Tournament: CEDA | Round: 8 | Opponent: North Texas CS | Judge: Vincent
High theory philosophy is problematic- the 1AC recreates the same violence they aim to change though their use of method that has empirically excluded discussions on race
Bailiey and Zita 2007 Alison, Jacquelyn N, The Reproduction of Whiteness: Race and the Regulation of the Gendered Body Hypatia, Volume 22, Number 2, Spring 2007, pp. vii-xv (Article)
http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/hyp/summary/v022/22.2bailey_a.html vii-viii Accessed 12/27/2013 DMW
Philosophical methods
human experience.

The aff’s differences are what mask the differences in others- they ignore the smaller, domestic violent acts that cause the same violence, but yet they only consider the loss of soliders abroad, or the targeted killing, when the same thing goes on within American borders, unchecked and not-stopping.
Scheper-Hughes and Bourgois, 2004 (Prof of Anthropology @ Cal-Berkely; Prof of Anthropology @ UPenn) (Nancy and Philippe, Introduction: Making Sense of Violence, in Violence in War and Peace, pg. 19-22 Accessed 2/8/2014 DMW

This large and
feelings of victimization).

The Alternative is to renounce the affirmative.

We are the marking of the violence of whiteness, making it visible to those that benefit from it. Causing a self critical self re-evaluation that is the key step to breaking down the hegemonic hold Whiteness has on America – we are the mirror on the wall
Yancy 12 (George, Professor of Philosophy at Duquesne University and Coordinator of the Critical Race Theory Speaker Series, 2012, “Look, a White! Philosphical Essays on Whiteness”, p. 10-14, Date Accessed: May 2, 13) IB 

Ahmed, hooks...look, a white!"  

ROB is the judge should be an educator Our alternative asks you to look at your own pedagogical practices as an adjudicator situated in this very unique location of the debate space.  Rather than reaffirm the questioning gaze of whiteness we return the gaze and ask you turn the focus inward, tarry with the complexities of race and the judge space assigned, and transform pedagogy itself by recognizing and marking the seemingly elusive practices of whiteness revealed, even if only in artifice.
Charbeneau 2009 (Jessica M. Charbeneau, ENACTMENTS OF WHITENESS IN PEDAGOGICAL PRACTICE: REPRODUCING AND TRANSFORMING WHITE HEGEMONY IN THE UNIVERSITY CLASSROOM.  A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Sociology) in The University of Michigan)
Pedagogical practice i
group of white faculty.
Deconstruction is elitist, racist, and fascist.
Ellis-Christensen, 03 (Tricia, degree in English literature, “What is deconstruction?”, http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-deconstruction.htm)

For those practicing...work before

YOU FAIL to solve your exploded education claims – derrida/deconstruction only reinforces violent dogmatism, moral relativism, and cedes the political to the right

Plaut, 04 (Steven, Professor at the Graduate School of the Business Administration at the University of Haifa, “The Deconstruction of Jacques Derrida”, Frontpage Magazine, 10/11, http://www.frontpagemag.com/readArticle.aspx?ARTID=11030)

Deconstructionism is...behind the curtain."   

Alt fails--Deconstruction is utopian and unachievable
Grieve-Carlson 06 (Gary, Professor of English, Director of General Education, Lebanon Valley College, “Book Review: Is the Radical Left the Child of the Radical Right?”, International Journal of Baudrillard studies, January, http://www.ubishops.ca/baudrillardstudies/vol3_1/grieve.htm)

Wolin’s antipathy...mandatory sentencing.

Tournament: D7 Districts | Round: 8 | Opponent: George Washington AS | Judge: Ben Hagwood, Cole Bender, Paul Johnson
The affirmatives message of equality misrepresents the connection between discourse and structure under its interpretation of law and fails to interrogate the very superstructure of how the plan text as a discursive tactic, only serves to normalize the supremacy of “white racial common sense” through an epistemology of ignorance.
Leo Moore 2014 (Wendy, The Stare Decisis of Racial Inequality: Supreme Court Race Jurisprudence and the Legacy of Legal Apartheid in the United States.  Critical Sociology, Sage)

The explication...racial epistemology.¶ 

The precedent plan is reliant upon is rooted in “orchestrated enslavement, genocide, theft, and oppression, justified through a legal frame” and discursive tactics that perpetuate white supremacy.
Leo Moore 2014 (Wendy, The Stare Decisis of Racial Inequality: Supreme Court Race Jurisprudence and the Legacy of Legal Apartheid in the United States.  Critical Sociology, Sage)

The principle of...contemporary law.

This 1AC’s discursive evasion of mechanisms remains committed to a white epistemic authority and ignorance that only serves to reproduce racial oppression.
Leo Moore 2014 (Wendy, The Stare Decisis of Racial Inequality: Supreme Court Race Jurisprudence and the Legacy of Legal Apartheid in the United States.  Critical Sociology, Sage)

¶ As I illustrated...epistemology of ignorance.

The 1AC’s use of the law is violent in its orgins. As the United States has treated those individuals, justifying the War on Terror, is the same type of violence that was justified centuries earlier- the treatment of the black and brown bodies within indefinite detention is the same as the original American colonizers dominated black and brown bodies when they entered this space-
Richter-Montpetit, 1/30/2014 Melanie,York Centre for International and Security Studies, York University, Canada Beyond the erotics of Orientalism: Lawfare, torture and the racial?sexual grammars of legitimate suffering http://sdi.sagepub.com/content/45/1/43 pg.51-52 Accessed 2/13/2014 DMW

The torture memos...estate. (Cited in Morgan, 1975: 312)

The aff’s differences are what mask the differences in others- they ignore the smaller, domestic violent acts that cause the same violence, but yet they only consider the loss of soliders abroad, or the targeted killing, when the same thing goes on within American borders, unchecked and not-stopping.
Scheper-Hughes and Bourgois, 2004 (Prof of Anthropology @ Cal-Berkely; Prof of Anthropology @ UPenn) (Nancy and Philippe, Introduction: Making Sense of Violence, in Violence in War and Peace, pg. 19-22 Accessed 2/8/2014 DMW

This large and...of victimization).

Your evidence flows neg- The reason why the atrocities in Abu Ghraib exist is because of the mentality within the United States that this type of behavior is “acceptable” due to the use of the same techniques employed within domestic prisons
Brown 2005 Michelle, “"Setting the Conditions" for Abu Ghraib: The Prison Nation Abroad”, American Quarterly 57.3 (2005) 973-997 http://muse.jhu.edu.mutex.gmu.edu/journals/american_quarterly/v057/57.3brown.html Accessed 2/3/2014 DMW
Simultaneously, we...at Abu Ghraib

We are the marking of the violence of whiteness, making it visible to those that benefit from it. Causing a self critical self re-evaluation that is the key step to breaking down the hegemonic hold Whiteness has on America – we are the mirror on the wall
Yancy 12 (George, Professor of Philosophy at Duquesne University and Coordinator of the Critical Race Theory Speaker Series, 2012, “Look, a White! Philosphical Essays on Whiteness”, p. 10-14, Date Accessed: May 2, 13) IB 

Ahmed, hooks...look, a white!"  

The conditions of domestic prisons are considered a given in American culture, becoming a “dropping the soap” joke rather than a point of horror while the aff’s depictions of secret torture facilities reinforce the idea that this brutality only happens somewhere else, which creates the silence surrounding domestic prisons – This denial comes from the prison being more than a representation of American society, it is the root of it, expressing and reinforcing American imperialism, racism, and classism
Whitmer 6 Benjamin Whitmer, professor of Ethnic Studies at The University of Colorado-Boulder, “‘Torture Chambers and Rape Rooms’ What Abu Ghraib Can Tell Us About the American Carceral System,” CR: The New Centennial Review 6.1, project musecd

"No Where to Run"...prove the rule.

Tournament: D7 Districts | Round: 8 | Opponent: George Washington AS | Judge: Ben Hagwood, Cole Bender, Paul Johnson
Epistemology of Ignorance – the world post the affirmative is racially structured the raicalized discourse of that create an ideology that obscures the structural realities of how the world fundamentally operates a aff ballot signifys that some torture is good in some instances but this one instance is enough to solve some shoddy impacts this is the same logic that legitimates oppressive white structures  
Olson 4 Joel Olson, associate professor of political theory at Northern Arizona University in Flagstaff and a social justice activist, The Abolition of White Democracy, University of Minnesota Press, pg. 68-69cd

As Anthony Marx...white supremacy.7

Kalief Browder – detained and tortured
Mathias 13 (Christopher, The Huffington Post, “Kalief Browder, NYC Teen Jailed For Years With No Conviction, Says Rikers Guards 'Starved' Him”, 12/02/2013, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/12/02/kalief-browder_n_4373544.html, Date Accessed: Dec 31, 2013) IB 

In March...employed individuals.

Lewis Little – Detained and tortured
Lamont 14 (Lilly, contributing editor with the Triangle Free Press, Human Rights Delegate with Witness for Peace and organizer with Workers World Party” One Month a Slave: The Case of Lewis Little”, Feb 8,2013 http://blacksankofa.wordpress.com/2014/02/08/one-month-a-slave-the-case-of-lewis-little/, Date Accessed: Feb 8, 2014)

It was late...maybe not

Attempts by white authors to speak from nowhere are a veiled form of whiteness. Also, the Black body has to be the starting point for interpreting race and critiquing Whiteness
Yancy 5
(George, Professor of Philosophy at Duquesne University, “Whiteness and the Return of the Black Body”, The Journal of Speculative Philosophy, New Series, Volume 19, Number 4, 2005, pp. 215-241, LKM)

I write out...value. (Snead 1994, 4).

The concepts of war, expansionism, and interventionism are underwritten by domestic militarism of police violence and black subjugation through the “Justice” system
Sexton 07 Jared Sexton, "Racial Profiling and the Societies of Control," Warfare in the American Homeland: Policing and Prison in a Penal Democracy,  Duke University Press, Durham and London, 2007, pg 197-202cd

I am not suggesting...threat of terrorism.

Blackness cannot be rearticulated through a prism of white discourse – perms are a violent form of white appropriation that tack on our project
Yancy 2012 (George Yancy Duquesne University. How Can You Teach Me if You Don’t Know Me?  Embedded Racism and White Opacity.  Journal of Philosophy of Education.  Pages 45-46)
So, my contention...please stand up?

Tournament: D7 Districts | Round: 8 | Opponent: George Washington AS | Judge: Ben Hagwood, Cole Bender, Paul Johnson
You should tarry with this new information- acting immediately leads to problems- they have proven this through the 1AC/2AC Cx where instead of listening to the problems that they have created, they have simply tried to justify their means, the framing from the aff this entire debate has been a form of just ignoring the abuses that are directly in front of them.
Yancy, 12/4/2013 George, Department of Philosophy, McAnulty College and Graduate School of Liberal Arts, “Educational Philosophy and Theory (2013): Tarrying Together, Educational Phiiosophy and Theory” httn://dx,d01.0r2/10.1080/001318571011861197, Pg 1–2 Accessed 12/24/2013 DMW

As I read through...psychical existence.

And this debate over war powers skirts over the war at home - white supremacy fuels white nation building that always focuses on the subjugation of the black body
Rodriguez 10 (Dylan Rodriguez, University of California, Riverside, “The Terms of Engagement: Warfare, White Locality, and Abolition” Critical Sociology, Crit Sociol January 2010 vol. 36 no. 1 151-173)

The state’ is fundamentally...rhetorical counts. 

You vote negative now- there is a sequencing question they cannot answer- it doesn’t matter if we change the policies within international prisons if those running it have not been trained, or changed from flawed domestic policy- the impact is the case can’t solve and the silencing of the victims of all types of detention within the US
Brown 2005 Michelle, “"Setting the Conditions" for Abu Ghraib: The Prison Nation Abroad”, American Quarterly 57.3 (2005) 973-997 http://muse.jhu.edu.mutex.gmu.edu/journals/american_quarterly/v057/57.3brown.html Accessed 2/3/2014 DMW
Several of the...citizenry. End Page 985

Tournament: D7 Districts | Round: 6 | Opponent: Pitt CK | Judge: Shree Awsare
Substantially
Compact Oxford English Dictionary, 2009
"Substantially," http://www.askoxford.com/concise_oed/substantially?view=uk, l/n

substantially...essentially.

Substantial
Cambridge Dictionary of American English, 2009
"Substantially," http://dictionary.cambridge.org/define.asp?key=substantial*1+0anddict=A, 

Substantial...phone

Restrictions on authority are distinct from conditions
William Conner 78, former federal judge for the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York United States District Court, S. D. New York, CORPORACION VENEZOLANA de FOMENTO v. VINTERO SALES, http://www.leagle.com/decision/19781560452FSupp1108_11379

Plaintiff next contends...specified conditions

There's a clear brightline -restrictions require a floor and a ceiling-o versight is a floor but doesn't set a cap on the President's potential actions
USCA 77, UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT, 564 F.2d 292, 1977 U.S. App. LEXIS 10899,. 1978 Fire and Casualty Cases (CCH) P317
C
ontinental argues...ceiling, for coverage.

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 5 | Opponent: New York DD | Judge: Anthony Rowles
Translators, engineers, JAG officers, military intelligence, accountants, psychologists, civil affairs, public affairs, ambassadors, chaplains, nurses, doctors, recruiters, transporters, mechanical maintanence – the list we are submitting into evidence is a table of jobs specific to the army by Rod Powers in 2013, a retired air force general, it has 198 different positions they make topical
Powers 2013
Rod Powers, Retired air force first sergeant, Complete List of Army Enlisted MOS's, http://usmilitary.about.com/od/enlistedjobs/a/enlmos.htmjap

MOS 09L INTERPRETER/TRANSLATER WATER TREATMENT SPECIALIST...UNIT SUPPLY SPECIALIST, SENIOR NONCOMMISSIONED LOGISTICIAN

Even if we don’t have our hands on the levers of power- the kills our model promotes are valuable
Steinberg and Freeley 8 Austin J. Freeley is a Boston based attorney who focuses on criminal, personal injury and civil rights law, AND David L. Steinberg, Lecturer of Communication Studies @ U Miami, Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making pp9-10

If we assume...through reasoned debate.

Constraints are more conducive to creative thinking
Gibbert et al. 7 Michael Gibbert, Assistant Professor of Management at Bocconi University (Italy), et al., with Martin Hoeglis, Professor of Leadership and Human Resource Management at WHU—Otto Beisheim School of Management (Germany), and Lifsa Valikangas, Professor of Innovation Management at the Helsinki School of Economics (Finland) and Director of the Woodside Institute, 2007, “In Praise of Resource Constraints,” MIT Sloan Management Review, Spring, Available Online at https://umdrive.memphis.edu/gdeitz/public/The20Moneyball20Hypothesis/Gibbert20et20al.20-20SMR20(2007)20Praise20Resource20Constraints.pdf, p. 15-16

Resource constraints...under a glut of resources.

Rules are necessary precondition for freedom
Rosenburg 4 Melinda, PhD Philosophy – U South Florida, “Antagonist Allies: Bridging the Abyss Between Nietzsche and Democracy”, Doctoral Dissertation, 5-17, http://etd.fcla.edu/SF/SFE0000415/Dissertation.pdf

In this dissertation...do as we will

Predictability is key to clash- causes rigorous testing of ideas- absent testing there is no way to valiadate the aff’s truth claims- be skeptical of their impact turns
Zappen 4 James, Prof. Language and Literature – Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, “The Rebirth of Dialogue: Bakhtin, Socrates, and the Rhetorical Tradition”, p. 35-36

Finally, Bakhtin...Polus, and Callicles

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 5 | Opponent: New York DD | Judge: Anthony Rowles
Interpretation: Affirmatives must restrict war powers authority for introducing US armed forced into hostilities

Armed Forces are combatants that fight in armed conflict
ICRC 2013 (International Committee of the Red Cross, “Customary International Law,” This is the updated version of the Study on customary international humanitarian law conducted by the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and originally published by Cambridge University Press, http://www.icrc.org/customary-ihl/eng/docs/v1_cha_chapter1_rule4)

Rule 4. Definition...liable to attack.

