Tournament: Clarion | Round: 5 | Opponent: Liberty CS | Judge: Christy Webster-Dunn
Cap
The drive for security is rooted in a capitalist logic that distributes insecurity to populations in marginalized spaces around the globe – justifying further intervention and blowback, turns the case
Goodman 9 Senior Lecturer at the University of Technology in Sydney
James Goodman, “Rethinking Insecurity War and Violence,” http://www.scribd.com/doc/68230825/4/Global-capitalism-and-the-production-of-insecurity, 7-7-12,
In capitalist societies insecurity is systemic. …insecurity dilemmas in the War on Terror.

Resisting capitalism’s reliance on economic evaluation is the ultimate ethical responsibility – the current social order guarantees social exclusion on a global scale
Zizek and Daly 2k4 (Slavoj and Glyn, Conversations with Zizek page 14-16)
For Zizek it is imperative … ‘glitch’ in an otherwise sound matrix. 

The alternative is to reject the affirmative as an intellectual refusal of capitalist ideology
Johnston 2004, Johnston, interdisciplinary research fellow in psychoanalysis at Emory University, 2004 Adrian, Psychoanalysis, Culture and Society, December v9 i3 p259 page infotrac

Perhaps the absence of a detailed … be a false pseudo-reality, a deceptively comforting fiction

QDR CP – 1NC 

Text: The President of the United States should issue a National Security Directive require the Department of Defense include in its Quadrennial Defense Review a recommendation to (plan). The President should not de-classify information regarding this National Security Directive. 

QDR recommendations are followed – sequestration creates the perfect situation to reduce war powers
Parsons, National Defense Magazine Staff Writer, 2013,
(Dan, "Analyst: 2014 Defense Review Offers Opportunity for Real Reform", National Defense Magazine, 6-17, PAS) www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/blog/lists/posts/post.aspx?ID=1182 9-2-13 

Instead of shoehorning its …before you balance the budget.”¶ 

Net benefit – Avoids Ptix

Ptix CIR

CIR will pass, but it’s going to be close and a fight---PC is key and there’s momentum
Orlando Sentinel 11/1 “What we think: It'll take both parties to clear immigration logjam,” 11-1-13, http://www.orlandosen-tinel.com/news/opinion/os-ed-immigration-reform-congress-20131031,0,7750574.story?dssReturn, DOA: 11-1-13, y2k
For those who thought the end … the future of their party.

The plan costs capital- congress doesn’t want to be held accountable  
Noah, Former Slate Staff Writer, 2008,
(Timothy, "Congress Doesn't Want War Powers", Slate, 7-9, PAS) www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/chatterbox/2008/07/congress_doesnt_want_war_powers.html 8-12-13
James Baker and Warren Christopher, …. No appropriations, no war.

Obama pushing for CIR now
Sink 10/31/2013 Justin, The Hill, Obama pledges foreign investment push http://thehill.com/188877-obama-makes-foreign-investment-pitch Accessed 10/31/2013 DMW

The president also used the meeting … first time," Pritzker said.

Immigration reform is key to breaking down xenophobic racism.
Kenan Malik 11 is a writer, lecturer and broadcaster, is the author, most recently, of "From Fatwa to Jihad: The Rushdie Affair and its Legacy." “The Best Way to Deal With Xenophobia,” 7-28-11, http://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2011/07/27/will-the-norway-massacre-deflate-europes-right-wing/the-best-way-to-deal-with-xenophobia, Accessed Date: 2-1-13 y2k
Far right and populist parties … not weaken, xenophobic attitudes.

Tournament: Clarion | Round: 3 | Opponent: Pittsburgh JR | Judge: Will Scott
Framework
The role of the ballot is to answer the resolutional question- The aff’s failure to advance a topical defense of federal policy undermines debate’s potential

Our interpretation is grammatically correct
Ericson 3 Jon M., Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts – California Polytechnic U., et al., The Debater’s Guide, Third Edition, p. 4

The Proposition of Policy: … action that you propose. 

