Tournament: Navy | Round: 1 | Opponent: All | Judge: Any
PLAN

The United States Congress should substantially increase statutory restrictions on the war powers authority of the President of the United States by banning the use of drones for targeted killing in Yemen.

Advantage One: Terrorism

First, blowback
Yemeni drone strikes ensure blowback – nationalism and Anti-Americanism
Bayoumy 2013
YARA BAYOUMY, Insight: In Yemen, al Qaeda gains sympathy amid U.S. drone strikes, 12/13/13, http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/12/13/us-yemen-us-drones-insight-idUSBRE9BC0A020131213, accessed 1/3/14jap

Despite the toll taken on militants...revenge, even if it's a civilian."

Drones fail for Yemen – doesn’t hurt AQAP and Yemeni tribes guarantee blowback
Shepard 12
Michelle, award-winning journalist and author of Decade of Fear: Reporting from Terrorism’s Grey Zones (2011) and Guantanamo’s Child (2008). She is the national security correspondent for The Toronto Star, Canada’s largest newspaper, and has reported among other places from Somalia, Yemen, Pakistan, Albania, Turkey, Kenya and Guantanamo Bay, "Understanding Yemen’s Al Qaeda Threat," PBS Frontline Interview with Azmat Khan, May 29, 2012. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/foreign-affairs-defense/al-qaeda-in-yemen/understanding-yemens-al-qaeda-threat/, accessed 1/7/14jap

The success rate of strikes...AQAP will deftly capitalize.

Second is domestic counter-terrorism:
US drone attacks kill grassroots counter terrorism in Yemen – increases al Qaeda domestic legitimacy
Gosztola 2013
Kevin Gosztola, trusted author who publishes his writing regularly to OpEdNews and Open Salon and he is a 2009 Young People For Fellow. In Congressional Briefing, Yemeni Delegation Describe Terror Drones Bring to Their Communities, Wednesday November 20, 2013, http://dissenter.firedoglake.com/2013/11/20/in-congressional-briefing-yemeni-delegation-describe-terror-drones-bring-to-their-communities/, accessed 1/6/14jap

“We were told that drones...very tragic, tragic moment.”

Yemeni counter terrorism solves – could address all terrorism concerns
Gosztola 2013
Kevin Gosztola, trusted author who publishes his writing regularly to OpEdNews and Open Salon and he is a 2009 Young People For Fellow. In Congressional Briefing, Yemeni Delegation Describe Terror Drones Bring to Their Communities, Wednesday November 20, 2013, http://dissenter.firedoglake.com/2013/11/20/in-congressional-briefing-yemeni-delegation-describe-terror-drones-bring-to-their-communities/, accessed 1/6/14jap

Schakowsky was at one point...praising the strikes.

Third is foreign aid:
Current drone focus drowns effectiveness of foreign aid – which solves for terrorism and instability
Khoury 2013
Nabeel Khoury is Senior Fellow for Middle East and National Security at the Chicago Council on Global Affairs. He previously served as Deputy Chief of Mission in Yemen (2004-2007), Deputy Director of the Media Outreach Centre in London (2002-2004), and Consul General in Morocco (1998-2002). In 2003, during the Iraq war, he served as Department spokesperson at U.S. Central Command in Doha and in Baghdad. IN YEMEN, DRONES AREN’T A POLICY, http://www.aucegypt.edu/gapp/cairoreview/pages/articleDetails.aspx?aid=443, accessed 1/3/14jap

So what happened, between 2007...security and political goals.

Successful terror attacks trigger US invasion
W. Andrew Terrill 13 is the Strategic Studies Institute's Middle East specialist. He served with the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and US Air War College. Dr. Terrill has published in numerous academic journals on a wide range of topics, including nuclear proliferation. He has participated in the Middle Eastern Track 2 talks, part of the Middle East Peace Process. “Drones over Yemen: Weighing Military Benefits and Political Costs,” Parameters 42(4)/43(1) Winter-Spring 2013, http://www.strategicstud-iesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/parameters/Issues/WinterSpring_2013/2_Article_Terrill.pdf, DOA: 10-15-14, y2k

The history of US drone activity in Yemen...foreign policy and humanitarian grounds.

Yemen centric terrorist attacks force US invasion – forcing AQAP out of Yemen would be key concern – kills hegemony and causes Middle East war
Terrill 2011
Andrew, Research Professor in National Security Affairs, "The Conflicts in Yemen and US National Security," Defence Talk, February 15, Strategic Studies Institute, http://www.defencetalk.com/the-conflicts-in-yemen-and-us-national-security-32049/, accessed 1/7/14jap

Additionally, Yemen’s government has...report makes the following recommendations.

Mid-East conflict causes extinction
Russell 9 James, Senior Lecturer Department of National Security Affairs, Spring, “Strategic Stability Reconsidered: Prospects for Escalation and Nuclear War in the Middle East” Security Studies Center Proliferation Papers, http://www.analyst-network.com/articles/141/StrategicStabilityReconsideredProspectsforEscalationandNuclearWarintheMiddleEast.pdf

Strategic stability in the region...substantial risk for the entire world.