Introduction into hostilities is placing forces into possible armed conflict – prefer our evidence it’s the most qualified on the subject
Library of Congress 2013
War Powers, http://www.loc.gov/law/help/war-powers.phpjap

The Constitution...armed conflict.

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 7 | Opponent: Army LS | Judge: Joe Leeson Schatz
Interpretation: affirmatives must restrict the president’s ability to conduct war

Restrict is to restrain
Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, 9
“restrict”, http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/restrictjap

• Main Entry...see limit

War powers authority is the power to successfully conduct war
Zeisberg 13 assistant professor of political science, University of Michigan
(Mariah, War Powers:  The Politics of Constitutional Authority, 2013, p. 50)
The power...constitutionally authoritative.

Authority denotes capacity to act and is permissive.
Words and Phrases, 2004  (Volume 4a, Cumulative Supplement Pamphlet, p. 277)
Iowa 1977...Emp 3076

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 7 | Opponent: Army LS | Judge: Joe Leeson Schatz
Increase requires pre-existing entities.
Brown, US District Judge, 7-17-2003
Anna J., UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF OREGON, 275 F. Supp. 2d 1307; 2003 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 13355, l/n, accessed 8-1-10, mss 

The Fair...lower price.

Tournament: Clarion | Round: 2 | Opponent: Wayne State BS | Judge: Rob Noerr
Restrictions are prohibitions
Jean Schiedler-Brown 12, Attorney, Jean Schiedler-Brown and Associates, Appellant Brief of Randall Kinchloe v. States Dept of Health, Washington,  The Court of Appeals of the State of Washington, Division 1, http://www.courts.wa.gov/content/Briefs/A01/68642920Appellant20Randall20Kincheloe27s.pdf

3. The ordinary definition...restrict his license

Tournament: West Point | Round: 4 | Opponent: West Virginia BO | Judge: David Merkle
Resolved before a colon reflects a legislative forum
Army Officer School 4 5-12, “# 12, Punctuation – The Colon and Semicolon”, http://usawocc.army.mil/IMI/wg12.htm

The colon introduces...petition the mayor.

Predictability is key to clash- causes rigorous testing of ideas- absent testing there is no way to valiadate the aff’s truth claims- be skeptical of their impact turns
Zappen 4 James, Prof. Language and Literature – Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, “The Rebirth of Dialogue: Bakhtin, Socrates, and the Rhetorical Tradition”, p. 35-36

Finally, Bakhtin describes...Polus, and Callicles

Contradictory positions crucial to solve AUTHORITARIAN pedagogy and lead to critical thinking - outweighs because only education spills over
Lewis and Dehler 00¶ Journal of Management Education December 2000 vol. 24 no. 6 708-725¶ U Cincinnati College of Business, Professor Lewis is the Interim Associate Dean of Undergraduate Programs and Professor of Management. She also leads the Kolodzik Business Scholars Program, as its themes of innovation, collaboration and globalization are closely linked to her research and teaching interests. Indeed, her work addresses paradoxes that impede and enable innovation. In particular, Dr. Lewis explores the need to manage paradoxes in three domains. ¶ Gordon E. Dehler, PhD. Associate Professor. The College of Charleston. School of Business and Economics. Department of Management and Entrepreneurship

Teaching with...happened” (Palmer, 1998, p. 94).

Switch-side debate prevents moral dogmatism
Muir 93 Star, Prof. Comm. – George Mason U., Philosophy and Rhetoric, “A Defense of the Ethics of Contemporary Debate”, 26(4), pp. 288-290

Values clarification...moral identity
Not engaging the opposite side creates an echo chamber that cuts off any possibility for change
Giltin 3 Todd, Professor of Journalism and Sociology at Colombia and Former President of Students for a Democratic Society, Letters to a Young Activist, 120-121

Green rectitude is...Noam, whomever.

Policy simulation’s good- key to portable skills
Robert Farley 12, assistant professor at the Patterson School of Diplomacy and International Commerce at the University of Kentucky, February 29, 2012, “Teaching Crisis Decision-Making Through Simulations,” World Politics Review, online:
http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/11628/over-the-horizon-teaching-crisis-decision-making-through-simulations 

What goes for war...public policy career

Tournament: Binghamton | Round: Semis | Opponent: Cornell PW | Judge: Bill Shanahan, Chris Kozak, Kevin Cenac
A. Interpretation: Affirmatives must Increase restrictions, which means to make greater
Dictionary.com Unabridged
Based on the Random House Dictionary, Random House, Inc. 2010., "Increase," http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/increase, accessed 8-1-10, mss

Increase–verb ... b.offspring; progeny.

B. Violation- decisions aren’t self executing means no increase
Rosenburg, political science professor at University of Chicago, 2001
(Gerald, The Hollow Hope, pg 15)

For courts...Court’s limits.

Decisions without grounds have no legal weight
Post, 2001
Robert, UC-Berkeley law professor, “ARTICLE: The Supreme Court Opinion as Institutional Practice: Dissent, Legal Scholarship, and Decisionmaking in the Taft Court”, May, 85 Minn. L. Rev. 1267jap

So, for example...429 (1886).

Tournament: Binghamton | Round: Semis | Opponent: Cornell PW | Judge: Bill Shanahan, Chris Kozak, Kevin Cenac
No grounds causes rollback
Hensleyand Johnson, 1998
Thomas and Scott, political science professors “ARTICLE: Unanimity on the Rehnquist Court,” 31 Akron L. Rev. 387jap

As one of...power stakes.

3. Not specifying means the plan could be implemented on narrow or procedural grounds- means the plan won’t carry precedential weight over the issues
Dorf, 2006
Michael, Columbia law professor “Chief Justice Roberts Advocates the Passive Virtues, Even as the Supreme Court's Docket Reveals their Subtle Vices,”, 11-20, http://writ.news.findlaw.com/dorf/20061120.htmljap

In an interview...decide that issue

Tournament: James Madison | Round: 3 | Opponent: Vandy SW | Judge: Beth Mendenhall
Restrictions are prohibitions
Jean Schiedler-Brown 12, Attorney, Jean Schiedler-Brown and Associates, Appellant Brief of Randall Kinchloe v. States Dept of Health, Washington,  The Court of Appeals of the State of Washington, Division 1, http://www.courts.wa.gov/content/Briefs/A01/68642920Appellant20Randall20Kincheloe27s.pdf

3. The ordinary...restrict his license.

National Security Courts give the president more authority to detain
Fisher 9 Special ‘Terror’ Courts Worry Legal Experts, by William Fisher, May 21, 2009, http://original.antiwar.com/fisher/2009/05/20/special-terror-courts/

"The rule of law...federal criminal courts."

Tournament: Clarion | Round: 2 | Opponent: Wayne State BS | Judge: Rob Noerr
Indefinite Detention means detaining an arrested person without a trial
US LEGAL 13 US Legal Forms Inc., Indefinite Detention Law and Legal Definition http://definitions.uslegal.com/i/indefinite-detention/

Indefinite detention
USA Patriot Act. 

Military detention under the AUMF isn’t indefinite – ends once hostilities end
NDAA 2012
http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-112hr1540enr/pdf/BILLS-112hr1540enr.pdfjap
SEC. 1021. AFFIRMATION...of subsection (b)(2).

Restriction is a prohibition
Northglenn 11
City of Northglenn Zoning Ordinance, “Rules of Construction – Definitions”, http://www.northglenn.org/municode/ch11/content_11-5.htmljap

Section 11-5...permit or license.

Tournament: James Madison | Round: 3 | Opponent: Vandy SW | Judge: Beth Mendenhall
Restrictions on authority are distinct from conditions
William Conner 78, former federal judge for the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York United States District Court, S. D. New York, CORPORACION VENEZOLANA de FOMENTO v. VINTERO SALES, http://www.leagle.com/decision/19781560452FSupp1108_11379

Plaintiff next contends...the specified conditions.

There's a clear brightline -restrictions require a floor and a ceiling-o versight is a floor but doesn't set a cap on the President's potential actions
USCA 77, UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT, 564 F.2d 292, 1977 U.S. App. LEXIS 10899,. 1978 Fire and Casualty Cases (CCH) P317
C
ontinental argues that even...ceiling, for coverage.

National security court would call for increased authority
Finn 9 Administration Won't Seek New Detention System, Peter Finn, Washington Post (9.24.09) http://www.nationalsecuritylaw.net/Article.No20New20Detention20System20(WP209.24.09).htm

The Obama...additional authorization

Tournament: West Point | Round: 1 | Opponent: Liberty AB | Judge: Joe Keeton
Restrictions are prohibitions
Jean Schiedler-Brown 12, Attorney, Jean Schiedler-Brown and Associates, Appellant Brief of Randall Kinchloe v. States Dept of Health, Washington,  The Court of Appeals of the State of Washington, Division 1, http://www.courts.wa.gov/content/Briefs/A01/68642920Appellant20Randall20Kincheloe27s.pdf

3. The ordinary...restrict his license

Pakistan consents to US drone strikes – means you aren’t a restriction
Groves 13 Steven Groves, April 10, 2013, Bernard and Barbara Lomas Senior Research Fellow, He has testified before Congress on international law, human rights, the United Nations and U.N. peacekeeping operations) Drone Strikes: The Legality of U.S. Targeting Terrorists Abroad, Backgrounder on Terrorism, http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2013/04/drone-strikes-the-legality-of-us-targeting-terrorists-abroad

In September 2012...conduct drone operations

Tournament: Binghamton | Round: 2 | Opponent: Bard DT | Judge: Erika Jensen
The role of the ballot is to answer the resolutional question- The aff’s failure to advance a topical defense of federal policy undermines debate’s potential

Our interpretation is grammatically correct
Ericson 3 Jon M., Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts – California Polytechnic U., et al., The Debater’s Guide, Third Edition, p. 4

The Proposition of …that you propose

A limited topic of discussion is key to decision-making and advocacy skills- this still provides room for creativity, but targets the discussion
Steinberg and Freeley 8 Austin J. Freeley is a Boston based attorney who focuses on criminal, personal injury and civil rights law, AND David L. Steinberg, Lecturer of Communication Studies @ U Miami, Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making pp45

Debate is a …the following discussion.

Discussion of specific policy-questions is crucial for skills development- posits students as agents of decision-making
Esberg and Sagan 12 Jane Esberg is special assistant to the director at New York Universityand#39;s Center on. International Cooperation. She was the winner of 2009 Firestone Medal, AND Scott Sagan is a professor of political science and director of Stanfordand#39;s Center for International Security and Cooperation “NEGOTIATING NONPROLIFERATION: Scholarship, Pedagogy, and Nuclear Weapons Policy,” 2/17 The Nonproliferation Review, 19:1, 95-108

These government or …act on information.14

Switch-side is key- forces critical thinking and better advocacy
Keller et al 1 Asst. professor School of Social Service Administration U. of Chicago Thomas E., James K., and Tracly K., Asst. professor School of Social Service Administration U. of Chicago, professor of Social Work, and doctoral student School of Social Work, “Student debates in policy courses: promoting policy practice skills and knowledge through active learning,” Journal of Social Work Education, Spr/Summer 2001, EBSCOhost

SOCIAL WORKERS HAVE …to the issue. 

Effective deliberation is the lynchpin of solving all existential global problems
Lundberg 10 Christian O. Lundberg Professor of Communications @ University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, “Tradition of Debate in North Carolina” in Navigating Opportunity: Policy Debate in the 21st Century By Allan D. Louden, p311

The second major problem …increasingly complex world

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 1 | Opponent: Cal Berkeley MS | Judge: Martin Osborn
Indefinite Detention means detaining an arrested person without a trial
US LEGAL 13 US Legal Forms Inc., Indefinite Detention Law and Legal Definition http://definitions.uslegal.com/i/indefinite-detention/

Indefinite detention is...USA Patriot Act. 

Restriction is a prohibition
Northglenn 11
City of Northglenn Zoning Ordinance, “Rules of Construction – Definitions”, http://www.northglenn.org/municode/ch11/content_11-5.htmljap

Section 11-5-3....permit or license.

Violation: they simply implement policies regarding what is allowed to happen in indefinite detention facilities. They don’t change the fact that indefinite detention still occurs

Tournament: ADA Nationals | Round: 2 | Opponent: Minnesota MW | Judge: Lindsey Shook
This is what we’ll call tyranny of the self – the worst kind of slavery that breeds political fascists by enslaving life to itself.
Baudrillard ‘01

To be...but himself.

The 1AC is an agent of the modern system that attempts to integrate and universalize itself, proclaiming ‘Thou shalt have no false discourse,’ ignoring that all discourse is fundamentally false, all communication fundamentally evil, all existence fundamentally evil.  We should not criticize the system and try to make it better – such only insures that we never have to really change anything about ourselves and that politics can carry on as usual for eternity.  Only political passivity, the terroristic speaking evil of politics, is really a threat to politics today.  
Baudrillard ’05 (The Intelligence of Evil)

It is the secret...want it.

See we live in a world where evil is under siege we’ve come so far and evil is still not eradicated because evil but it has disappeared into everything, forming the under-side of all modern social relations.  The more ideal and utopic the world becomes, the more of a volatile explosive it becomes. 

Baudrillard  ’93 explains the world post the AFF (The Transparency of Evil)

Terrorism in...obsess us

Tournament: ADA Nationals | Round: 2 | Opponent: Minnesota MW | Judge: Lindsey Shook
NDAA is irrelevant- president already possesses that authority under the AUMF
Greenwald 11 Glenn, Salon, Obama to sign indefinite detention bill into law http://www.salon.com/2011/12/15/obama_to_sign_indefinite_detention_bill_into_law/ Accessed 8/3/2013 DMW

First, while...and exercised.

Tournament: ADA Nationals | Round: 2 | Opponent: Minnesota MW | Judge: Lindsey Shook
Most Real World:
Baudrillard 1983 (Jean, In the Shadow of the Silent Majorities or The End of the Social and Other Essays.  Pages 30-48)

The mass...absurd purpose.”

Solves your aff
Per Herngren and Baudrillard 2007 (“Postprotest and Baudrillard” http://perherngren-resistance.blogspot.com/2007/10/jean-baudrillard-is-important-for.html)

Jean Baudrillard...their own rules.”

Tournament: ADA Nationals | Round: 2 | Opponent: Minnesota MW | Judge: Lindsey Shook
Text: The United States Federal Government should amend the 2014 National Defense Authorization Act to block any loopholes from preventing sections 1032, 1080, 1040, 1040B, and 1040C from being enforced. The United States Federal Government should amend the 2014 National Defense Authorization Act to eliminate section 1040D, 1033 and 1034

The Net benefit- they don’t solve the affirmative- their aff is in the context of the 2013 NDAA, the language has changed- Here’s section 1021 and 1022 of the 2014 NDAA- Even if they win the Counterplan fails- you vote negative on presumption- their act of dissent fails because they do not dissent against the part of the NDAA THAT IS CAUSING THESE VIOLENCES
113th Congress, 2013 Congress of the United States of America, H.R. 1960: National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2014 113th CONGRESS 1st Session H. R. 1960 AN ACT To authorize appropriations for fiscal year 2014 for military activities of the Department of Defense, for military construction, and for defense activities of the Department of Energy, to prescribe military personnel strengths for such fiscal year, and for other purposes. https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/113/hr1960/text Accessed 3/14/2014 DMW

Sec.?1021...dock landing ships.

Their AFF can’t solve Obama signed 2014 NDAA into law already – aff dissents against the 2012-2013 provisions
Lennard 13 (Natasha, assistant news editor at Salon, "Obama signs NDAA 2014, indefinite detention remains", Dec 27, 2013, www.salon.com/2013/12/27/obama_signs_ndaa_2014_indefinite_detention_remains/, date accessed: March 14, 2014) {IB}

On Thursday...and unrestricted.