A limited topic of discussion is key to decision-making and advocacy skills- this still provides room for creativity, but targets the discussion
Steinberg and Freeley 8 Austin J. Freeley is a Boston based attorney who focuses on criminal, personal injury and civil rights law, AND David L. Steinberg, Lecturer of Communication Studies @ U Miami, Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making pp45

Debate is a means of …outlined in the following discussion.

Discussion of specific policy-questions is crucial for skills development- posits students as agents of decision-making
Esberg and Sagan 12 Jane Esberg is special assistant to the director at New York University's Center on. International Cooperation. She was the winner of 2009 Firestone Medal, AND Scott Sagan is a professor of political science and director of Stanford's Center for International Security and Cooperation “NEGOTIATING NONPROLIFERATION: Scholarship, Pedagogy, and Nuclear Weapons Policy,” 2/17 The Nonproliferation Review, 19:1, 95-108

These government or quasi-government think … and act on information.14

Switch-side is key- forces critical thinking and better advocacy
Keller et al 1 Asst. professor School of Social Service Administration U. of Chicago Thomas E., James K., and Tracly K., Asst. professor School of Social Service Administration U. of Chicago, professor of Social Work, and doctoral student School of Social Work, “Student debates in policy courses: promoting policy practice skills and knowledge through active learning,” Journal of Social Work Education, Spr/Summer 2001, EBSCOhost

SOCIAL WORKERS HAVE a professional responsibility … knowledge and beliefs pertaining to the issue. 

Effective deliberation is the lynchpin of solving all existential global problems
Lundberg 10 Christian O. Lundberg Professor of Communications @ University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, “Tradition of Debate in North Carolina” in Navigating Opportunity: Policy Debate in the 21st Century By Allan D. Louden, p311

The second major problem … to democracy in an increasingly complex world. 

Queer Theory

Native identity arguments center around a fixed identity structure that reifies heteronormative colonialism. Only a subjectless critique and lens to evaluate their scholarship solves
Smith 2010 Andrea, Assistant Professor of Media and Cultural Studies at the University of California: Riverside, Queer Theory and Native Studies: The Heteronormativity of Settler Colonialism, GLQ: A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, Volume 16, Number 1-2, 2010, pp. 42-68jap
Queer studies highlights the …Native peoples at the “horizon of death

Hetersexuality is the root cause of hierarchal modes of thought – results in racism sexism and sovereign control that eliminates difference
Pinar 2003
William F., Professor at Louisiana State,  Journal of Homosexual Studiesjap
It is queer theory that has enabled me …often sexualized existence in the white male mind.   

Therefore our alternative is to reject the heteronormativity present in the affirmative – only Rejecting heteronormativity can elucidate and open up discourse. This unveiling of preconceived norms sets the stage for a new politic of refusal and reformation
Chambers 2007
Samuel A. Chambers, Department of Politics and International Relations, ‘An Incalculable Effect’: Subversions of Heteronormativity, POLITICAL STUDIES: 2007 VOL 55, 656–679jap

However,and as I will demonstrate …‘oppression’ that could merely be condemned).

Heterosexual gendering is used to prop up a vicious cycle of systemic racism
Hoagland 2007
Sarah Lucia Hoagland, Professor of Philosophy and Women's Studies at Northeastern Illinois University in Chicago, Heterosexualism and White Supremacy, Hypatia, Vol. 22, No. 1, Writing Against Heterosexism (Winter, 2007), pp. 166-185jap
Elsa Barkley Brown argues that "we still …"man" and a "woman."

Tournament: Clarion | Round: 1 | Opponent: Wayne State | Judge: Jeff Ciak
QDR CP – 1NC 

Text: The President of the United States should issue a National Security Directive require the Department of Defense include in its Quadrennial Defense Review a recommendation to (plan). The President should not de-classify information regarding this National Security Directive. 