Maintaining hegemony is key to solve nuclear conflict in every geopolitical hotspot and to fostering international cooperation which solves every existential threat
Brooks, Ikenberry, and Wohlforth 13
Stephen Brooks is Associate Professor of Government at Dartmouth College AND John Ikenberry is Albert G. Milbank Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University and Global Eminence Scholar at Kyung Hee University in Seoul AND John Wohlforth is Daniel Webster Professor of Government at Dartmouth College. “Lean Forward,” Jan/Feb 2013, Foreign Affairs, EBSCO, Accessed date: 1-9-13 y2k

In Defense of American Engagement...results could well be disastrous.

Advantage Two: Yemen Legitimacy

First link is diplomatic cover
Unfettered drones destroy reform credibility - plan provides massive cover for Yemeni transition progress
Greenfield and Jones 2013
Danya Greenfield and David J. Kramer, Post Correspondents, 4/5/13, “Time to curb American drones,” http://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/international/05-Apr-2013/time-to-curb-american-drones, accessed 1/7/14jap

The US has played a significant role...commitment to their future.

Second link is sovereignty
Plan solves Yemeni legitimacy – reinforcing domestic sovereignty increases perception of Yemeni governmental stability
Bailey 2013
Pam, freelance journalist and activist/cofounder of Global Exchange and CodePink: Women for Peace, How America’s killer Drone strikes undermine Yemeni democracy, http://muslimvillage.com/2013/08/27/43053/americas-killer-drone-strikes-undermine-yemeni-democracy/, accessed 1/7/14jap

“We had no warning. Our local...run their own country.

Yemeni reconciliation on the brink of failure – Hadi illegitimacy causes complete country upheaval and extremist takeover
Uzayr 2013
Sufyan bin Uzayr is the author of “Sufism: A Brief History”. He writes for several print and online publications, and regularly blogs about issues of contemporary relevance at Political Periscope. How Insurgency, Drones and Revolution Are Tearing Yemen Apart, http://www.alternet.org/world/chaos-drones-and-revolution-are-tearing-yemen-apart?page=02C1, accessed 1/6/14jap

So, will elections be conducted...transparency all over again.

Impact is WMD terror and Iran-Saudi war.
Berger et al 12
May, Lars Berger, Lecturer in politics and contemporary history of the middle east at the university of salford/Manchester, Maurice Doring, MA in political science, international law and philosophy from the University of Bonn, Sven-Eric Fikenscher, research fellow at Geothe University, Ahmed Salf, Exeutive Director of the Sheba Center for Strategic Studies, Ahmed Al-Wahishi, Executive Secretary of the Yemeni International Affairs Center, "Yemen and the Middle East Conference The Challenge of Failing States and Transnational Terrorism", http://usir.salford.ac.uk/22952/1/Yemen_and_the_Middle_East_Conference.pdfjap

Yemen’s ongoing domestic crisis...the envisioned MEC.

Independently, the impact to Yemeni transition reversal is global conflict
Hedberg 2010
Lt Col Nicholas, US Navy, paper submitted in fulfillment of a MASTER OF ARTS IN SECURITY STUDIES (MIDDLE EAST, SOUTH ASIA, SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA) at the Naval Postgraduate School; “THE EXPLOITATION OF A WEAK STATE: AL-QAEDA IN THE ARABIAN PENINSULA IN YEMEN,” http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA524655andLocation=U2anddoc=GetTRDoc.pdf, accessed 1/7/14jap

This chapter will address...authority in the eyes of the public.179   

Solvency 

Obama says yes
Baker 13 Peter Baker is Staff Writer @ NYT, “Pivoting From a War Footing, Obama Acts to Curtail Drones,” 5-23-13, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/24/us/politics/pivoting-from-a-war-footing-obama-acts-to-curtail-drones.html?pagewanted=all, DOA: 8-24-13, y2k

WASHINGTON — Nearly a dozen years...we faced before 9/11.”

Plan guarantees enforcement---constraining the executive’s targeting decisions are key
Goldsmith 12 Jack Goldsmith is a Harvard Law professor and a member of the Hoover Task Force on National Security and Law. He served in the Bush administration as assistant attorney general in charge of the Office of Legal Counsel. His new book is Power and Constraint: The Accountable Presidency after 9/11. “Fire When Ready: Obama's targeted drone strikes -- even on Americans -- aren't illegal. In fact, there's a solid legal foundation and a number of checks and balances upholding his right to take out terrorists.” 3-19-12,
http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/03/19/fire_when_ready?page=full, DOA: 9-5-13, y2k

Instead of convincing critics...embedded in the rule of law.

Tournament: clarion | Round: 1 | Opponent: liberty | Judge: sean lowry
Observation 1 is the Speed and the Severance
The continuing proliferation of virtual and cyber war machines detaches actors from the consequences of their actions as the body is severed from its perceptions
James, ‘7
(Ian James, professor of philosophy and French at Cambridge, Ph.D. from Warwick University; “Paul Virilio: (Routledge Critical Thinkers);” published 2007; pages 47-49. Last Accessed 9/29/13) ELJ
As has been indicated…. restructure our relation to the world of sensible appearance.