Tournament: ADA Nationals | Round: 3 | Opponent: Mary Washington MP | Judge: Jordan Foley
Off
Despite the affirmative’s manufactured appeal of dissent and criticism in the face of an ever-expanding drone war machine, it’s procedural primacy and investigatory origins give up the ghost in order to conceal of the specter. The 1AC buys into a larger networked revolution of neoliberal power reconfiguration and presents us with a test site of humanity.  Not in what the 1AC reveals about the reversibility of terrorism… or, operational inefficiency…  or hell, even practical illegality of the strikes themselves… but rather in the emergence of blind spots that naturally follow it’s an all-accommodating discursive swoop of co-mission and commiseration with those we believe to have removed themselves from the human community.
This receipt of failure shall serve as documentation of an event in which the interlocking mechanics of exploitation and oppression gain permanency.

Hayes 2013 (Heather Ashley Hayes, Asst Prof of Rhetoric, Whitman College.  “Violent Subjects: A Rhetorical Cartography of Bodies, Spaces, and Technologies in the Global War on Terror.”  A Dissertation SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Heather Ashley Hayes IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Ronald Walter Greene, Adviser, April 2013)
Another line...of governance.

And this debate over war powers skirts over the war at home - white supremacy fuels white nation building that always focuses on the subjugation of the black body
Rodriguez 10 (Dylan Rodriguez, University of California, Riverside, “The Terms of Engagement: Warfare, White Locality, and Abolition” Critical Sociology, Crit Sociol January 2010 vol. 36 no. 1 151-173)

The state’...rhetorical counts. 

The 1AC’s use of the law is violent in its orgins. As the United States has treated those individuals, justifying the War on Terror, is the same type of violence that was justified centuries earlier- the treatment of the black and brown bodies within wars is the same as the original American colonizers dominated black and brown bodies when they entered this space-
Richter-Montpetit, 1/30/2014 Melanie,York Centre for International and Security Studies, York University, Canada Beyond the erotics of Orientalism: Lawfare, torture and the racial?sexual grammars of legitimate suffering http://sdi.sagepub.com/content/45/1/43 pg.51-52 Accessed 2/13/2014 DMW

The torture...in Morgan, 1975: 312)

The aff’s differences are what mask the differences in others- they ignore the smaller, domestic violent acts that cause the same violence, but yet they only consider the loss of soliders abroad, or the targeted killing, when the same thing goes on within American borders, unchecked and not-stopping.
Scheper-Hughes and Bourgois, 2004 (Prof of Anthropology @ Cal-Berkely; Prof of Anthropology @ UPenn) (Nancy and Philippe, Introduction: Making Sense of Violence, in Violence in War and Peace, pg. 19-22 Accessed 2/8/2014 DMW

This large...of victimization).

The threat of being under constant surveillance runs rampant in the Black community causing a fear of inclusion with the rest of the world their social reality then becomes that of being watched and controlled
Yancy 12 (George, Professor of Philosophy at Duquesne University and Coordinator of the Critical Race Theory Speaker Series, 2012, “Look, a White! Philosphical Essays on Whiteness”, p. 49, Date Accessed: May 20, 13) IB 

The desire...of return

The Alternative is to renounce the affirmative as an affirmation of the black counter gaze.

We are the marking of the violence of whiteness, making it visible to those that benefit from it. Causing a self critical self re-evaluation that is the key step to breaking down the hegemonic hold Whiteness has on America – we are the mirror on the wall
Yancy 12 (George, Professor of Philosophy at Duquesne University and Coordinator of the Critical Race Theory Speaker Series, 2012, “Look, a White! Philosphical Essays on Whiteness”, p. 10-14, Date Accessed: May 2, 13) IB 

Ahmed, hooks...look, a white!"  

Case- Solvency
Obama can circumvent the plan- covert loopholes
Lohmann 1-28-13 Julia, director of the Harvard Law National Security Research Committee, BA in political science from the University of California, Berkeley, “Distinguishing CIA-Led from Military-Led Targeted Killings,” http://www.lawfareblog.com/wiki/the-lawfare-wiki-document-library/targeted-killing/effects-of-particular-tactic-on-issues-related-to-targeted-killings/

The U.S....Executive actions

Case- Norms
Generalizations about Asian conflict are based on flawed racial constructions  
Rosen 00 Steven L. Rosen Faculty of Intercultural Communication Hiroshima Women's University Japan as Other:
Intercultural Communication, ISSN 1404-1634, 2000, November, issue 4.  Orientalism and Cultural Conflict http://www.immi.se/intercultural/nr4/rosen.htm

Orientalism as...Japan as Other

US restrictions doesn’t solve
Anderson 10 Kenneth Anderson is a law professor at Washington College of Law, American University, a research fellow of the Hoover Institution at Stanford University and a Non-Resident Visiting Fellow at the Brookings Institution, April 10th 2010, “Acquiring UAV Technology”, http://www.volokh.com/2010/04/09/acquiring-uav-technology/

I’ve noticed a number...their own

Case- Saudi
The affirmative plays into the exceptionalist fantasy of the liberal identity – it sees America as the “city on a hill,” and eradicates those who disagree
Grondin 06 David, PhD in Poli Sci from Univ. of Quebec, Assis. Prof. in Political Studies at Univ. of Ottawa, “The (Politics) of Space: The US Astropolitical Discourse of Global Dominance in the War on Terror,” Paper presented at ISA Convention in San Diego on March 25, 2006

Since 1945...world (Barnett 2004: 369-370).

Tournament: Fullerton | Round: 4 | Opponent: Binghamton CH | Judge: Tom Boroujeni
Cross ex proves they can’t change the white imagination materially post the affirmative this is what our impact is the affirmative does nothing but make SQ violence more insidious no amount of self affirmation will change white consisiousness in the present or future since which is why we must reject the notion of making the world a perfect place we must affirm the ugly underside of being the super hero the constant reminder to the white collective that now is a problem and we will work now to fix it which is why we must imagine ourselves as the Super Villains of the future 

Lewis and Kahn 2010 (Tyson E. Lewis and Richard Kahn, Education out of Bounds: REIMAGINING CULTURAL STUDIES FOR A POSTHUMAN AGE, Edited by Henry A. Giroux.  2010)

When tried and...

The affirmatives vision of equality reduces the monster to an allegory and exception, something that went terribly wrong, and now only romanticized.  This anthropocentric imagination attempts to rid the world of alienation by way of accommodation or banishment.  The monster is reduced to “nothing” as a means of overcoming such critical harms, while always already tainted by anthropocentric assumptions denying the end goal of such a spectral struggle

Lewis and Kahn 2010 (Tyson E. Lewis and Richard Kahn, Education out of Bounds: REIMAGINING CULTURAL STUDIES FOR A POSTHUMAN AGE, Edited by Henry A. Giroux.  2010)

Briefly, the savage...communist equality.

They let whites off the hook an imagined peaceful future is problematic in a world where white consciousness remains stagnant – We argue that the process of un-concealing whiteness is a necessary precondition to "well meaning liberalism” i.e being the constant villain the monstrous reminder of racism and its impact in the world
Yancy 2012 (George Yancy Duquesne University. How Can You Teach Me if You Don’t Know Me?  Embedded Racism and White Opacity.  Journal of Philosophy of Education.  Pages 45-46)
So, my contention...nigger” please stand up?

This mentality is not only exemplified by the perm, but is inherent to the foundation of the cyborg itself.

Lewis and Kahn 2010 (Tyson E. Lewis and Richard Kahn, Education out of Bounds: REIMAGINING CULTURAL STUDIES FOR A POSTHUMAN AGE, Edited by Henry A. Giroux.  2010)

A zoömorphic and...state of exception

Tournament: James Madison | Round: 2 | Opponent: Wake CS | Judge: AJ Warne
Detention policies create human-animal distinctions that leads to genocidal otherization- the alternative is to destroy these distinctions
Pugliese 2013 Joseph, Macquarie University¶ Associate Professor, Resarch Director MMCCS, nominated for the Joseph B. and Toby Gittler Prize, Brandeis University, U.S.A., in recognition of his research and social justice work on race, ethnicity and racism. In 2010 he was awarded Macquarie University Arts Faculty Excellence in Teaching Award "For inspiring students to learn critical thinking skills, oriented by an ethics of social justice, in order engage in learning as a transformative experience." State Violence and the Execution of Law, Biopolitical caesurae of torture, black sites, drones, Pg.92-97 Accessed 10/3/2013 DMW

Whereas in Disneyland...guilt or innocence)

Tournament: West Point | Round: 6 | Opponent: VermontWestern Conneticut AL | Judge: AJ Warne
Short explanation- In the 1NC, Issac read taglines/parts of the affirmative, and then would read parts of a rap he's written- there were three different pieces, I'll post the last two when I can find them.

Do you know what it’s like to always have to look behind your back
Ducking traps
Seeing if He’s reaching for the
Strap?
Will he bust it back,
And send a blaze of bullets at your back?
See these are the realities
of walking the streets
when you’re black.
And I’m not talking about
The bangger that holds the gun
Because I probably know him
I’m talking about the banger that makes me run
For shits and fun
Chasing me down they say I run
These stories and many more
Are told on the side of the tracks where I’m from
But many never see the tracks
That I’ve come
To understand
As the difference between war and freedom
But what the fuck is freedom
In Chiraq

*More tags*, then this

Looking past the past I pass enemies
Thoughts faded conflated
But they aint hearing these
Cries of the adolescents
No they aint hearing these
Lost souls proclaiming to kill their
ENEMIES
But whose’s the enemy?
When me can look like he?
And he can look like her?
Pow Pow
That’s just another child
That’s in the dirt
I’m hearing mother’s crying
HELP
Her babies dying
Killed by another minion
Filled with hot steel and iron
But still the young ones dying
BUT WHAT DO YOU DO
Besides pushing us aside when we came through
But we aint came through
The pain it maims you
And we just bob our heads as you slip it through
The same noose,
Those nooses of opposition
Those nooses of hurt and pain
Those same nooses where our lives end and shall remain
But I’ll be damned if I’m to give up the fight
It’s time to lead the lifeless people back to the light
Through the night
We shall fight for lives man
And if our plan fails
We’ll just pursue it again

*More tags, I still need to find the third set of Issac's lyrics*

Tournament: West Point | Round: 6 | Opponent: VermontWestern Conneticut AL | Judge: AJ Warne
The 1NC is a distinct countermethod to the affirmative. We never said that the 1AC's argument was flawed, we are saying that our method,through Issac's lyrics are an example of the action the negative's advocacy takes, while the affirmative does nothing to change the things they critique. 

There are two net benefits to our advocacy. The first is that the speech act of the 1NC was a better idea than the affirmative because it has a concrete action that leads to actual differences in the round/out of the round. 

The second is that the affirmative double turns themselves- each reason why they said that the negative's advocacy was flawed are reasons why the affirmative doesn't solve but the neg's countermethod does- vote neg on presumption.

And this debate over war powers skirts over the war at home - white supremacy fuels white nation building that always focuses on the subjugation of the black body
Rodriguez 10 (Dylan Rodriguez, University of California, Riverside, “The Terms of Engagement: Warfare, White Locality, and Abolition” Critical Sociology, Crit Sociol January 2010 vol. 36 no. 1 151-173)

The state’...rhetorical counts. 

Our use of Hip Hop changes the method of philosophical engagement regarding race to open up the space for a more lived experience
Yancy 12 (George, Professor of Philosophy at Duquesne University and Coordinator of the Critical Race Theory Speaker Series, 2012, “Look, a White! Philosphical Essays on Whiteness”, p. 10-14, Date Accessed: May 20, 13) IB 

To communicate...of others. 

Winning that policy is bad won’t change Whiteness – Critique and recognition of White Privilege is key to spillover to a broader base
McIntosh 88 (Peggy, associate director @ Wellesley Collage Center for Research on Women, 1988, “White Privilege and Male Privilege: A Personal Account of Coming To See Correspondences through Work in Women's Studies”, http://www.amptoons.com/blog/files/mcintosh.html, Date Accessed: Jan 25, 12 4:48PM) IB 

One factor...broader base. 

This is why you vote negative- our speech act is embedded to us- we are the clear recognition
Yancy 12 (George, Professor of Philosophy at Duquesne University and Coordinator of the Critical Race Theory Speaker Series, 2012, “Look, a White! Philosphical Essays on Whiteness”, p. 10-14, Date Accessed: May 2, 13) IB 

Ahmed, hooks..."look, a white!"¶

Tournament: Navy | Round: 1 | Opponent: Liberty CE | Judge: Ryan Wash
At the start of the 1NC- we played "Black Stacey" by Saul Williams,

right wing waging war on pedagogical space
Girioux 2012 (Henry, Henry A. Giroux | The War Against Teachers as Public Intellectuals in Dark Times, Monday, 17 December 2012 08:22. By Henry A. Giroux, Truthout | Op-Ed http://truth-out.org/opinion/item/13367-the-corporate-war-against-teachers-as-public-intellectuals-in-dark-times.
Right-wing fundamentalists...all forms of knowledge.

The affirmative’s performance of Topsy as political strategy certainly opens a space, unfortunately it’s just one that lies and waits for the radical right to fill in and redeploy.
Townes 2006 (Emilie M. Townes, Dean of Vanderbilt Divinity School.  Womanist Ethics and the Cultural Production of Evil.  Page 140)
This description of...public imagination.

The strategy of Topsy is irresponsible at the very least.  While Topsy may well be a spy figure playing in the Master’s house, strategizing for some indefinite future to come while sailing under the flag of convenience, it marks a retreat to the private.  This undermines the few remaining spaces of knowledge production and critical exchange vital to check authoritarianism.
Girioux 2013 (Henry A. Giroux | The Violence of Organized Forgetting.  http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/17647-the-violence-of-organized-forgetting)

America has become...authoritarian mindset.

We are the marking of the violence of whiteness, making it visible to those that benefit from it. Causing a self critical self re-evaluation that is the key step to breaking down the hegemonic hold Whiteness has on America – we are the mirror on the wall
Yancy 12 (George, Professor of Philosophy at Duquesne University and Coordinator of the Critical Race Theory Speaker Series, 2012, “Look, a White! Philosphical Essays on Whiteness”, p. 10-14, Date Accessed: May 2, 13) IB 

Ahmed, hooks, and...look, a white!"  

This very space of the college classroom always already remains governed by the apparatus of Whiteness.  Yet, it remains as such only by way of its elusiveness.  The micropolitical stage of the college classroom, the debate space itself, offers a unique location in which transforming pedagogical practices can not only occur, but also spill over and challenge the hegemony of Whiteness throughout society.
Our alternative asks you to look at your own pedagogical practices as an adjudicator situated in this very unique location of the debate space.  Rather than reaffirm the questioning gaze of whiteness we return the gaze and ask you turn the focus inward, tarry with the complexities of race and the judge space assigned, and transform pedagogy itself by recognizing and marking the seemingly elusive practices of whiteness revealed, even if only in artifice.

Charbeneau 2009 (Jessica M. Charbeneau, ENACTMENTS OF WHITENESS IN PEDAGOGICAL PRACTICE: REPRODUCING AND TRANSFORMING WHITE HEGEMONY IN THE UNIVERSITY CLASSROOM. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Sociology) in The University of Michigan)

Pedagogical practice...of white faculty.