QDR recommendations are followed – sequestration creates the perfect situation to reduce war powers
Parsons, National Defense Magazine Staff Writer, 2013,
(Dan, "Analyst: 2014 Defense Review Offers Opportunity for Real Reform", National Defense Magazine, 6-17, PAS) www.nationaldefensemagazine.org/blog/lists/posts/post.aspx?ID=1182 9-2-13 

Instead of shoehorning its …before you balance the budget.”¶ 

Net benefit – Avoids Ptix

Ptix CIR

CIR will pass, but it’s going to be close and a fight-~--PC is key and there’s momentum
Orlando Sentinel 11/1 “What we think: It'll take both parties to clear immigration logjam,” 11-1-13, http://www.orlandosen-tinel.com/news/opinion/os-ed-immigration-reform-congress-20131031,0,7750574.story?dssReturn, DOA: 11-1-13, y2k
For those who thought the end … the future of their party.

The plan costs capital- congress doesn’t want to be held accountable  
Noah, Former Slate Staff Writer, 2008,
(Timothy, "Congress Doesn't Want War Powers", Slate, 7-9, PAS) www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/chatterbox/2008/07/congress_doesnt_want_war_powers.html 8-12-13
James Baker and Warren Christopher, …. No appropriations, no war.

Obama pushing for CIR now
Sink 10/31/2013 Justin, The Hill, Obama pledges foreign investment push http://thehill.com/188877-obama-makes-foreign-investment-pitch Accessed 10/31/2013 DMW

The president also used the meeting … first time," Pritzker said.

Immigration reform is key to breaking down xenophobic racism.
Kenan Malik 11 is a writer, lecturer and broadcaster, is the author, most recently, of "From Fatwa to Jihad: The Rushdie Affair and its Legacy." “The Best Way to Deal With Xenophobia,” 7-28-11, http://www.nytimes.com/roomfordebate/2011/07/27/will-the-norway-massacre-deflate-europes-right-wing/the-best-way-to-deal-with-xenophobia, Accessed Date: 2-1-13 y2k
Far right and populist parties … not weaken, xenophobic attitudes.

Complexity

The aff’s linear internal link chains pave over complex interactions. The alternative is to reject the aff in favor of complex theoretical analysis
Rosenau 97 Chapter 4: Many Damn Things Simultaneously: Complexity Theory and World Affairs, James N. Rosenau, Professor of International Relations, ranked among the 25 most influential academics in foreign affairs, 1997, http://www.dodccrp.org/files/Alberts_Complexity_Global.pdf

In short, there are strict limits … world and theorizing within its limits.

Failure to adopt complexity causes extinction
Gell-Mann 97 Complexity, Global Politics, and National Security, 1997, Murray Gell-Mann, Nobel Laureate in Physics and professor at the Santa Fe Institute and co-chairman of the Science Board, http://www.dodccrp.org/files/Alberts_Complexity_Global.pdf?3e3ea140

At this conference… set of questions about the future.

Tournament: D7 | Round: Semis | Opponent: Towson BG | Judge: Bertram, Lewis, Spiker

The role of the ballot is to answer the resolutional question- The aff’s failure to advance a topical defense of federal policy undermines debate’s potential

Our interpretation is grammatically correct

Ericson 3 Jon M., Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts – California Polytechnic U., et al., The Debater’s Guide, Third Edition, p. 4

The Proposition of Policy: Urging Future Action In policy propositions, each topic contains
AND
compelling reasons for an audience to perform the future action that you propose. 

This is prior question to debate- voting issue for limits and ground- there are an infinite number of reasons that the scholarship of their advocacy could be a reason to vote aff- these all obviate the only predictable strategies based on topical action- they overstretch our research burden and undermine preparedness for all debates

A limited topic of discussion is key to decision-making and advocacy skills- this still provides room for creativity, but targets the discussion

Steinberg 26 Freeley 8 Austin J. Freeley is a Boston based attorney who focuses on criminal, personal injury and civil rights law, AND David L. Steinberg, Lecturer of Communication Studies @ U Miami, Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making pp45

Debate is a means of settling differences, so there must be a difference of
AND
particular point of difference, which will be outlined in the following discussion.