This transformed situatedness of the body convenes at the center of lived perception - the political
Virilio 95 (Paul Virilio is the emblematic French theorist of technology and professor of philosophy at the European Graduate School, "Speed and Information: Cyberspace Alarm!", 8-27-95, www.ctheory.net/articles.aspx?id=72, accessed 10-25-13 ARO) 

Three physical barriers ….upon a concrete place, the "city".
Plan
Plan Text: The United States Congress should substantially increase statutory restrictions on the war powers authority of the President of the United States by prohibiting the use of Offensive Cyber Operations.
Observation 2 is the the Accident and the Fear

The correlation between advances in technology and the capacity for an accident to occur is linear
James 7
(Ian James, professor of philosophy and French at Cambridge, Ph.D. from Warwick University; “Paul Virilio: (Routledge Critical Thinkers);” published 2007; pages 115-116. Last Accessed 9/29/13) ELJ
In the late 1990s and early 2000s ….or of information, a speci?c accident is born’(Virilio and Baj 2003: 29). 

As we enter hypermodernity we adopt increasingly necessary levels of speed - the very sustenance of the accident
Virilio, ‘5
(Paul Virilio, professor of philosophy at the European Graduate School; “The Information
But what we might add today is that …here supplanting nuclear deterrence.

The speed and its delocalizing effects diffuse war throughout the hypermodern culture, causing a state of war in peacetime known as the "Pure War"
James 7
(Ian James, professor of philosophy and French at Cambridge, Ph.D. from Warwick University; “Paul Virilio: (Routledge Critical Thinkers);” published 2007; pages 72-74. Last Accessed 9/28/13) ELJ
This is true of his meditation …common sense; total war was revealed here in its mythic dimension’ (Virilio 1994a: 12).

This Pure War is the source of a broken politics which serve still to propagate the accident out of ignorance
James, ‘7
(Ian James, professor of philosophy and French at Cambridge, Ph.D. from Warwick
University; “Paul Virilio: (Routledge Critical Thinkers);” published 2007; page 86. Last Accessed 9/29/13) ELJ
The implications …of any true politics worthy of the name possible.

Pure War is internalized and becomes a psychological necessity of the Pure War Culture
Borg, ‘3
(Mark B. Borg is a psychoanalyst and community consultant; “Psychoanalytic Pure War;”
published in the Journal of Psychoanalysis, 2003. Accessed via GMU Libraries, Last Accessed 9/29/13) ELJ
Virilio and Lotringer ….personal, social, and cultural death.

Once internalized, Pure War and the fear of the accident create a boundless war space which causes social and psychological death.
Kellner 8
(Douglas Kellner, professor of philosophy at UCLA; "Preface The Ideology of HIghTech/Postmodern War vs. the Reality of Messy Wars;" http://gseis.ucla.edu/faculty/kellner/essays/2008_Kellner_MessyWarPreface_ver29052008FINAL.pdf, Last Accessed 9/29/13) ELJ
Hence, phenomenal …as shown in Messy Wars’chapter 3 about war environment.

The Psychosis caused by the Pure War mindset eventually comes full circle as it is embraced by the system of speed which produced it
Kroker 92 (Arthur Kroker, Canada Research Chair in Technology, Culture and Theory, " The Possessed Individual: Technology and the French Postmodern", 1992, DOA 10-27-13 ARO)
Someday it might well be said that the political history of the late twentieth century, the fateful time of the fin de millennium, was written under the sign of Paul Virilio…. in the form of the predatory logic of the war machine.

Solvency

The broken political system can only be solved by shifting away from speed and towards deliberative political action - escaping the Pure War psychology
James 7
(Ian James, professor of philosophy and French at Cambridge, Ph.D. from Warwick University; “Paul Virilio: (Routledge Critical Thinkers);” published 2007; pages 67-69. Last Accessed 9/28/13) ELJ
By situating the origin of the city in war, …replacing political economy’ (Virilio and Lotringer 1997: 12).
With Offensive operations we neglect to analyze their effects on civilian populations because of the conditioning of pure war psychology – we must evaluate ethical policy making first
Belk and Noyes 12
Robert and Matthew, Robert is, studying international and global affairs at the Harvard Kennedy School.. Following graduation, he is scheduled to report to the Naval Operations staff in the Pentagon to develop and execute Navy network and cybersecurity policy, Matthew studies international security policy and is a senior associate with the cybersecurity practice at Good Harbor Consulting.. He has a degree in Computer Science and Applied Computational Mathematics from the University of Washington. “On the Use of Offensive Cyber Capabilities A Policy Analysis on Offensive US Cyber Policy”, http://belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/files/cybersecurity-pae-belk-noyes.pdf, Accessed 9-1-13jap-lkm

It is not our intention ….whether or not the operation or policy is ethically permissible.