Tournament: USC | Round: 3 | Opponent: Towson JR | Judge: Christopher Vincent
there is enough treachery, hatred violence absurdity in the average
human being to supply any given army on any given day

and the best at murder are those who preach against it
and the best at hate are those who preach love
and the best at war finally are those who preach peace

those who preach god, need god
those who preach peace do not have peace
those who preach peace do not have love

beware the preachers
beware the knowers
beware those who are always reading books
beware those who either detest poverty
or are proud of it
beware those quick to praise
for they need praise in return
beware those who are quick to censor
they are afraid of what they do not know
beware those who seek constant crowds for
they are nothing alone
beware the average man the average woman
beware their love, their love is average
seeks average

but there is genius in their hatred
there is enough genius in their hatred to kill you
to kill anybody
not wanting solitude
not understanding solitude
they will attempt to destroy anything
that differs from their own
not being able to create art
they will not understand art
they will consider their failure as creators
only as a failure of the world
not being able to love fully
they will believe your love incomplete
and then they will hate you
and their hatred will be perfect

like a shining diamond
like a knife
like a mountain
like a tiger
like hemlock

their finest art 

The 1nc confronted the affirmative with their double: the ugly underside to the pretty appearance of their politics! Of course they didn’t recognize themselves when they looked into the mirror of the 1nc: “How could this be me?” – Don’t worry, you are not alone. Freud also experienced this jarring effect –
zupancic 2003 Alenka, The Shortest Shadow: Nietzsche’s Philosophy of the Two, pp. 14-15
The Nietzschean...the “Thing”: 

we never actually come to terms with the worlds and beings we supposedly act upon and attempt to ameliorate the suffering of . . . – we end up reproducing a dead politics – like insects pinned to canvas – we have no new direction with no new modes of politics - we must shatter the bounds and coordinates of debate!
zupancic 2003 Alenka, The Shortest Shadow: Nietzsche’s Philosophy of the Two, pp. 1

One analogy...of an event

Tournament: Binghamton | Round: 6 | Opponent: Rochester AW | Judge: John Clarke
*we usually put this on case, but here's the original argument*

The conditions of Guantanamo are nothing more than an expression of the conditions of the larger American prison system. We must refuse to see treatment of prisoners held in Guantanamo as abuses in order to expose the violence of the modern democracy.
Whitmer 6 Benjamin Whitmer, professor of Ethnic Studies at The University of Colorado-Boulder, “‘Torture Chambers and Rape Rooms’ What Abu Ghraib Can Tell Us About the American Carceral System,” CR: The New Centennial Review 6.1, project musecd

In 1975, French prison...than the differences.

The conditions of domestic prisons are considered a given in American culture, becoming a “dropping the soap” joke rather than a point of horror while the aff’s depictions of secret prisons reinforce the idea that this brutality only happens somewhere else, which creates the silence surrounding domestic prisons – This denial comes from the prison being more than a representation of American society, it is the root of it, expressing and reinforcing American imperialism, racism, and classism
Whitmer 6 Benjamin Whitmer, professor of Ethnic Studies at The University of Colorado-Boulder, “‘Torture Chambers and Rape Rooms’ What Abu Ghraib Can Tell Us About the American Carceral System,” CR: The New Centennial Review 6.1, project musecd

and#34;No Where to Runand#34;...prove the rule.

Tournament: Wake | Round: 6 | Opponent: Western Conneticut AE | Judge: Erika Jensen
Professor Gerrie Snyman Explains… 

It is clear that in...the other!44¶ 

Not simply turns in response, but rather returns the very gaze of the black body, that which is reflected my eyes….  This is a gift of death to a system that is unable to see itself…

Snyman 2013 (Gerrie, University of South Africa.  “The interpellation of whiteness. Some thoughts by a colonial remnant reading the biblical text.”  Session 10: Theorising Whiteness 3rd Global Conference - Monday 22nd July – Wednesday 24th July 2013)

Whiteness needs blackness...view of the past.

Tournament: USC | Round: 5 | Opponent: Louisville BL | Judge: Rob Glass
nothing new, same cards- this is the only difference

Were you listening to the spitter
From verse 1
Well I’m the second spitter
Call me the cursed one
understood a lot
But understand none
So I guess I’m at the bottom
Until my plans done
That’s when I’m killing em all
Trekking a mountain
I’m dystinned to fall
But what really makes this mountain
When the enemy calling the calls
Opps I said enemy
I meant the inner me
We all have eyes but are we really
Who we think we see?
I see a young king
You see a black gangster
I see me running the world
You see me shooting the place up
I see me leading the team
You see me on the cut
success is writ in expo marker
put that dry erase up
Cuz I’ve been beaming since
Scotty shot me down
He said this world is yours
But you gotta take the crown
He said
The journeys hard
Many will befit you
Then there are those who’ll try to stop you
never give em reason to

Tournament: Fullerton | Round: 4 | Opponent: Binghamton CH | Judge: Tom Boroujeni
Text: We imagine ourselves as the super villain of the future 

The affirmatives imaginative matrix attempts to lock the superheroic afro-monstrosity human within the shared space, a zone of inhabitability, which retreats into the safe and familiar anthropocentric community.  Such a combination itself is a colonizing gesture of pedagogical intervention for the sake of ontological hygiene – turning case and showing through the viral racism at the heart of the affirmative.

Lewis and Kahn 2010 (Tyson E. Lewis and Richard Kahn, Education out of Bounds: REIMAGINING CULTURAL STUDIES FOR A POSTHUMAN AGE, Edited by Henry A. Giroux.  2010)

The anthropocentric and superstitious...uninhabitability” (ibid.).

The impact is Viral Racism
Baudrillard 2006 (The Melodrama of Difference (Or, The Revenge of the Colonized), International Journal of Baudrillard Studies, http://www.ubishops.ca/baudrillardstudies/vol3_1/baudrillard2.htm)

Over recent centuries...irreducible forms is no bad thing.

Tournament: Binghamton | Round: 2 | Opponent: Bard DT | Judge: Erika Jensen
The affirmative ignores the socio-political occasion governed by amilitary metaphysics of violence.  We are in the midst of a neoliberal revolution converging with violence to place all life under the universalizing sign of the permanent war zone. The 1AC is willfully forgetting the task of the intellectual to render violence visible rather than (re)organize the ongoing production of violence. The Alternative is to renounce the affirmative as an affirmation of the black counter gaze. 

This debate is a question of competing trajectories of intellectual inquiry –you should ask yourself is the benefit of endorsing a mode of scholarship that focuses exclusively on the technocratic administration of war.
Giroux 2013 (Henry A. Giroux, Professor at McMaster University in the English and Cultural Studies Department and a Distinguished Visiting Professorship at Ryerson University. The Violence of Organized Forgetting, Truthout | Op-Ed.  Monday, 22 July 2013 00:00, http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/17647-the-violence-of-organized-forgetting)

I want to argue that …side of domination.

And this debate over war powers skirts over the war at home - white supremacy fuels white nation building that always focuses on the subjugation of the black body
Rodriguez 10 (Dylan Rodriguez, University of California, Riverside, “The Terms of Engagement: Warfare, White Locality, and Abolition” Critical Sociology, Crit Sociol January 2010 vol. 36 no. 1 151-173)

The state’ is …all rhetorical counts. 

We are the marking of the violence of whiteness, making it visible to those that benefit from it. Causing a self critical self re-evaluation that is the key step to breaking down the hegemonic hold Whiteness has on America – we are the mirror on the wall
Yancy 12 (George, Professor of Philosophy at Duquesne University and Coordinator of the Critical Race Theory Speaker Series, 2012, “Look, a White! Philosphical Essays on Whiteness”, p. 10-14, Date Accessed: May 2, 13) IB 

Ahmed, hooks, and …look, a white!and#34;¶ 

Not your movement Speaking from a position of white subjectivity is still embedded within white power and privilege
Yancy 12 (George, Professor of Philosophy at Duquesne University and Coordinator of the Critical Race Theory Speaker Series, 2012, “Look, a White! Philosphical Essays on Whiteness”, p. 8, Date Accessed: Apr 30, 13) IB

Tournament: USC | Round: 2 | Opponent: Cal Berkley EM | Judge: Tom Gliniecki
Yancy, 12/4/2013 George, Department of Philosophy, McAnulty College and Graduate School of Liberal Arts, “Educational Philosophy and Theory (2013): Tarrying Together, Educational Phiiosophy and Theory” httn://dx,d01.0r2/10.1080/001318571011861197, Pg 1–2 Accessed 12/24/2013 DMW

As I read through
and psychical existence.

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 5 | Opponent: New York DD | Judge: Anthony Rowles
No- you don’t solve our movement- in fact you make it worse, the same claims you make are the same kind that has led to silencing of our voices, and violence against black men throughout history
Reed, 2013 Ishmael, latest book is “Going Too Far.” He is the publisher of Konch  Of Black Men and White Middle-Class Feminists http://www.counterpunch.org/2013/01/04/of-black-men-and-white-middle-class-feminists/ Accessed 10/24/2013 DMW

During an..and Mike Tyson?

Winning that policy is bad won’t change Whiteness – Critique and recognition of White Privilege is key to spillover to a broader base
McIntosh 88 (Peggy, associate director @ Wellesley Collage Center for Research on Women, 1988, “White Privilege and Male Privilege: A Personal Account of Coming To See Correspondences through Work in Women's Studies”, http://www.amptoons.com/blog/files/mcintosh.html, Date Accessed: Jan 25, 12 4:48PM) IB 

One factor...broader base. 

Speaking from a position of white subjectivity is still embedded within white power and privilege
Yancy 12 (George, Professor of Philosophy at Duquesne University and Coordinator of the Critical Race Theory Speaker Series, 2012, “Look, a White! Philosphical Essays on Whiteness”, p. 8, Date Accessed: Apr 30, 13) IB 

According to...the ramifications.

Perms not possible the affirmative can’t dictate when they want to not engage in whiteness
Bernasconi 5 (Robert, Professor University of Memphis, “White on White/ Black on Black” p. 22, Date Accessed 22, 13) IB

Not all whites...nonwhite location."5’

Attempts by white authors to speak from nowhere are a veiled form of whiteness. Also, the Black body has to be the starting point for interpreting race and critiquing Whiteness
Yancy 5
(George, Professor of Philosophy at Duquesne University, “Whiteness and the Return of the Black Body”, The Journal of Speculative Philosophy, New Series, Volume 19, Number 4, 2005, pp. 215-241, LKM)

I write out...(Snead 1994, 4).

Our use of speech act changes the method of philosophical engagement regarding race to open up the space for a more lived experience
Yancy 12 (George, Professor of Philosophy at Duquesne University and Coordinator of the Critical Race Theory Speaker Series, 2012, “Look, a White! Philosphical Essays on Whiteness”, p. 10-14, Date Accessed: May 20, 13) IB 

To communicate...favor of others

Tournament: James Madison | Round: 2 | Opponent: Wake CS | Judge: AJ Warne
debate over war powers skirts over the war at home - white supremacy fuels white nation building that always focuses on the subjugation of the black body
Rodriguez 10 (Dylan Rodriguez, University of California, Riverside, “The Terms of Engagement: Warfare, White Locality, and Abolition” Critical Sociology, Crit Sociol January 2010 vol. 36 no. 1 151-173)

The state’ is...all rhetorical counts. 

The conditions of Guantanamo are nothing more than an expression of the conditions of the larger American prison system. We must refuse to see treatment of prisoners held in Guantanamo as abuses in order to expose the violence of the modern democracy.
Whitmer 6 Benjamin Whitmer, professor of Ethnic Studies at The University of Colorado-Boulder, “‘Torture Chambers and Rape Rooms’ What Abu Ghraib Can Tell Us About the American Carceral System,” CR: The New Centennial Review 6.1, project musecd

In 1975, French prison...than the differences.

The Alternative is to renounce the affirmative as an affirmation of the black counter gaze.

We are the marking of the violence of whiteness, making it visible to those that benefit from it. Causing a self critical self re-evaluation that is the key step to breaking down the hegemonic hold Whiteness has on America – we are the mirror on the wall
Yancy 12 (George, Professor of Philosophy at Duquesne University and Coordinator of the Critical Race Theory Speaker Series, 2012, “Look, a White! Philosphical Essays on Whiteness”, p. 10-14, Date Accessed: May 2, 13) IB 

Ahmed, hooks, and...look, a white!"¶

Tournament: West Point | Round: 4 | Opponent: West Virginia BO | Judge: David Merkle
Do you know what it’s like to always have to look behind your back
Ducking traps
Seeing if He’s reaching for the
Strap?
Will he bust it back,
And send a blaze of bullets at your back?
See these are the realities
of walking the streets
when you’re black.
And I’m not talking about
The bangger that holds the gun
Because I probably know him
I’m talking about the banger that makes me run
For shits and fun
Chasing me down they say I run
These stories and many more
Are told on the side of the tracks where I’m from
But many never see the tracks
That I’ve come
To understand
As the difference between war and freedom
But what the fuck is freedom
In Chiraq

We are the marking of the violence of whiteness, making it visible to those that benefit from it. Causing a self critical self re-evaluation that is the key step to breaking down the hegemonic hold Whiteness has on America – we are the mirror on the wall
Yancy 12 (George, Professor of Philosophy at Duquesne University and Coordinator of the Critical Race Theory Speaker Series, 2012, “Look, a White! Philosphical Essays on Whiteness”, p. 10-14, Date Accessed: May 2, 13) IB 

Ahmed, hooks, and Du Bois
look, a white!"¶ 

Looking past the past I pass enemies
Thoughts faded conflated
But they aint hearing these
Cries of the adolescents
No they aint hearing these
Lost souls proclaiming to kill their
ENEMIES
But whose’s the enemy?
When me can look like he?
And he can look like her?
Pow Pow
That’s just another child
That’s in the dirt
I’m hearing mother’s crying
HELP
Her babies dying
Killed by another minion
Filled with hot steel and iron
But still the young ones dying
BUT WHAT DO YOU DO
Besides pushing us aside when we came through
But we aint came through
The pain it maims you
And we just bob our heads as you slip it through
The same noose,
Those nooses of opposition
Those nooses of hurt and pain
Those same nooses where our lives end and shall remain
But I’ll be damned if I’m to give up the fight
It’s time to lead the lifeless people back to the light
Through the night
We shall fight for lives man
And if our plan fails
We’ll just pursue it again

Speaking from a position of white subjectivity is still embedded within white power and privilege
Yancy 12 (George, Professor of Philosophy at Duquesne University and Coordinator of the Critical Race Theory Speaker Series, 2012, “Look, a White! Philosphical Essays on Whiteness”, p. 8, Date Accessed: Apr 30, 13) IB 

According to bell hooks,
the ramifications.

The 1AC obscures colonial violence inherent in the ongoing war on terror and Indigenous populations.  This performative gesture simultaneously promotes an active forgetting and repetition of supremacy that sets the stage for perpetual warfare, and biopolitical racism. Our response is to interrogate the failures of the 1ac.
Pugliese 13 (Joseph, Associate Professor of Cultural Studies at Macquarie University, Sydney.  State violence and the Execution of Law: Biopolitical Caesurae of torture, black sites, drones. “Genocidal caesurae and the militarization of Native American country” Pages 46-55)

The articulation of
its economies of war.

Winning that policy is bad won’t change Whiteness – Critique and recognition of White Privilege is key to spillover to a broader base
McIntosh 88 (Peggy, associate director @ Wellesley Collage Center for Research on Women, 1988, “White Privilege and Male Privilege: A Personal Account of Coming To See Correspondences through Work in Women's Studies”, http://www.amptoons.com/blog/files/mcintosh.html, Date Accessed: Jan 25, 12 4:48PM) IB 

One factor seems
on a broader base.

*Rap #3*

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 5 | Opponent: New York DD | Judge: Anthony Rowles
The 1AC buys into a larger networked revolution of neoliberal power reconfiguration and presents us with a test site of humanity.  Not in what the 1AC reveals about the reversibility of terrorism… or, operational inefficiency…  or hell, even practical illegality of the strikes themselves… but rather in the emergence of blind spots that naturally follow it’s an all-accommodating discursive swoop of co-mission and commiseration with those we believe to have removed themselves from the human community.
This receipt of failure shall serve as documentation of an event in which the interlocking mechanics of exploitation and oppression gain permanency.

Hayes 2013 (Heather Ashley Hayes, Asst Prof of Rhetoric, Whitman College.  “Violent Subjects: A Rhetorical Cartography of Bodies, Spaces, and Technologies in the Global War on Terror.”  A Dissertation SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Heather Ashley Hayes IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Ronald Walter Greene, Adviser, April 2013)
Another line...modes of governance.

The 1AC obscures colonial violence inherent in the ongoing war on terror and Indigenous populations.  This performative gesture simultaneously promotes an active forgetting and repetition of supremacy that sets the stage for perpetual warfare, and biopolitical racism. Our response is to interrogate the failures of the 1ac.
Pugliese 13 (Joseph, Associate Professor of Cultural Studies at Macquarie University, Sydney.  State violence and the Execution of Law: Biopolitical Caesurae of torture, black sites, drones. “Genocidal caesurae and the militarization of Native American country” Pages 46-55)

The articulation...economies of war.

