as currently defined – is driving the depletion of
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preventively by re-thinking the efficacy of our current way of life. 

Neoliberalism makes disposable those it renders have nots and makes them socially invisible

Giroux, McMaster cultural studies professor, 2008
(Henry, "Beyond the biopolitics of disposability: rethinking neoliberalism in the New Gilded Age", Social Identities; Sep2008, Vol. 14 Issue 5, p587-620, ebsco)
The mutually determining forces of every deepening inequality and an emerging repressive state apparatus have
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and exposed to murderous violence’ (Ziarek, 2008, p. 90). 

Status quo political science has failed, we need to en

Tournament: Vanderbilt | Round: 4 | Opponent: Wake Forest PP | Judge: Shane, Jonathan

Neoliberalism has dominated all modes of thought – Metal Gear solid 4 demonstrates this domination in its opening sequence

Redmond 12
~Dennis, Doctor of Philosophy in Communications in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2012, "VIDEOGAME CULTURE AS TRANSNATIONAL MEDIA: ONE NEOLIBERALISM, MANY RESISTANCES," University of Illinois at Urbana-Chappaign pp:73-6~

The single most important change between MGS4 and previous iterations of the series is 72
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the role of the historical antagonist of neoliberalism: the billionsstrong transnational proletariat. 

The ending demonstrates the false choice that we face today: support neoliberalism or imagine alternatives to market domination. The ending of MGS4 shows that this is a false choice and shows a third option.

Redmond Continues 
~Dennis, Doctor of Philosophy in Communications in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2012, "VIDEOGAME CULTURE AS TRANSNATIONAL MEDIA: ONE NEOLIBERALISM, MANY RESISTANCES," University of Illinois at Urbana-Chappaign pp:164-76~
This suggests that Outer Haven is not an allusion to the multipolar world. Rather
AND
, and by turning the financial speculations of neoliberalism against themselves. 

The discursive control of neoliberalism has blinded society. We are all witnesses to the moral and physical extinction that neoliberalism will inevitably cause.

Gounari 6
~Panayota, Associate Professor in the Department of Applied Linguistics at the University of Massachusetts Boston, 1/1/2006, "Contesting the Cynicism of Neoliberal Discourse: Moving Towards a Language of Possibility," Studies in Language 26 Capitalism 1, 2006~
To allow the market mechanism to be sole director of the fate of human beings
AND
Karl Polanyi made the above prophetic statement in his book, The Great Transformation
. Unfortunately, over fifty-five years after Polanyi’s insightful remarks, the reality
AND
the ill-conceived notion of "freedom" in the neoliberal framework.

This debate and deliberation is key to exploring the videogame commons and challenging neoliberal control over ideology.

Redmond Concludes
~Dennis, Doctor of Philosophy in Communications in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2012, "VIDEOGAME CULTURE AS TRANSNATIONAL MEDIA: ONE NEOLIBERALISM, MANY RESISTANCES," University of Illinois at Urbana-Chappaign~
No analysis of MGS4 and FF12 would be complete without some final thoughts on their
AND
world-system of capital into a world of free human beings. 284

Prefer our procedural approach - status quo is just a collection of snapshots being sent back and forward.

Bogost 7
~Ian Bogost, videogame designer, critic, and researcher. He is Professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology and Founding Partner at PersuasiveGames LLC, 1/1/2007, Persuasive Games, - Highlight Loc. 868-84| Added on Thursday, August 22, 2013, 05:59 AM~
I have two responses to this objection. For one part, the type of
AND
in another context—for example a responding TV spot or software program.

Voting affirmative is a disruption of neoliberalist war powers through the thought experiment of Metal Gear Solid 4. The role of the affirmative should be to rethink the way that we engage in war.