Discussion of specific policy-questions is crucial for skills development- posits students as agents of decision-making

Esberg 26 Sagan 12 Jane Esberg is special assistant to the director at New York University’s Center on. International Cooperation. She was the winner of 2009 Firestone Medal, AND Scott Sagan is a professor of political science and director of Stanford’s Center for International Security and Cooperation "NEGOTIATING NONPROLIFERATION: Scholarship, Pedagogy, and Nuclear Weapons Policy," 2/17 The Nonproliferation Review, 19:1, 95-108

These government or quasi-government think tank simulations often provide very similar lessons for
AND
quickly; simulations teach students how to contextualize and act on information.14

Switch-side is key- forces critical thinking and better advocacy

Keller et al 1 Asst. professor School of Social Service Administration U. of Chicago Thomas E., James K., and Tracly K., Asst. professor School of Social Service Administration U. of Chicago, professor of Social Work, and doctoral student School of Social Work, "Student debates in policy courses: promoting policy practice skills and knowledge through active learning," Journal of Social Work Education, Spr/Summer 2001, EBSCOhost

SOCIAL WORKERS HAVE a professional responsibility to shape social policy and legislation (National Association
AND
yield a reevaluation and reconstruction of knowledge and beliefs pertaining to the issue. 

Effective deliberation is the lynchpin of solving all existential global problems

Lundberg 10 Christian O. Lundberg Professor of Communications @ University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, "Tradition of Debate in North Carolina" in Navigating Opportunity: Policy Debate in the 21st Century By Allan D. Louden, p311

The second major problem with the critique that identifies a naivety in articulating debate and
AND
with the existential challenges to democracy ~in an~ increasingly complex world.

Tournament: D7 | Round: 4 | Opponent: JMU GR | Judge: Kurr
The affirmative fundamentally ignores the current socio-political occasion, one governed by a military metaphysics of violence.  We are in the midst of a neoliberal revolution, an in-between time of governance, converging with violence, to place all life under the universalizing sign of the permanent war zone.  
The 1AC constitutes an act of willfully forgetting, not only of the very situation in which it emerges, but also the task of the intellectual in this age; one who bears the responsibility of rendering opaque forms of violence visible rather than merely (re)organize the ongoing production of violence.
This debate is a question of competing trajectories of intellectual inquiry - Vote negative to renounce the affirmative’s endorsement of scholarship that focuses exclusively on the technocratic administration of war.
Giroux 2013 (Henry A. Giroux, Professor at McMaster University in the English and Cultural Studies Department and a Distinguished Visiting Professorship at Ryerson University. The Violence of Organized Forgetting, Truthout | Op-Ed.  Monday, 22 July 2013 00:00,http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/17647-the-violence-of-organized-forgetting)
I want to argue that the current historical moment or what Stuart Hall calls the
AND
But historical and public memory is not merely on the side of domination.
The military-academic complex is merely one of many readily perceptible, but largely
AND
military desires as if this were but the natural way of the world.
Any determination of the ballot demands a prior question, one which attends to the unique confinements and constraints of both our current socio-political occasion but also this specific occasion and space of debate.
Bowers 2011 (C.A. Bowers, University of Oregon.  Ecologically and Culturally Informed Educational Reforms in Teacher Education and Curriculum Studies.  Critical Education.  Volume 2 Number 14 December 20, 2011 ISSN 1920-4125)
Classroom teachers and university professors do not have the political and economic power to challenge
AND
impact on universities that online news has had on the country’s traditional newspapers.

Tournament: D7 | Round: 2 | Opponent: JMU HH | Judge: Bertram

The U.S. with international partners should finance the U.N. Counter-Terrorism Committee, support international technological cooperation and law enforcement, translate UN Security council resolution 1540 into a legally binding requirement, have UN members establish that acts of terrorism represent violation of human rights, and create a body to investigate member state compliance on counter-terrorism measures.

Solves terrorism

CFR 13 The Global Regime for Terrorism, Council on Foreign Relations, June 19, 2013, http://www.cfr.org/asia-and-pacific/global-regime-terrorism/p25729~~23p5

U.S. and international action are needed to ensure the success of global
AND
their counterterror regimes by global recognition of their noncompliance and subsequent political pressure.