Tournament: James Madison | Round: 6 | Opponent: UMW OS | Judge: Lincolin Garrett
The threat of being under constant surveillance runs rampant in the Black community causing a fear of inclusion with the rest of the world their social reality then becomes that of being watched and controlled
Yancy 12 (George, Professor of Philosophy at Duquesne University and Coordinator of the Critical Race Theory Speaker Series, 2012, “Look, a White! Philosphical Essays on Whiteness”, p. 49, Date Accessed: May 20, 13) IB 

The desire to...incapable of return.

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 1 | Opponent: Cal Berkeley MS | Judge: Martin Osborn
Framework is a new link- A procedural method of policymaking debate creates an ‘ideal speech’ which excludes other forms of discourse which makes oppression inevitable
Kulynych, 97 (Jessica, Winthrop U Prof of Polysci, “Performing Politics: Foucault, Habermas, and Postmodern Participation, Polity, Vol. 30, No. 2 (Winter, 1997), 315-346, accessed Jstor)

Certainly, one...and others not.

The conditions of domestic prisons are considered a given in American culture, becoming a “dropping the soap” joke rather than a point of horror while the aff’s depictions of secret prisons reinforce the idea that this brutality only happens somewhere else, which creates the silence surrounding domestic prisons – This denial comes from the prison being more than a representation of American society, it is the root of it, expressing and reinforcing American imperialism, racism, and classism
Whitmer 6 Benjamin Whitmer, professor of Ethnic Studies at The University of Colorado-Boulder, “‘Torture Chambers and Rape Rooms’ What Abu Ghraib Can Tell Us About the American Carceral System,” CR: The New Centennial Review 6.1, project musecd

"No Where to Run" By...that prove the rule

Expertism isn’t objective- It’s incorporated within dominant ways of knowing that crowd out alternative explanations
Scrase and Ockwell 10 J. Ivan - Sussex Energy Group, SPRU (Science and Technology Policy Research), Freeman Centre, University of Sussex, David G - Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, SPRU, Freeman Centre, University of Sussex, “The role of discourse and linguistic framing effects in sustaining high carbon energy policy—An accessible introduction,” Energy Policy: Volume 38, Issue 5, May 2010, Pages 2225–2233

All too often, however...specialist communities

The American imperialist project is rooted in anti-blackness – The concepts of war, expansionism, and interventionism are underwritten by domestic militarism of police violence and black subjugation through the “Justice” system
Sexton 07 Jared Sexton, "Racial Profiling and the Societies of Control," Warfare in the American Homeland: Policing and Prison in a Penal Democracy,  Duke University Press, Durham and London, 2007, pg 197-202cd

I am not suggesting...the threat of terrorism.

The status quo is a characterization of an invisible racial contract that’s the root cause of otherizing genocidal politics - Disposability becomes written onto black bodies and spaces in order to maintain the purity of white spaces.   
Mills 2k
Charles W. Mills, “Black Trash” 2001¶ 

For a state founded...white body politic.¶ 

Winning that some policy is bad won’t change Whiteness – Critique and recognition of White Privilege is key to spillover to a broader base
McIntosh 88 (Peggy, associate director @ Wellesley Collage Center for Research on Women, 1988, “White Privilege and Male Privilege: A Personal Account of Coming To See Correspondences through Work in Women's Studies”, http://www.amptoons.com/blog/files/mcintosh.html, Date Accessed: Jan 25, 12 4:48PM) IB 

One factor seems...on a broader base. 

Can’t do both: Speaking from a position of white subjectivity is still embedded within white power and privilege
Yancy 12 (George, Professor of Philosophy at Duquesne University and Coordinator of the Critical Race Theory Speaker Series, 2012, “Look, a White! Philosphical Essays on Whiteness”, p. 8, Date Accessed: Apr 30, 13) IB 

According to bell hooks...to¶ the ramifications.

Tournament: Clarion | Round: 5 | Opponent: Wayne State NW | Judge: Samantha Godbey
Do you know what it’s like to always have to look behind your back
Ducking traps
Seeing if He’s reaching for the
Strap?
Will he bust it back,
And send a blaze of bullets at your back?
See these are the realities
of walking the streets
when you’re black.
And I’m not talking about
The bangger that holds the gun
Because I probably know him
I’m talking about the banger that makes me run
For shits and fun
Chasing me down they say I run
These stories and many more
Are told on the side of the tracks where I’m from
But many never see the tracks
That I’ve come
To understand
As the difference between war and freedom
But what the fuck is freedom
In Chiraq

debate over war powers skirts over the war at home - white supremacy fuels white nation building that always focuses on the subjugation of the black body
Rodriguez 10 (Dylan Rodriguez, University of California, Riverside, “The Terms of Engagement: Warfare, White Locality, and Abolition” Critical Sociology, Crit Sociol January 2010 vol. 36 no. 1 151-173)

The state...rhetorical counts. 

Community actions lead to the exclusion of LGBQ indiviuals of color
Roy,2012 Olivier, University of Montreal, Department of Sociology, The colour of gayness: Representations of queers of colour in Que ?bec’s gay media The colour of gayness: Representations of queers of colour in Que?bec's gay media http://sex.sagepub.com/content/15/2/175 pg. 182-84 Accessed 9/10/2013 DMW

Interestingly, some...of the South.

Their symbolic use of indefinite detention is nothing more than an expression of the conditions of the larger American prison system. We must refuse to see treatment of prisoners as abuses in order to expose the violence of the modern democracy.
Whitmer 6 Benjamin Whitmer, professor of Ethnic Studies at The University of Colorado-Boulder, “‘Torture Chambers and Rape Rooms’ What Abu Ghraib Can Tell Us About the American Carceral System,” CR: The New Centennial Review 6.1, project musecd

In 1975, French prison...the differences.

Our use of Hip Hop changes the method of philosophical engagement regarding race to open up the space for a more lived experience
Yancy 12 (George, Professor of Philosophy at Duquesne University and Coordinator of the Critical Race Theory Speaker Series, 2012, “Look, a White! Philosphical Essays on Whiteness”, p. 10-14, Date Accessed: May 20, 13) IB 

To communicate...in favor of others. 

The Alternative is to renounce the affirmative as an affirmation of the black counter gaze.

We are the marking of the violence of whiteness, making it visible to those that benefit from it. Causing a self critical self re-evaluation that is the key step to breaking down the hegemonic hold Whiteness has on America – we are the mirror on the wall
Yancy 12 (George, Professor of Philosophy at Duquesne University and Coordinator of the Critical Race Theory Speaker Series, 2012, “Look, a White! Philosphical Essays on Whiteness”, p. 10-14, Date Accessed: May 2, 13) IB 

Ahmed, hooks, and Du Boi...look, a white!"¶

Tournament: Clarion | Round: 5 | Opponent: Wayne State NW | Judge: Samantha Godbey
Hip hop gives black youth a global voice. Any discussion of black youth must include it
Kitwana ‘2 Bakari Kitwana,  Executive editor of the source, the editorial director at third world press and a music reviwer for NPRs All things considered, “The Hip Hop Generation”, 2002, Pg 10-11 

Whereas previously...out plight

Their appeal to stability through solving their impacts are the same justifications empirically used to justify oppressive white structures
Olson 4 Joel Olson, associate professor of political theory at Northern Arizona University in Flagstaff and a social justice activist, The Abolition of White Democracy, University of Minnesota Press, pg. 68-69cd

As Anthony...white supremacy.7

The status quo is a characterization of an invisible racial contract that’s the root cause of otherizing genocidal politics - Disposability becomes written onto black bodies and spaces in order to maintain the purity of white spaces.   
Mills 2k
Charles W. Mills, “Black Trash” 2001¶ 

For a state...body politic.¶ 

Attempts by white authors to speak from nowhere are a veiled form of whiteness. Also, the Black body has to be the starting point for interpreting race and critiquing Whiteness
Yancy 5
(George, Professor of Philosophy at Duquesne University, “Whiteness and the Return of the Black Body”, The Journal of Speculative Philosophy, New Series, Volume 19, Number 4, 2005, pp. 215-241, LKM)

I write out...value. (Snead 1994, 4).

Can’t do both: Speaking from a position of white subjectivity is still embedded within white power and privilege
Yancy 12 (George, Professor of Philosophy at Duquesne University and Coordinator of the Critical Race Theory Speaker Series, 2012, “Look, a White! Philosphical Essays on Whiteness”, p. 8, Date Accessed: Apr 30, 13) IB 

According to bell hooks...ramifications.

Perms not possible the affirmative can’t dictate when they want to not engage in whiteness
Bernasconi 5 (Robert, Professor University of Memphis, “White on White/ Black on Black” p. 22, Date Accessed 22, 13) IB

Not all whites...nonwhite location."5’

Tournament: Clarion | Round: 5 | Opponent: Wayne State NW | Judge: Samantha Godbey
Leads to otherization and exclusion of queer bodies of color
Roy,2012 Olivier, University of Montreal, Department of Sociology, The colour of gayness: Representations of queers of colour in Que ?bec’s gay media The colour of gayness: Representations of queers of colour in Que?bec's gay media http://sex.sagepub.com/content/15/2/175 pg. 177 Accessed 9/10/2013 DMW

Such stereotypical...of a person.

Quare and Queer studies cannot effectively challenge the underpinnings of racism
Moore 2011 Darnell L. 2010 Visiting Scholar in the Center for the Study of Gender and Sexuality at New York University and is active in the queer of color organizing community in Newark, NJ. This paper was presented at the Feminism for the Planet: 5th Annual Rutgers Newark Women’s Studies Symposium  An Interrogation of the Black Presence in the¶ Queer Project Trans-Scripts 1 (2011) Pg.154-71 Accessed 9/12/2013 DMW

I personally experience...already raciated?

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 1 | Opponent: Cal Berkeley MS | Judge: Martin Osborn
Courts are justifying the increased death and otherization of individuals in domestic prisons- the aff’s use of the court to change detention will recreate their impacts because they ignore the court’s previous abuse
Gordon 2006 Avery F. professor in sociology at the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the author, most recently, of Keeping Good Time: reflections on knowledge, power, and people Abu Ghraib: imprisonment and the war on terror http://rac.sagepub.com/content/48/1/42  pg.50-51 Accessed 10/1/2013 DMW

In the US, there...their jurisdiction.

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 7 | Opponent: Army LS | Judge: Joe Leeson Schatz
U/L – Extra-Judicial secrecy and circumvention guarantee plan failure
Shaw 2013 (Ian G. R. Shaw, Phd Lecturer in Human Geography (School of Geographical and Earth Sciences), University of Glasgow.  Predator Empire: The Geopolitics of US Drone Warfare, Geopolitics, DOI:10.1080/14650045.2012, 2013)
The CIA’s drone...the courts”27

Non UQ-Our use of the debate space changes the method of philosophical engagement regarding race to open up the space for a more lived experience within politics
Yancy 12 (George, Professor of Philosophy at Duquesne University and Coordinator of the Critical Race Theory Speaker Series, 2012, “Look, a White! Philosphical Essays on Whiteness”, p. 10-14, Date Accessed: May 20, 13) IB 

To communicate...favor of others. 

Systemic change is the only hope for reform.  Pragmatism invests resources in failed strategies of single-issue politics that leaves oppression intact.
Reinsborough, 03 (Organizer, Rainforest Action Network and Wake Up America Campaign) 03 (Journal of Aesthetics and Protest, August 2003, Volume 1, Issue 2, Patrick). 

The worst...of vision. 

Their appeal to stability through solving their impacts are the same justifications empirically used to justify oppressive white structures
Olson 4 Joel Olson, associate professor of political theory at Northern Arizona University in Flagstaff and a social justice activist, The Abolition of White Democracy, University of Minnesota Press, pg. 68-69cd

As Anthony...white supremacy.7

Attempts by white authors to speak from nowhere are a veiled form of whiteness. Also, the Black body has to be the starting point for interpreting race and critiquing Whiteness
Yancy 5
(George, Professor of Philosophy at Duquesne University, “Whiteness and the Return of the Black Body”, The Journal of Speculative Philosophy, New Series, Volume 19, Number 4, 2005, pp. 215-241, LKM)

I write out...value. (Snead 1994, 4).

Their perm fails and is opportunistic in nature their attempts to engage us without FIRST challenging their own racist practices perpetuates their overt racism even if they can engage the discussion of race with the perm they still fail to challenge their own whiteness there is no subject that can transcend the cultural production of ideas.
Yancy 12 (George, Professor of Philosophy at Duquesne University and Coordinator of the Critical Race Theory Speaker Series, 2012, “Look, a White! Philosphical Essays on Whiteness”, p. 26-27, Date Accessed: May 20, 13) IB 

I know whites...Western philosophy.

Perms not possible the affirmative can’t dictate when they want to not engage in whiteness
Bernasconi 5 (Robert, Professor University of Memphis, “White on White/ Black on Black” p. 22, Date Accessed 22, 13) IB

Not all whites...location."5’

Tournament: Wake | Round: 3 | Opponent: Georgia DG | Judge: Martin Osborn
Intellectual change is a pre-requisite to discussing specific policies and methods necessary to challenge climate change.
Hulme 7 Mike, School of Environmental Sciences, UEA, “Geographical work at the boundaries of climate change” Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers Volume 33, Issue 1, pages 5–11, January 2008

So why do we...yield novelty.

Apocalyptic rhetoric pertaining to climate change undermines solutions
Foust and Murphy 9 Christina R. Foust is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Human Communication Studies at the University of Denver. William O’Shannon Murphy is a doctoral student in the Department of Human Communication Studies at the University of Denver. Revealing and Reframing Apocalyptic Tragedy in Global Warming Discourse, Environmental Communication: A Journal of Nature and Culture, 3:2, 151-167 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17524030902916624

Interrogating the...to curb global warming.

Tournament: Wake | Round: 3 | Opponent: Georgia DG | Judge: Martin Osborn
The representation of resource wars as a result of global warming is rooted in a Eurocentric fear of poor, dark-skinned bodies – this results in the militarization of climate and justifies violence and intervention.
Hartman 10 Betsy, CLPP Hampshire College, “RETHINKING CLIMATE REFUGEES AND CLIMATE CONFLICT: RHETORIC, REALITY AND THE POLITICS OF POLICY DISCOURSE” J. Int. Dev. 22, 233–246

WHOSE FUTURE? THE...development aid.

The status quo is a characterization of an invisible racial contract that’s the root cause of otherizing genocidal politics - Disposability becomes written onto black bodies and spaces where resource disparities exist in order to maintain the purity of white spaces.   
Mills 2k
Charles W. Mills, “Black Trash” 2001¶ 

For a state founded...white body politic.¶

Tournament: Wake | Round: 8 | Opponent: Wayne State JS | Judge: Eric Short
The use of the political to answer the call of ethics causes the political to make itself indispensable in a never ending cycle of control—legal institutions co-opt social activism and shift unique individuals to the position of generic citizens, eliminating genuine relationships.
Hershock 99 (Peter D., Project Fellow @ EastWest Center, Ph.D. in Philosophy from the University of Hawaii, "Changing the Way Society Changes: Transposing Social Activism into a Dramatic Key", Journal of Buddhist Ethics 6, p 158-150, Date Accessed: Jan 29,13, 1:02AM) IB

I have argued at some...so is its future.

The conditions of domestic prisons are considered a given in American culture, becoming a “dropping the soap” joke rather than a point of horror while the aff’s depictions of secret prisons reinforce the idea that this brutality only happens somewhere else, which creates the silence surrounding domestic prisons – This denial comes from the prison being more than a representation of American society, it is the root of it, expressing and reinforcing American imperialism, racism, and classism
Whitmer 6 Benjamin Whitmer, professor of Ethnic Studies at The University of Colorado-Boulder, “‘Torture Chambers and Rape Rooms’ What Abu Ghraib Can Tell Us About the American Carceral System,” CR: The New Centennial Review 6.1, project musecd

"No Where to Run" By...prove the rule.

And this debate over war powers skirts over the war at home - white supremacy fuels white nation building that always focuses on the subjugation of the black body
Rodriguez 10 (Dylan Rodriguez, University of California, Riverside, “The Terms of Engagement: Warfare, White Locality, and Abolition” Critical Sociology, Crit Sociol January 2010 vol. 36 no. 1 151-173)

The state’ is...rhetorical counts. 