Video games allow us to question political systems, social and cultural practices. They need to be used as argumentative practice in debating

Bogost 8
~Bogost, Ian. "The Rhetoric of Video Games." The Ecology of Games: Connecting Youth, Games, and Learning. Edited by Katie Salen.
The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Series on Digital Media and Learning. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2008. 117–140. doi: 10.1162/dmal.9780262693646.117~
Video games are models of real and imagined systems. We always play when we
AND
as an argumentative and expressive practice alongside reading, writing, and debating.\

The public space of debate is a critical arena to question neoliberalism and reclaim our a

Tournament: Vanderbilt | Round: 4 | Opponent: Wake Forest PP | Judge: Shane, Jonathan

1. Perm Do both- Thought experiments through games allow the examination of important philosophical questions

Schulzke 13
~Marcus, State University of New York – Albany, February 4 2013, "Simulating Philosophy: Interpreting Video Games as Executable Though Experiments", Springer Science and Business Media Dordrecht 2013~
Philosophers generally use the term ’thought experiment’ fairly loosely to refer to hypothetical scenarios
AND
interesting thought experiments that generate important questions for academics and casual players alike.

3. We can use video games as a starting point for critical race theories

Higgin 11
~Tanner, 4/3/2011, "Videogames as Critical Race Pedagogy," http://www.tannerhiggin.com/videogames-as-critical-race-pedagogy/~~

Since the importance of race to games
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importance of race, gender, and sexuality to social formation.

6. Games Key to Agency

McGonigal 11
~Reality Is Broken: Why Games Make Us Better and How They Can Change the World (Jane McGonigal)
- Highlight Loc. 1084-89  | January 20, 2011~
WHETHER IT’S A SHORT, simple burst of video game productivity or entering into sprawling
AND
direct impact, gameful work is a real source of reward and satisfaction.

10. MGS4 allows us to critically examine gender equity

Redmond 12
~Dennis, Doctor of Philosophy in Communications in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2012, "VIDEOGAME CULTURE AS TRANSNATIONAL MEDIA: ONE NEOLIBERALISM, MANY RESISTANCES," University of Illinois at Urbana-Chappaign~
However, the Nomad is more than just a symbolic space of media production.
AND
?" Otacon: "Oh, like I know how to cook21"145

a. Current political discourse fails – only video games used as procedural rhetoric allows the best locus for discussions about political problems

Bogost 6
~Ian Bogost, 2006, "Videogames and Ideological Frames, POPULAR COMMUNICATION, 4(3), 165–183~
Politicians are already familiar with Lakoff’s (1996) and Luntz’s (2004) strategies
AND
to have so colonized the medium as to taint it for dissenting opinion.

b. Video games are better for decision making – they get to be involved in simulations of decisions, instead of spectators, while avoiding a moral stand still

Schulzke 13
~Marcus, State University of New York – Albany, February 4 2013, "Simulating Philosophy: Interpreting Video Games as Executable Though Experiments", Springer Science and Business Media Dordrecht 2013~
Because video games can simulate entire worlds rather than just limited scenarios, they can
AND
powerful and allows players to make greater use of the game’s genetic modifications.

c. Video games allow us to question political systems, social and cultural practices. They need to be used as argumentative practice in debating

Bogost 8
~Bogost, Ian. "The Rhetoric of Video Games." The Ecology of Games: Connecting Youth, Games, and Learning. Edited by Katie Salen.
The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Series on Digital Media and Learning. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2008. 117–140. doi: 10.1162/dmal.9780262693646.117~
Video games are models of real and imagined systems. We always play when we
AND
as an argumentative and expressive practice alongside reading, writing, and debating.

Social death is descriptively inaccurate and reinforces fatalism—the truth is that it’s easier to write off gains under antagonism

Clark, professor of law – Catholic University, ’95
(Leroy D., 73 Denv. U.L. Rev. 23) 

A Final Word Despite Professor Bell’s prophecy of doom, I believe he would like
AND
. was his capacity to "dream" us toward a better place.

12. The permutation is a linkage of struggles – without an affirmation of solidarity there’s no chance for change
Giroux 11

(Henry A. Giroux, Global TV Network Chair in English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, 9 October 2011, "An Interview With Henry Giroux: Youth Movement in a Culture of Hopelessness", http://www.truth-out.org/interview-henry-giroux-you

Tournament: GSU | Round: 3 | Opponent: Trinity RoYo | Judge: Baker, Will

Thought experiments allow the examination of important philosophical questions

Schulzke 13
~Marcus, State University of New York – Albany, February 4 2013, "Simulating Philosophy: Interpreting Video Games as Executable Though Experiments", Springer Science and Business Media Dordrecht 2013~
Philosophers generally use the term ’thought experiment’ fairly loosely to refer to hypothetical scenarios
AND
interesting thought experiments that generate important questions for academics and casual players alike.