Tournament: D7 | Round: 2 | Opponent: JMU HH | Judge: Bertram

Politics-Sanctions

1. No Sanctions- Obama PC is key to prevent nuclear Iran and war

Raju and Everett 2/6 Bill Clinton, AIPAC urge delay on Iran sanctions, MANU RAJU and BURGESS EVERETT, 2/6/14, http://www.politico.com/story/2014/02/bill-clinton-iran-sanctions-103219.html

The White House’s push to delay an Iran sanctions vote got a big boost this
AND
war, equally unacceptable. We have to give these negotiations a chance."

2. Fights over war powers devastate Obama’s Iran strategy

Lawrence J. Haas 13 is former communications director for Vice President Gore, writes widely on foreign affairs and is author of "Sound the Trumpet: The United States and Human Rights Promotion."  "President-Congress Clash Over Iran Sanctions Won’t Serve U.S. Interests," 12-12-13, http://www.ibtimes.com/president-congress-clash-over-iran-sanctions-wont-serve-us-interests-1507102, DOA: 1-30-14, y2k

A congressional push for more sanctions against Iran raises a difficult question related to the
AND
. That won’t do his successor, or the nation, any good. 

3. Nuclear war

Edelman et al 11 The Dangers of a Nuclear Iran, The Limits of Containment, Eric S. Edelman, Andrew F. Krepinevich Jr, and Evan Braden Montgomery JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2011, ERIC S. EDELMAN is a Distinguished Fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments; he was U.S. Undersecretary of Defense for Policy in 2005-9. ANDREW F. KREPINEVICH is President of the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments. EVAN BRADEN MONTGOMERY is a Research Fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments, http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/67162/eric-s-edelman-andrew-f-krepinevich-jr-and-evan-braden-montgomer/the-dangers-of-a-nuclear-iran

Yet this view is far too sanguine. Above all, it rests on the
AND
capabilities, raising the possibility of a highly unstable regional nuclear arms race.

Tournament: D7 | Round: 2 | Opponent: JMU HH | Judge: Bertram

Queer Theory

1. The aff’s taming of the military is an illusion. The US militaries saving civilization fantasy require placing the queer Other into an association of femininity with subordination, weakness, passivity, and inferiority

Richter-Montpetit 07, Political Science Department, York University, 2007
(Melanie, "Empire, Desire and Violence: A Queer Transnational Feminist Reading of the Prisoner ’Abuse’ in Abu Ghraib and the Question of ’Gender Equality",International Feminist Journal of Politics; Mar 2007, Vol. 9 Issue 1, p38-59, 22p) Hdo

As my analysis of the sexed, racialized torture practices has shown, the ’
AND
, classed and racialized bodies of some of the US Empire’s internal Others.

2. Heteronormativity is the root cause of hierarchal modes of thought – results in racism, sexism, and sovereign control that eliminates difference

Pinar 2003
~William F., Professor at Louisiana State,  Journal of Homosexual Studies~jap
It is queer theory that has enabled me to understand that the democratization of American
AND
corresponds to their imagined and often sexualized existence in the white male mind.   

====3. Therefore our alternative is to reject the heteronormativity present in the affirmative – only Rejecting heteronormativity can elucidate and open up discourse. This unveiling of preconceived norms sets the stage for a new politic of refusal and reformation and creates a disruption of the linear temporality that the affirmative perpetuates====
Chambers 2007
~Samuel A. Chambers, Department of Politics and International Relations, ’An Incalculable Effect’: Subversions of Heteronormativity, POLITICAL STUDIES: 2007 VOL 55, 656–679~jap
However,and as I will demonstrate below, heteronormativity cannot be translated into a
AND
an act of ’discrimination’ or ’oppression’ that could merely be condemned).

Tournament: Navy | Round: 2 | Opponent: ALL | Judge: EVERYONE

Tournament: D7 | Round: Semis | Opponent: Towson BG | Judge: Bertram, Lewis, Spiker

Interpretation: the aff must defend a restriction on the War Powers Authority of the President of the United States through the United States Federal Government.