The Alternative is to renounce the affirmative as an affirmation of the black counter gaze.

Professor Gerrie Snyman Explains
Snyman 2013 (Gerrie, University of South Africa.  “The interpellation of whiteness. Some thoughts by a colonial remnant reading the biblical text.”  Session 10: Theorising Whiteness 3rd Global Conference - Monday 22nd July – Wednesday 24th July 2013)

It is clear that in...the other!44

We are the marking of the violence of whiteness, making it visible to those that benefit from it. Causing a self critical self re-evaluation that is the key step to breaking down the hegemonic hold Whiteness has on America – we are the mirror on the wall
Yancy 12 (George, Professor of Philosophy at Duquesne University and Coordinator of the Critical Race Theory Speaker Series, 2012, “Look, a White! Philosphical Essays on Whiteness”, p. 10-14, Date Accessed: May 2, 13) IB 

Ahmed, hooks...look, a white!"¶

Tournament: West Point | Round: 1 | Opponent: Liberty AB | Judge: Joe Keeton
It’s always the well-meaning liberals…
Despite the affirmative’s manufactured appeal of dissent and criticism in the face of an ever-expanding drone war machine, it’s procedural primacy and investigatory origins give up the ghost in order to conceal of the specter.
The 1AC buys into a larger networked revolution of neoliberal power reconfiguration and presents us with a test site of humanity.  Not in what the 1AC reveals about the reversibility of terrorism… or, operational inefficiency…  or hell, even practical illegality of the strikes themselves… but rather in the emergence of blind spots that naturally follow it’s an all-accommodating discursive swoop of co-mission and commiseration with those we believe to have removed themselves from the human community.
This receipt of failure shall serve as documentation of an event in which the interlocking mechanics of exploitation and oppression gain permanency.

Hayes 2013 (Heather Ashley Hayes, Asst Prof of Rhetoric, Whitman College.  “Violent Subjects: A Rhetorical Cartography of Bodies, Spaces, and Technologies in the Global War on Terror.”  A Dissertation SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Heather Ashley Hayes IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Ronald Walter Greene, Adviser, April 2013)

Another line...of governance.

The 1AC obscures colonial violence inherent in the ongoing war on terror and Indigenous populations.  This performative gesture simultaneously promotes an active forgetting and repetition of supremacy that sets the stage for perpetual warfare, and biopolitical racism. Our response is to interrogate the failures of the 1ac.
Pugliese 13 (Joseph, Associate Professor of Cultural Studies at Macquarie University, Sydney.  State violence and the Execution of Law: Biopolitical Caesurae of torture, black sites, drones. “Genocidal caesurae and the militarization of Native American country” Pages 46-55)

The articulation...economies of war.

The affirmative ignores the socio-political occasion governed by military metaphysics of violence, willfully forgetting the task of the intellectual to render violence visible rather than (re)organize the ongoing production of violence. 

This debate is a question of competing trajectories of intellectual inquiry –you should ask yourself is the benefit of endorsing a mode of scholarship that focuses exclusively on the technocratic administration of war.
Giroux 2013 (Henry A. Giroux, Professor at McMaster University in the English and Cultural Studies Department and a Distinguished Visiting Professorship at Ryerson University. The Violence of Organized Forgetting, Truthout | Op-Ed.  Monday, 22 July 2013 00:00, http://www.truth-out.org/opinion/item/17647-the-violence-of-organized-forgetting)

I want to argue that the...side of domination.

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 3 | Opponent: Georgetown BK | Judge: Chris Vincent
I know warfare…
Walking the bullet riddled streets of south side Chicago where I grew up I can tell you
Indeed know warfare…
You see they try to separate us with these train tracks that divide this city
Hispanics on the West side – They take the Green Line
Blacks on the South Side – We take the red
Whites on the North Side – They take the blue
Asians, Indians, Natives etc., you name the race there’s a track for you
A place where you belong where privilege dictates livelihood  
So I ask…

Do you know what it’s like to always have to look behind your back
Ducking traps
Seeing if He’s reaching for the
Strap?
Will he bust it back,
And send a blaze of bullets at your back?
See these are the realities
of walking the streets
when you’re black.
And I’m not talking about
The bangger that holds the gun
Because I probably know him
I’m talking about the banger that makes me run
For shits and fun
Chasing me down they say I run
These stories and many more
Are told on the side of the tracks where I’m from
But many never see the tracks
That I’ve come
To understand
As the difference between war and freedom
But what the fuck is freedom
In Chiraq 

Detention policies create human-animal distinctions that leads to genocidal otherization
Pugliese 2013 Joseph, Macquarie University¶ Associate Professor, Resarch Director MMCCS, nominated for the Joseph B. and Toby Gittler Prize, Brandeis University, U.S.A., in recognition of his research and social justice work on race, ethnicity and racism. In 2010 he was awarded Macquarie University Arts Faculty Excellence in Teaching Award "For inspiring students to learn critical thinking skills, oriented by an ethics of social justice, in order engage in learning as a transformative experience." State Violence and the Execution of Law, Biopolitical caesurae of torture, black sites, drones, Pg.92-97 Accessed 10/3/2013 DMW

Whereas in Disneyland...of"guilt or innocence)

Our alternative is to renounce the affirmative to burn the tracks, and to embrace the black countergaze
Yancy 12 (George, Professor of Philosophy at Duquesne University and Coordinator of the Critical Race Theory Speaker Series, 2012, “Look, a White! Philosphical Essays on Whiteness”, p. 10-14, Date Accessed: May 2, 13) IB 

Ahmed, hooks, and...look, a white!"¶

Tournament: CEDA | Round: Triples | Opponent: Oklahoma RY | Judge: Dillard-Knox, Rodriguez, Evans
Indigenous politic gets redeployed through whiteness i.e. pretendians co/opt any revolutionary potential through finding native ancestry on their DNA solely for financial benefits
Stuff White People Do 2009 (http://stuffwhitepeopledo.blogspot.com/2009/06/claim-they-have-native-american-blood.html)

¶ Harris points out that...strongest for black people

Tournament: D7 Districts | Round: 6 | Opponent: Pitt CK | Judge: Shree Awsare
You lose- not convicting Mohammed leads to more state control- he fully expects to die and wants to be a martyr for the cause
Sherwell 2012 Phillip, The Guardian, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed faces 'trial of century' after Guantánamo 9/11 deal  http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/september-11-attacks/9120891/Khalid-Sheikh-Mohammed-faces-trial-of-century-after-Guantanamo-911-deal.html Accessed 2/14/2014 DMW

Mr Obama has...martyr for a long time

The affirmative reliance upon a politics of guilt, judgment, and condemnation reinstates a managerialist form of thinking perpetuates domination and endangers the earth.
McWhorter 1992 (Ladelle, Professor of Philosophy, Northeast Missouri State, Heidegger And The Earth, p.viii)
The first essay,..human domination

Mohammed and all of the other 9/11 conspirators specifically want the death penalty- your trial’s verdict won’t do anything to resolve these problems- specifically, your advocacy is the same biopolitical control that would allow us to deny Khalid Sheikh Mohammed’s personal wishes
Thiessen 2013 Marc White House senior staff under President George W. Bush, Marc A. Thiessen served as chief speechwriter to the president and to Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld. Prior to joining the Bush administration, Thiessen spent more than six years as spokesman and senior policy adviser to Senate Foreign Relations Committee chairman Jesse Helms (R-N.C.). He is a weekly columnist for the Washington Post,  Holder’s Khalid Sheikh Mohammed delusions http://www.aei-ideas.org/2013/11/holders-khalid-sheikh-mohammed-delusions/ Accessed 2/15/2014 DMW

In a press conference...ocean floor

Tournament: D7 Districts | Round: 4 | Opponent: Towson TW | Judge: Aaron Swanlek
Failure to defend an end point of state action or a description of better state attempts to locate the affirmative’s politics at “the frontier” of deconstructing the limits and barriers upon argumentation, education and advocacy.  Unfortunately this conception of liberatory politics is rooted in the textual utopia of oppressive mobility which denies true liberation while perpetuating colonialism, patriarchy, and otherization.
Pritchard 2000 (Elizabeth A. doctorate from Harvard University.  The Way Out West: Development and the Rhetoric of Mobility in Postmodern Feminist Theory.  Hypatia 15.3 (2000) 45-72.  Project Muse.)
Michel Foucault's...sound in their work

Aliens are racist
Above Top Secret, Dec, 12 2011
Is Aliens and UFO's racist?, http://www.abovetopsecret.com/forum/thread785236/pg1

I am very serious...mans fantasy game. 

Racism is caused by alien-human genetic hybridization.
Nigel Kerner, March 26, 2010
(investigative journalist) Manipulative extraterrestrial genetic interference, http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/vida_alien/alien_humanitymanipulationalien28.htm

Thousands of reliable...albeit on a smaller scale

Mapping black futures and fantastic is good – status quo forecasting and other producers of fiction capital mask and erase racial identity in the future forcing upon minorities an either/or question – to be extraordinary or being a threat worthy of containment

Brooks 2014 (Lonny J. Avi. California State University, East Bay / Chair of the Communication And The Future (CATF) division of the National Communication Association / Chair of the Jewish Culture and Society Committee at Cal State East Bay. “Playing a Minority Forecaster in search of Afrofuturism: where am I in this future, Stewart Brand?” This piece is part of a chapter contribution to a forthcoming anthology Afrofuturism 2.o edited by Reynaldo Anderson and Charles Jones and part of a larger book project in revision for MIT Press: Futures, Inc.: Erasing Race in Post-Racial Digital Culture. Culture Digitally. January 20, 2014. http://culturedigitally.org/2014/01/playing-a-minority-forecaster-in-search-of-afrofuturism-where-am-i-in-this-future-stewart-brand/?utm_source=feedburnerandutm_medium=feedandutm_campaign=Feed3A+ nsfworkshop+28Culture+Digitally+Feed29, DOA: February 22, 2014, nic)

contact-form I share...progressive change

Tournament: D7 Districts | Round: 2 | Opponent: Pitt JL | Judge: Kyla Sommers
1NC
The Federal Judiciary should find Khalid Shaikh Mohammed Guilty

Mohammed and all of the other 9/11 conspirators specifically want the death penalty- your trial’s verdict won’t do anything to resolve these problems- specifically, your advocacy is the same biopolitical control that would allow us to deny Khalid Sheikh Mohammed’s personal wishes
Thiessen 2013 Marc White House senior staff under President George W. Bush, Marc A. Thiessen served as chief speechwriter to the president and to Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld. Prior to joining the Bush administration, Thiessen spent more than six years as spokesman and senior policy adviser to Senate Foreign Relations Committee chairman Jesse Helms (R-N.C.). He is a weekly columnist for the Washington Post,  Holder’s Khalid Sheikh Mohammed delusions http://www.aei-ideas.org/2013/11/holders-khalid-sheikh-mohammed-delusions/ Accessed 2/15/2014 DMW

In a press conference...on the ocean floor.

This makes the affirmative just a slightly more subtle form of extermination and a victory for not Khalid sheik Mohammed, but rather western imperial order.  This is the same as the wests treatment of indigionous populations and all Other who fall prey to the violence of ‘negotiated otherness’

Grace 2000 (Victoria, Professor of Sociology at the University of Canterbury.  “Baudrillard’s Challenge: A Feminist Reading.”)

Baudrillard writes that...their symbolic power.

2NC
He’s guilty and has admitted it himself- regardless of the torture he endured, in previous trials he admitted to being responsible for MULTIPLE terror plots- proven in his testimony in other criminal cases
Serrano 2/12/2014 Richard A. LA Times, Khalid Shaikh Mohammed offers to testify in New York federal trial
http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-ksm-witness-20140213,0,1959026.story#ixzz2tKIKX53z Accessed 2/14/2014 DMW

Cohen said that...returned to Yemen.

There’s plenty of evidence- testimony from other defendants
Sherwell 2012 Phillip, The Guardian, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed faces 'trial of century' after Guantánamo 9/11 deal  http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/september-11-attacks/9120891/Khalid-Sheikh-Mohammed-faces-trial-of-century-after-Guantanamo-911-deal.html Accessed 2/14/2014 DMW

What is already...York and Washington. 

Giving a verdict of Guilty is key to Mohammed’s goals- he would backlash against the aff because he wants to die
Gavett 2012 Gretchen , PBS Frontline Why the Arraignment of Khalid Sheikh Mohammed Matters, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/iraq-war-on-terror/why-the-arraignment-of-khalid-sheikh-mohammed-matters/ Accessed 2/16/2014 DMW

If Khalid Sheikh...try and restrict him.

Tournament: USC | Round: 2 | Opponent: Cal Berkley EM | Judge: Tom Gliniecki
Will pass – multiple signs point towards deal
Chicago Sun-Times, 1-2, 2014,
("Immigration reform possible this year", PAS) www.suntimes.com/opinions/24722793-474/immigration-reform-possible-this-year.html 1-3-13

Democrats have...stand on immigration.

Controversial court decisions spark congressional backlash – citizens prove
Zeleny, New York Times Washington Correspondent, 2010,
(Jeff, "Political Fallout From the Supreme Court Ruling", New York Times, 1-21, PAS) thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/01/21/political-fallout-from-the-supreme-court-ruling/ 9-25-13

Today’s ruling...drowned out.”

Remittances key to global microcredit diffusion
Giuliano 6 (Paola Giuliano, Asst Professor Economics – UCLA, fellow – NBER and IZA, “Remittances, Financial Development, and Growth,” Institute for the Study of Labor, IZA Discussion Paper No. 2160 lexis, date: 2/21/13) TM

The relationship...throughout urban Mexico.

Key to climate adaptation
Carraro 10 (Maëlis Carraro, OECD Environment Directorate, “Assessing the role of microfinance in fostering adaptation to climate change”, OECD Environmental Working Paper No. 15, lexis nexis, date accessed: 2/21/13) TM

Core elements of...entirely in Nepal.

Solves extinction from inevitable warming
Romero, 8 (Purple Romero, reporter for ABS-CBN news, 05/17/2008, Climate change and human extinction--are you ready to be fossilized? http://www.abs-cbnnews.com/nation/05/16/08/climate-change-and-human-extinction-are-you-ready-be-fossilized date accessed: 2/21/13) TM 

Climate change...efforts, etc.

Tournament: James Madison | Round: 6 | Opponent: UMW OS | Judge: Lincolin Garrett
Budget agreement will pass-~--PC is key
Calmes and Parker 10/10 Jackie Calmes and Ashley Parker are NYT Staff Reporters, “No Quick Deal, but Offer by G.O.P. on Debt Shifts the Tone,” 10-10-13, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/11/us/politics/debt-limit-debate.html?_r=0, DOA: 10-10-13, y2k

In statements...that threat.

Weakening Obama guts PC necessary to raise the debt ceiling
Lillis and Wasson 9/7 Fears of wounding Obama weigh heavily on Democrats ahead of vote, Fears of wounding Obama weigh heavily on Democrats ahead of vote, Mike Lillis and Erik Wasson, 09/07/13, http://thehill.com/homenews/house/320829-fears-of-wounding-obama-weigh-heavily-on-democrats

The prospect of...the aide said Friday.

Debt ceiling kills economy- its on the brink
Kurtzleben 10/2 How Each New Fiscal Crisis Makes the Economy a Little Shakier, DANIELLE KURTZLEBEN, business and economics reporter for U.S. News and World Report, October 2, 2013, http://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2013/10/02/how-each-new-fiscal-crisis-makes-the-economy-a-little-shakier

That prospect is...Oct. 17 approaches

Cross applied 1AC economy impact

Tournament: James Madison | Round: 6 | Opponent: UMW OS | Judge: Lincolin Garrett
Will pass - Obama and the dems are putting up a united front – budget negotiations moving forward, agreements have been made to keep negotiating
Mascaro and Memoli 10/10/13
(Lisa Mascaro and Michael Memoli are correspondents that write about politics at the LA Times.”Boehner-GOP Agree Debt Ceiling Shutdown,” http://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-pn-boehner-gop-agree-debt-ceiling-shutdown-20131010,0,3927178.story, Last Accessedn 10/10/13) ELJ

WASHINGTON -- The...rocket science.”