Creating simulation fever is key to imagine alternatives to neoliberalism

Dyer-Witheford and de Peuter 09 ~Nick Dyer-Witheford and Greig de Peuter, "Games of Empire: Global Capitalism and Video Games". University of Minnesota press: 2009 p. 201-202 RS~
Most of these games emerge from and reflect the concerns of civil society agencies such
AND
But first we’ll take a look at another sort of virtual world building.

Analyzing procedures behind the affirmative’s simulation is key to understand contradictions and engage in criticism

Bogost 7
~Ian Bogost, videogame designer, critic, and researcher. He is Professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology and Founding Partner at PersuasiveGames LLC, 1/1/2007, Persuasive Games, - Highlight Loc. 2927-2946| Added on Thursday, August 22, 2013, 05:59 AM~
 Videogames have not escaped advertising’s lust for new media to carry their commercial messages
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the medium of videogames, advertising’s pervasiveness might partly lead to its critique.

The alternative is the best way to question neoliberalism within debate – mobilizing our game creates a forum for planning our next step.

Dyer-Witheford and de Peuter 09 ~Nick Dyer-Witheford and Greig de Peuter, "Games of Empire: Global Capitalism and Video Games". University of Minnesota press: 2009 p. 227-9RS~
Since the production and consumption of digital games are themselves part of a world market
AND
metaverse. In that sense, they are games with worlds to win.

Tournament: GSU | Round: 3 | Opponent: Trinity RoYo | Judge: Baker, Will

MGS is the most significant mainstream game to have a successful and consistent anti-militarization message to society

Robinson 12
~Nick, School of Politics and International Studies, University of Leeds, October 2012, "Videogames, Persuasion and the War on Terror: Escaping or Embedding the Military–Entertainment Complex?," Political Studies Oct 12~
Mainstream Games. As I will show below, the vast majority of games that
AND
etc.), limiting the capacity of games to challenge the militarisation of society.

Tournament: GSU | Round: 3 | Opponent: Trinity RoYo | Judge: Baker, Will

MGS4 is one of the best videogames

Redmond 12
~Dennis, Doctor of Philosophy in Communications in the Graduate College of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2012, "VIDEOGAME CULTURE AS TRANSNATIONAL MEDIA: ONE NEOLIBERALISM, MANY RESISTANCES," University of Illinois at Urbana-Chappaign~
However, the Nomad is more than just a symbolic space of media production.
AND
?" Otacon: "Oh, like I know how to cook21"145

The structure of their argument undermines feminism—the claim that a single link results in a big "root cause" impact marginalizes struggles against other forms of violence and discrimination
Crenshaw 2 ~Carrie Crenshaw PhD, Former President of CEDA, "Perspectives In Controversy: Selected Articles from Contemporary Argumentation and Debate" 2002 p. 119-126~

Feminism is not dead. It is alive and well in intercollegiate debate. Increasingly
AND
does not discount the importance of feminists to individual or societal consciousness raising.

Tournament: GSU | Round: 3 | Opponent: Trinity RoYo | Judge: Baker, Will

11. Current political discourse fails – only video games used as procedural rhetoric allows the best locus for discussions about political problems

Bogost 6
~Ian Bogost, 2006, "Videogames and Ideological Frames, POPULAR COMMUNICATION, 4(3), 165–183~
Politicians are already familiar with Lakoff’s (1996) and Luntz’s (2004) strategies
AND
to have so colonized the medium as to taint it for dissenting opinion.

Video games are better for decision making – they get to be involved in simulations of decisions, instead of spectators, while avoiding a moral stand still

Schulzke 13
~Marcus, State University of New York – Albany, February 4 2013, "Simulating Philosophy: Interpreting Video Games as Executable Though Experiments", Springer Science and Business Media Dordrecht 2013~
Because video games can simulate entire worlds rather than just limited scenarios, they can
AND
powerful and allows players to make greater use of the game’s genetic modifications.