====Discussion is not a restriction ====
Scott and Dryer 20
(William Scott Gray, John L. Dryer "Proceedings of the Constitutional Convention of the State of ...", Volume 2, 1920, Accessed via GMU Libraries, EBSCO, Last Accessed 2/23/14) ELJ
Mr. Six ((Pike). I agree with the gentleman from Cook and Knox that the clause under discussion is not a restriction upon the representation of the City of Chicago or Cook county, for the good and sufficient reason which the delegate from Knox stated, that the massed vote or spirit of the representations of one given county has a an influence greater than the more members scattered throughout a greater territory

Discussion is when individuals talk about a common topic without consensus the difference between discussion and debate s that there are judges and the judges must come to a consensus – therefore – there is no change if you endorse their methodology.

United States Federal Government means the government in DC

Baker, Goucher College history professor, 2009
~Jean H., B.A., M.A., Ph.D, "United States Government," http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=1741500781, ~

United States Government, the combination of federal, state, and local laws, bodies, and agencies that is responsible for carrying out the operations of the United States. The federal government of the United States is centered in Washington, D.C.

Violation:

1. The affirmative endorses a discussion of the topic, not a restriction on the war powers authority of the President of the United States.

2. The affirmative does not use state action of the United States.

3. Spillover from the debate community is a double turn either no solvency or they’re not topical.

Prefer our interpretation

1. Ground – not prohibiting presidential actions makes all DA links and counterplan competition impossible since the AFF isn’t required to stop the President from doing anything.  Access to this ground is key to negative preparation to check AFF topic selection and infinite prep at the beginning of the season.

2. Brightline – the plan text either prohibits or it does not – our interpretation establishes a clear division of topical and non-topical affirmatives, which reduces judge intervention and preserves clash in the debate.

3. Bidirectionality – absent a prohibition, the aff can create meaningless "conditions" that EXPAND presidential power – commission consultation proves

Bidirectionality – Absent prohibition they can create conditions that functionally increase authority

Posner 12 (Eric, University of Chicago Law, "Deference to the Executive in the United States After September 11: Congress, the Courts, and the Office of Legal Counsel", http://ericposner.com/DEFERENCE20TO20THE20EXECUTIVE.pdf)
To see why, consider an example in which the President must choose an action
AND
their power. If it did not, people would not enter contracts.

4. Limits – The topic is huge – 4 areas times 2 mechanisms all with separate literature and unique advantages – they chose two.

Tournament: D7 | Round: 2 | Opponent: JMU HH | Judge: Bertram

T

Restrictions are prohibitions

Jean Schiedler-Brown 12, Attorney, Jean Schiedler-Brown 26 Associates, Appellant Brief of Randall Kinchloe v. States Dept of Health, Washington,  The Court of Appeals of the State of Washington, Division 1, http://www.courts.wa.gov/content/Briefs/A01/68642920Appellant20Randall20Kincheloe27s.pdf

3. The ordinary definition of the term "restrictions" also does not include
AND
some supervision conditions, but he did not agree to restrict his license.

Both titles are restrictions and the shift would only instill oversight

Andru 2011
~Wall, Andru.  (2011): "Demystifying the Title 10-Title 50 Debate: Distinguishing Military Operations, Intelligence
Activities 26 Covert Action", Harvard National Security Journal, Vol. 3. http://harvardnsj.org/wp-
content/uploads/2012/01/Vol.-3_Wall1.pdf~jap

After  establishing the relevant legal authorities, Part III discusses Congressional oversight, which reveals
AND
explaining why some military and intelligence activities look alike, yet remain distinguishable. 

1. Title shift doesn’t restrict authority

Spencer Ackerman, Wired DangerRoom, 3/20/13, Little Will Change If the Military Takes Over CIA’s Drone Strikes, www.wired.com/dangerroom/2013/03/military-drones/

Nor does the change to military drone control restrict the relevant legal authorizations in place. The Obama administration relies on an expansive interpretation of a 2001 congressional authorization to run its global targeted-killing program. If that authorization constrains the military to the "hot" battlefield of Afghanistan, someone forgot to tell the Joint Special Operations Command to get out of Yemen.