Debt ceiling will be raised, but it’s going to be close-~--continual focus is key
Burlij and Polantz 10/10 Terence Burlij and Ketelyn Polantz are Staff Reporters @ PBS Newshour, “GOP leaders open door to new strategy,” 10-10-13, http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/2013/10/gop-leaders-open-door-to-new-strategy.html, DOA: 10-10-13, y2k

After making...easy task.

Vote counts for passage
Wolf 10/8 By the numbers: Shutdown and debt ceiling, Z. Byron Wolf, CNN, October 8, 2013, http://www.cnn.com/2013/10/08/politics/btn-shutdown-debt-ceiling/index.html

The number...would join in

Obama’s pressuring the GOP-~--PC overcomes opposition
O’Brien 10/8 Boehner: GOP won't allow 'unconditional surrender' to Obama, Michael O'Brien, Political Reporter, NBC News, Oct 8, 2013, http://nbcpolitics.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/10/08/20871044-boehner-gop-wont-allow-unconditional-surrender-to-obama

Obama’s appearance...lawmakers before then.

Obama is taking hardline stance against GOP
Dorning and Taley 10/10 Mike Dorning and Margaret Taley, “Obama Hard-Line Debt Stance Rooted in Anger Over '11 Impasse,” 10-10-13, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-10-10/obama-s-hardline-budget-stance-rooted-in-anger-over-2011-impasse.html, DOA: 10-10-13, y2k

Obama has made...thing plays out.”

Political capital will make Republicans blink first
Wall Street Journal, 10-2, 2013,
("A GOP Shutdown Strategy", PAS) online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052702303464504579107720562837270.html?mod=rss_opinion_main 10-2-13

President Obama...possible result

Debt ceiling kills economy-~--no resiliency
Chris Cillizza 10/9 is Washington Post Staff Writer, “The one PowerPoint slide every Member of Congress needs to see on the debt ceiling,” http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/the-fix/wp/2013/10/09/the-one-powerpoint-slide-every-member-of-congress-needs-to-see-on-the-debt-ceiling/?wprss=rss_nationalandclsrd, DOA: 10-10-13, y2k

We are...catastrophic” fits

Congress will not make restrictions
Lowry, National Review Editor, 2011,
(Rich, "Obama Kills the War Powers Act" National Review Online, 6-7, PAS) www.nationalreview.com/articles/268973/obama-kills-war-powers-act-rich-lowry 8-12-13

President Obama...the disingenuous

Tournament: James Madison | Round: 6 | Opponent: UMW OS | Judge: Lincolin Garrett
Presidential war powers high
Posner 13 President Ruthless, Eric Posner, professor at the University of Chicago Law School, May 23, 2013, http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/view_from_chicago/2013/05/obama_s_speech_he_s_just_like_bush_in_pushing_the_limits_of_executive_power.html

In his speech...violated the law.

It’s a direct trade-off- Congressional involvement comes at the expense of the executive
Harrington 7 Presidential Powers Revisited: An Analysis of the Constitutional Powers of the Executive and Legislative Branches Over the Reorganization and Conduct of the Executive Branch, Alexandra R. Harrington, J.D., Albany Law School of Union University; B.A. Politics, B.A. History, New York University, Willamette Law Review, Vol. 44, p. 63, 2007

As discussed above...constitutional abilities.

Strong executive key to solve climate change
Wold 12 Chris Wold, Professor of Law and Director, International Environmental Law Project
(IELP), 2012, Lewis and Clark Law School, 2012, CASE WESTERN RESERVE JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW·VOL. 45·2012

In 2007, then...more aggressive action.

Warming leads to extinction
Deibel 2007 Terry L. professor of IR at National War College, Foreign Affairs Strategy, “Conclusion: American Foreign Affairs Strategy Today Anthropogenic – caused by CO2” Accessed 11/6/2012 DMW

Finally, there is...on this planet

Tournament: James Madison | Round: 6 | Opponent: UMW OS | Judge: Lincolin Garrett
Obama is adopting Bush policies- strong executive now
Holland 13 War Power Reversal, William J. Holland, Graduate studies in Systematic Theology and International Relations, January 7, 2013, https://wjholland.wordpress.com/2013/01/07/war-power-reversal/

If hypocrisy...matters fiscal?

Similarities dwarf the difference in rhetoric – solves backlash
Posner 13 President Ruthless, Eric Posner, professor at the University of Chicago Law School, May 23, 2013, http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/view_from_chicago/2013/05/obama_s_speech_he_s_just_like_bush_in_pushing_the_limits_of_executive_power.html

But as national...fool no one

Warming outweighs even if science is not certain.
Rendall 11—Matthew Rendall is Lecturer in Politics and International Relations at the University of Nottingham, “Climate Change and the Threat of Disaster: The Moral Case for Taking Out Insurance at Our Grandchildren’s Expense” POLITICAL STUDIES: 2011 VOL 59, 884–899 EBSCO. Accessed date: 8-7-12 y2k

Many argue...Pasek, 2001, p. 119).

Weakness is the biggest internal link into credibility
Gracia 13 - political scientist and a former senior adviser to the Human Services and International Affairs committees at the Hawaii State Legislature, Danny de Gracia, “DE GRACIA: How Obama’s scandals weaken U.S. diplomacy and security”, June 12, 2013, http://communities.washingtontimes.com/neighborhood/making-waves-hawaii-perspective-washington-politic/2013/jun/12/de-gracia-how-obamas-scandals-weaken-us-diplomacy-/

Once a bright...national security.

Future conflicts will be determine by speed
Johson 6 Karlton, Army War College, “Temporal and Scalar Mechanics of Conflict Strategic Implications of Speed and Time on the American Way of War,” http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a449394.pdf

The U.S. Army...to understand the

Turns Prolif
Executive action is key to curtail prolif
Li 9  Zheyao, J.D. candidate, Georgetown University Law Center, 2009; B.A., political science and history, Yale University, 2006. This paper is the culmination of work begun in the "Constitutional Interpretation in the Legislative and Executive Branches" seminar, led by Judge Brett Kavanaugh, “War Powers for the Fourth Generation: Constitutional Interpretation in the Age of Asymmetric Warfare,” 7 Geo. J.L. and Pub. Pol'y 373 2009 WAR POWERS IN THE FOURTH GENERATION OF WARFARE¶ 

Even as the...fourthgenerational opponents

Tournament: James Madison | Round: 6 | Opponent: UMW OS | Judge: Lincolin Garrett
Congressional oversight fails
Sorcher 13 National Security Insiders: It's Possible for Congress to Oversee Drone Program, Sara Sorcher, Staff Writer, National Security, May 30, 2013, National Journal’s National Security Insiders Poll is a periodic survey of defense and foreign policy experts, http://www.nationaljournal.com/insiders-polls/nationalsecurity/national-security-insiders-it-s-possible-for-congress-to-oversee-drone-program-20130311

Some Insiders...the armed forces."

Obama avoids groupthink
Kennedy 12 – JD from the University of Southern California Gould School of Law Brandon Kennedy (MA in Regional Studies (Middle East) from Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences), “NOTE: THE HIJACKING OF FOREIGN POLICY DECISION MAKING: GROUPTHINK AND PRESIDENTIAL POWER IN THE POST-9/11 WORLD,” Southern California Interdisciplinary Law Journal, 21 S. Cal. Interdis. L.J. 633, Spring 2012

A. Anti-Groupthink...avoiding groupthink.

Regulating drones are insufficient- need broader engagement
Foust 12 Joshua Foust is a fellow at the American Security Project and the author of Afghanistan Journal: Selections from Registan.net. He is also a member of the Young Atlanticist Working Group. MORE Joshua's research focuses on the role of market-oriented development strategies in post-conflict environments, and on the development of metrics in understanding national security policy. He has written on strategic design for humanitarian interventions, decision-making in counterinsurgency, and the intelligence community's place in the national security discussion. Previous to joining ASP, Joshua worked for the U.S. intelligence community, where he focused on studying the non-militant socio-cultural environment in Afghanistan at the U.S. Army Human Terrain System, then the socio-cultural dynamics of irregular warfare movements at the National Ground Intelligence Center, and later on political violence in Yemen for the Defense Intelligence Agency. Joshua is a columnist for PBS Need to Know, and blogs about Central and South Asia at the influential blog Registan.net. A frequent commentator for American and global media, Joshua appears regularly on BBC World, Aljazeera, and international public radio. Joshua is also a regular contributor to Foreign Policy's AfPak Channel, and his writing has appeared in the New York Times, Reuters, and the Christian Science Monitor,  "The Political Consequences of a Drones-First Policy," 1-27-12, www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/01/the-political-consequences-of-a-drones-first-policy/252129/ DOA: 7-20-13, y2k

The problem...Saleh future.

No impact- Pakistan collapse wont escalte
Dasgupta 13 (Sunil Dasgupta is Director of the University of Maryland Baltimore County Political Science Program at the Universities at Shady Grove and non-resident Senior Fellow at the Brookings Institution, East Asia Forum, February 25, 2013, "How will India respond to civil war in Pakistan?", http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2013/02/25/how-will-india-respond-to-civil-war-in-pakistan/ Date Accessed: 9/30/13) TM

As it is, India...the United States

SQ solves oversight
Etzioni 13 AMITAI ETZIONI is a university professor and professor of international relations at The George Washington University. He served as a senior adviser to the Carter White House and taught at Columbia University, Harvard University, and the University of California at Berkeley. "Everything Libertarians and Liberals Get Wrong About Drones," 4-30-13, www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2013/04/everything-libertarians-and-liberals-get-wrong-about-drones/275356/ DOA: 7-22-13, y2k

Critics argue...international law."

Drone courts sanction the practice- causes drone use against non immanent threats
Jaffer 13 Judicial Review of Targeted Killings, Jameel Jaffer, Director of the ACLU's Center for Democracy, 126 Harv. L. Rev. F. 185 (2013) http://www.harvardlawreview.org/issues/126/april13/forum_1002.php

While judicial...than narrow it.

No impact to prolif-~--no capability
Singer 13 The Proliferation of Drones, 19/06/2013, Peter W. Singer, director o

Tournament: James Madison | Round: 6 | Opponent: UMW OS | Judge: Lincolin Garrett
Drone courts don’t go far enough
Roberts 13 Obama drone oversight proposal prompts concern over 'kill courts', Dan Roberts in Washington, theguardian.com, 24 May 2013, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/may/24/obama-drone-vetting-kill-courts

Proposals to ...for victims.

Plan can’t solve future president rollback
Fournier 13 Ron Fournier is the Editorial Director of National Journal. Prior to joining National Journal, he worked at the Associated Press for 20 years, most recently as Washington Bureau Chief. Starting with a Little Rock posting, covering Bill Clinton's second term as governor, Fournier moved to Washington to report on the Clinton White House. He has won numerous awards for his work, including the Society of Professional Journalists' Sigma Delta Chi Award for coverage of the 2000 elections and a four-time winner of the prestigious White House Correspondents' Association Merriman Smith Memorial Award. His 2012 piece on the decline of U.S. institutions, "In Nothing We Trust," was awarded an honorable mention in David Brook’s essay contest, the Sidney Awards, “What If the Next President Is Even Worse?” 5-28 http://www.nationaljournal.com/politics/what-if-the-next-president-is-even-worse-20130528

George W. Bush...blinded by partisanship

Federal courts don’t solve groupthink
Mataconis, 13 OTB staff, J.D. from George Mason University School of Law
Doug, "Who’s In Charge Of The FISA Court?" Outside the Beltway, 7-7-13, www.outsidethebeltway.com/whos-in-charge-of-the-fisa-court-john-roberts-and-apparently-just-john-roberts/

It’s also easy...Sanchez said.

Drone courts don’t prevent anti-American backlash
Bloomberg 13 Why a ‘Drone Court’ Won’t Work, the Editors, Feb 18, 2013, http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-02-18/why-a-drone-court-won-t-work.html

First, few...simple wiretap.

Constraining targeted killing’s role in the war on terror causes extinction
Beres, Purdue Political Science and International Law Professor, 2011,
(Louis Rene, "ROUNDTABLE DISCUSSION: IS THE PRESIDENT BOUND BY INTERNATIONAL LAW IN THE WAR AGAINST TERRORISM? A TEN-YEAR RETROSPECTIVE: After Osama bin Laden: Assassination, Terrorism, War, and International Law", Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, 44 Case W. Res. J. Int'l L. 93, PAS) Accessed on LexisNexis 10-10-13 

Even after...unconventional attacks.

Aggressors don’t have the intel or experience to be capable of attack
Admiral Dennis Blair 13, Former Director of National Intelligence, “U.S. Drone Strike Policies: Speakers: Admiral Dennis Blair, Former Director of National Intelligence, and Micah Zenko, Douglas Dillon Fellow,” Conversation at CFR, January 22, 2013.

OPERATOR: Our...in the future.

No major impact to drone prolif over next 10 years
Micah Zenko 13, Douglas Dillon fellow in the Center for Preventive Action (CPA) at the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR). “Reforming U.S. Drone Strike Policies,” CPA at CFR, Council Special Report No. 65, January 2013. 

Based on current...near term

Zero chance of precedent setting
Wright 12 (Robert Wright, finalist for the Pulitzer Prize, former writer and editor at The Atlantic, “The Incoherence of a Drone-Strike Advocate” NOV 14 2012, http://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/11/the-incoherence-of-a-drone-strike-advocate/265256/

Naureen Shah...precedent it sets..."

Countries won’t model US drone restrictions
Etzioni 13, Amitai Etzioni is a professor of international relations at George ¶ Washington University and author ¶ of Hot Spots: American Foreign Policy in a Post-Human-Rigid World. March-April 2013 ? MILITARY REVIEW, The Great Drone Debate, http://usacac.army.mil/CAC2/MilitaryReview/Archives/English/MilitaryReview_20130430_art004.pdf, 

Other critics...more limited.

Strategic considerations
Williams 13, Carol J, foreign correspondent for the la times, “U.S. drone use could set dangerous example for rogue powers,” February 7th, http://articles.latimes.com/2013/feb/07/world/la-fg-wn-us-drones-global-precedent-20130206

Drone use...offensive capabilities

No risk of an impact from drones prolif-

Tournament: USC | Round: 2 | Opponent: Cal Berkley EM | Judge: Tom Gliniecki
trials undermine court legitimacy- turns into Stalinist show trial
Mataconis 11 (Doug, Attorney, JD from George Mason University School of Law, April 4, "Obama Administration To Abandon Plans For Civilian Trials For 9/11 Plotters", http://www.outsidethebeltway.com/obama-administration-to-abandon-plans-for-civilian-trials-for-911-plotters/)

After a quixotic...show trial.

Defining a state as a 'nondemocracy' is the first step into a conflict
Radnitsky ‘3 (Is Democracy More Peaceful than Other Forms of Government? Gerard Radnitzky, Emeritus Professor of Science at the University of Trier, 2003 p.g 163-4

ON THE FORMULATION...empirical information.

Democracy doesn’t solve war – allows nationalism to rule government choices
Rosato ‘3 Sebastian Rosato, PhD @ The University of Chicago, AMERICAN POLITICAL SCIENCE REVIEW, The Flawed Logic of Democratic Peace Theory, vol. 97, issue 4, pg. 11

Second, any...open discussion. 

Democracy causes conflict in the short-term
Mansfield and Snyder ‘6 Edward Mansfield and Jack Snyder (Columbia University Robert and Renée Belfer Professor of International Relations, University of Pennsylvania Hum Rosen Political Science Professor, “Prone to violence”, http://lynnspulp.blogspot.com/2006/01/questions-of-character-and-political.html)

THE BUSH Administration...more difficult

Court no longer modeled worldwide
Liptak, Sept 17, 2008
(Adam, New York Times, U.S. Court Is Now Guiding Fewer Nations, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/18/us/18legal.html?pagewanted=alland_r=0)

WASHINGTON — Judges...University of Chicago

Unipolarity doesn’t create peace
Fettweis 10 Christopher Fettweis, Professor of Political Science at Tulane University, 2010, Dangerous Times? The International Politics of Great Power Peace, p. 172-174

The primary attack...no less safe

Tournament: James Madison | Round: 3 | Opponent: Vandy SW | Judge: Beth Mendenhall
The president will circumvent the aff
McNeal 8¶ Gregory McNeal 08, Visiting Assistant Professor of Law, Pennsylvania State University Dickinson School of Law. The author previously served as an academic consultant to the former Chief Prosecutor, Department of Defense Office of Military Commissions, “ARTICLE: BEYOND GUANTANAMO, OBSTACLES AND OPTIONS,” August 08, 103 Nw. U. L. Rev. Colloquy 29

3. Executive Forum...Executive balances.

It’s a direct trade-off- Congressional involvement comes at the expense of the executive
Harrington 7 Presidential Powers Revisited: An Analysis of the Constitutional Powers of the Executive and Legislative Branches Over the Reorganization and Conduct of the Executive Branch, Alexandra R. Harrington, J.D., Albany Law School of Union University; B.A. Politics, B.A. History, New York University, Willamette Law Review, Vol. 44, p. 63, 2007

As discussed above...constitutional abilities.

Strong executive key to solve climate change
Wold 12 Chris Wold, Professor of Law and Director, International Environmental Law Project
(IELP), 2012, Lewis and Clark Law School, 2012, CASE WESTERN RESERVE JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW·VOL. 45·2012

In 2007, then-Senator...more aggressive action.

Doomsday warming predictions are false.
Aikman, 11—Amos, the Australian Staff Reporter, “Climate forecasts 'exaggerated': Science journal”  11-15-11 http://www.theaustrali-an.com.au/news/health-science/climate-forecasts-exaggerated-science-journal/story-e6frg8y6-1226205464958 accessed date: 5-15-12 y2k

Dramatic forecasts...previously thought."

Must end all indefinite detention- Gitmo closure is not enough
Crowley 13 Why Gitmo Will Never Close, Michael Crowley, senior correspondent, May 30, 2013, http://swampland.time.com/2013/05/30/why-gitmo-will-never-close/

But Obama will be...never really close.

National security courts are more restrictive than the SQ- circumvents review
Gude 8 Guantánamo's days are numbered, Ken Gude, 11 November 2008, http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/cifamerica/2008/nov/11/barack-obama-guantanamo-bay

Let's hope that is...days are numbered

No extinction
Gladwell 99 (Malcolm, The New Republic, July 17 and 24, 1995, excerpted in Epidemics: Opposing Viewpoints, p. 31-32)

Every infectious...life forms.

Unipolarity causes war and proliferation- its self-defeating
Monteiro 12 Unrest Assured, Why Unipolarity Is Not Peaceful, Nuno P. Monteiro is Assistant Professor of Political Science at Yale University. International Security, Vol. 36, No. 3 (Winter 2011/12), pp. 9–40

From the perspective...requires unequaled self-restraint

Tournament: Wake | Round: 6 | Opponent: Western Conneticut AE | Judge: Erika Jensen
Referring to blackness in terms of the body constructs the black man as a foil for the white elite, representing all of the dirty human desires that the rational white mind sought to repress.
Pfeifer ‘9 (Mar. 2009, Theresa H. Pfeifer, PhD student in sociology at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, master’s degree in communication studies,“Deconstructing Cartesian Dualisms of Western Racialized Systems,” Journal of Black Studies, Volume 39, Number 4, March 2009, 528-547, Sage Pub)

In Foucauldian...predisposition to perform” (p. 37).

The focus on the body is easily manipulated by whiteness to include eugenic control – Historically, this is a tool of white oppressors to define, manipulate, and devalue bodies of people of color
Blagaard ‘6 (Bolette, U of Oslo, http://www.rethinking-nordic-colonialism.org/files/pdf/ACT5/ESSAYS/Blaagaard.pdf)

What was visual...by the white man. 

Speed is better for communication.  In order to comprehend the smallest sounds of language as forming words, you need to speak somewhat rapidly.
Liberman and Whalen 0 (Alvin M. Liberman, President and Director of Research, Haskins Laboratories, 1975-86 Emeritus Professor of Psychology, University of Connecticut Emeritus Professor of Linguistics, Yale University Senior Scientist, Haskins Laboratories, Douglas A. Whalen, B.A., Rice University (cum laude), 1976 (Four full majors completed: Linguistics, English, Anthropology, German) M.A., Yale University, 1978 (Linguistics) M.Phil., Yale University, 1979 (Linguistics) Ph.D., Yale University, 1982 (Linguistics), 2006-2008 Program Director, Documenting Endangered Languages and Cognitive Neuroscience. US National Science Foundation (NSF), Arlington, VA., USA, 2000-present Vice President of Research, Haskins Laboratories, “On the relation of speech to language,” Trends in Cognitive Sciences, vol 4 no. 5, may 2000, http://www.utdallas.edu/~assmann/hcs6367/liberman_whalen00.pdf)

The particulate principle...rises even higher46

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 5 | Opponent: New York DD | Judge: Anthony Rowles
Restrictions fail- Congress will submit to the president’s wants
Elsea et al 2/19/2013 Jennifer K, Michael John Garcia, Thomas J. Nicola, Legislative attorneys, Congressional Authority to Limit Military Operations Congressional Research Service http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/206121.pdf Accessed 8/12/2013 DMW

Early exercises...as he shall think proper....”29

The use of the political to answer the call of ethics causes the political to make itself indispensable in a never ending cycle of control—legal institutions co-opt social activism and shift unique individuals to the position of generic citizens, eliminating genuine relationships.
Hershock 99 (Peter D., Project Fellow @ EastWest Center, Ph.D. in Philosophy from the University of Hawaii, "Changing the Way Society Changes: Transposing Social Activism into a Dramatic Key", Journal of Buddhist Ethics 6, p 158-150, Date Accessed: Jan 29,13, 1:02AM) IB

I have argued at...so is its future

Tournament: Clarion | Round: 3 | Opponent: Army LS | Judge: Josh Imes
Inherency is a stock issue plan happened already – Shift in control now – multiple government sources confirm vote neg
Zakaria and Hosenball 13 Tabassum Zakaria and Mark Hosenball, Reuters, 5-20-13, "Pentagon to take over some CIA drone operations : sources," 5-20-13, www.reuters.com/article/2013/05/21/us-usa-drones-idUSBRE94K03720130521 da 10-29-13cd

(Reuters) - President Barack...overreach broke last week

Tournament: Clarion | Round: 3 | Opponent: Army LS | Judge: Josh Imes
Virilio injects an optimism into his theory which appears to stem from his religion - makes his theory contradictory and unable to solve his concerns
Kellner No Date ( Douglas Kellner, University of California Los Angeles philosophy professor, No Date, “Virilio, War, and Technology: Some Critical Reflections”, http://intermedios.geografias.org/wp-content/uploads/2008/09/virilioilluminationskellner.pdf, accessed 10-25-13 ARO)

Virilio theorizes...modern politics.4

Tournament: Clarion | Round: 2 | Opponent: Wayne State BS | Judge: Rob Noerr
Obama will circumvent Congress- executive action
Cheryl Chumley, “Forget Executive Orders: Obama Finds Create Ways to Bypass Congress,” WASHINGTON TIMES, 3—28—13, http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/mar/28/forget-executive-orders-obama-finds-creative-means/#ixzz2eWxS0lVE

Move over executive...authority to execute.”

NDAA prohibits any funds toward the transfer of Guantanamo detainees
NDAA 12 The National Defense and Authorization Act of 2013, www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-112hr4310enr/pdf/BILLS-112hr4310enr.pdf

Subtitle D—Counterterrorism...other foreign entities.

TERRORISM RHETORIC RESULTS IN VIOLENCE AND DEFLECTS ATTENTION AWAY FROM OBJECTIONABLE GOVERNMENT PRACTICES
Journal of Political and Military Sociology Summer 2002 “The Rhetoric of ‘Terrorism’ and Its Consequences” http://animalliberationfront.com/ALFront/terrorism.htm page onlinePAM

This brings us closer...than a tautology.  (p. 204)

No impact to terrorism---threats are low and effects will be limited
Mockli 12 Daniel mockli is a Senior Researcher @ Center for Security Studies in International Relations and Security Network, "Terrorism as a Manageable Risk -- Yes it is," http://www.isn.ethz.ch/Digital-Library/Articles/Special-Feature/Detail/?lng=enandid=152973andtabid=1453321093andcontextid774=152973andcontextid775=152971 9-21-13, DOA: 7-20-13, y2k

Eleven years after al-Qaida...may cause mass panic.

They overinflate the China threat
Zhao 13 Zhao Xiaozhuo, senior colonel and deputy director of the Center for China-America Defense Relations, the Academy of Military Science, 5/13/13, China Daily, “US and the art of exaggeration,” http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/epaper/2013-05/13/content_16494719.htm, accessed 9/15/13, JTF

The annual report...but a baseless guess. 

Generalizations about Asian conflict are based on flawed racial constructions  
Rosen 00 Steven L. Rosen Faculty of Intercultural Communication Hiroshima Women's University Japan as Other:
Intercultural Communication, ISSN 1404-1634, 2000, November, issue 4.  Orientalism and Cultural Conflict http://www.immi.se/intercultural/nr4/rosen.htm

Orientalism as cultural myth...stereotypes of Japan as Other.

No EU relations impact
Mark Leonard 12, co-founder and director of the European Council on Foreign Relations, the first pan-European think tank, 7/24/12, “The End of the Affair,” http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2012/07/24/the_end_of_the_affair?page=full

But Obama's stellar personal ratings...realize just what is at stake.

-- No impact to NATO collapse
Gallagher 3 (Michael, Assistant Secretary of Commerce, Winter, Houston Journal of Int’l Law)

NATO’s supporters...security partnership.”

Ignoring the war at home is problematic- it justifies and ALLOWS for the spread of these prison abuses worldwide
Gordon 2006 Avery F. professor in sociology at the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the author, most recently, of Keeping Good Time: reflections on knowledge, power, and people Abu Ghraib: imprisonment and the war on terror http://rac.sagepub.com/content/48/1/42  pg.54 Accessed 10/1/2013 DMW

Here, in the new permanent...in the world.36

Tournament: Clarion | Round: 2 | Opponent: Wayne State BS | Judge: Rob Noerr
Congress won’t enforce the plan
Vlahos 13, Kelly B, Editor for the American Conservative Magazine, “Beware Lawyers Bearing AUMF Fix,” 4/10, http://original.antiwar.com/vlahos/2013/04/09/beware-lawyers-bearing-aumf-fix/

For those of us who...know about — today).

This discursive creation of the absolute Chinese Other means they can’t solve their China advantage, and they make arms races and war more likely.
Pan, 04  (Chengxin Pan, Department of Political Science and International Relations, Faculty of Arts, Australian National University, Canberra, “The "China Threat" in American Self-Imagination: The Discursive Construction of Other as Power Politics” Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, Jun/Jul2004, Vol. 29 Issue 3, p503-331,. EBSCO)
I have argued above...might become possible

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 7 | Opponent: Army LS | Judge: Joe Leeson Schatz
HR is racist- this is based on the fact that the concept of HR is rooted in European roots that were the same ones that justified the domination of groups- impacted by the K- 1NC Lentin
Human rights is a fundamentally flawed concept – it is rooted in Eurocentrism and imperialism
Alana Lentin, Lecturer in Sociology at the University of Sussex, January 2nd ‘05
“Racism and Human Rights Towards a new humanism?” accessed 9/8/10 at http://www.voiceoftheturtle.org/show_article.php?aid=426 

The humanist
collective action
Unipolarity causes war and violent backlash
Cambanis 12 The Lonely Superpower, January 22nd, 2012, Thanassis Cambanis, journalist specializing in the Middle East and American foreign policy, and a fellow at The Century Foundation, Teaches at Columbia University’s School of International and Public Affairs and at the New School’s Graduate Program in International Affairs, http://thanassiscambanis.com/tag/unipolarity/

After decades of
paradoxical stability.

Hegemony doesn’t create peace
Fettweis 10 Christopher Fettweis, Professor of Political Science at Tulane University, 2010, Dangerous Times? The International Politics of Great Power Peace, p. 172-174

The primary
less safe.
Data and trends go neg
McCoy 10 How America will collapse (by 2025) DEC 6, 2010, ALFRED MCCOY, J.R.W. Smail Professor of History at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, http://www.salon.com/2010/12/06/america_collapse_2025/

Available economic
younger generation

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 7 | Opponent: Army LS | Judge: Joe Leeson Schatz
The Universalist nature of human rights discourse is inherently racist – this makes it impossible for the plan to utilize the concept in order to solve and turns case.
Alana Lentin, Lecturer in Sociology at the University of Sussex, January 2nd ‘05
“Racism and Human Rights Towards a new humanism?” accessed 9/8/10 at http://www.voiceoftheturtle.org/show_article.php?aid=426 

The discourse...and multiculturalism

Unipolar is over- shift in wealth and power
Layne 12 This Time It’s Real: The End of Unipolarity and the Pax Americana, Christopher Layne, Texas A and M University, International Studies Quarterly (2012) 56, 203–213

In the...primacy erode.

US risk management causes blowback- fuels never-ending wars
Ritchie 11 Nick, PhD, Research Fellow at the Department of Peace Studies @ University of Bradford, Executive Committee of the British Pugwash Group and the Board of the Nuclear Information Service “Rethinking security: a critical analysis of the Strategic Defence and Security Review” International Affairs Volume 87, Issue 2, Article first published online: 17 MAR 2011

Third, the...of British citizens

Tournament: Clarion | Round: 3 | Opponent: Army LS | Judge: Josh Imes
The White House is taking steps to put drones under Title 10 – Transition takes a year or less
Klaidman 13 Daniel Klaidman, The Daily Beast, "Exclusive: No More Drones for CIA," 3-19-13, www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2013/03/19/exclusive-no-more-drones-for-cia.html da 10-29-13cd

At a time when...and to the world.”

Drones have already been shifted from Title 10 to Title 50 authority
Turza 10-3 Nicholas Turza, North Carolina Journal of Law and Technology, "Who’s Piloting the Drones? Shifting CIA Drone Operations to the DoD," 10-3-13, ncjolt.org/whos-piloting-the-drones-shifting-cia-drone-operations-to-the-dod/ da 10-29-13cd

That the President...increase transparency.”

Tournament: Binghamton | Round: 4 | Opponent: Binghamton CP | Judge: David Merkle
The rejection of rights is a strategic loss for present political struggles – Agamben’s totalizing form of critical theory increases oppression.
Deranty 4 Jean-Philippe: Associate Lecturer in Philosophy at Macquarie University (Australia) “Agamben’s challenge to normative theories of modern rights,” borderlands e-journal, Volume 3, Number 1, http://www.borderlandsejournal.adelaide.edu.au/vol3no1_2004/deranty_agambnschall.htm

1. 1. In the case...against oppression.

*The exclusion of “non-human” beings is a modern form of exclusion – its history doesn’t lie in the Enlightment while the accumulation and termination of black bodies do – it is not until recent historical    that other species have been exploitable
Johnson 3 (Clarence S., Professor at Middle Tennessee State University, “(Re)Conceptualizing Blackness and Making Race Obsolescent”, White on White/Black on Black, pps 176-177, Date Accessed: Jan 29, 13, 1:30AM) IB

For the purpose of...economic gain

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 1 | Opponent: Cal Berkeley MS | Judge: Martin Osborn
Legitimacy Adv.

US risk management causes blowback- fuels never-ending wars
Ritchie 11 Nick, PhD, Research Fellow at the Department of Peace Studies @ University of Bradford, Executive Committee of the British Pugwash Group and the Board of the Nuclear Information Service “Rethinking security: a critical analysis of the Strategic Defence and Security Review” International Affairs Volume 87, Issue 2, Article first published online: 17 MAR 2011

Third, the legitimating...needs of British citizens.

Heg doesn’t create peace
Fettweis 10 Christopher Fettweis, Professor of Political Science at Tulane University, 2010, Dangerous Times? The International Politics of Great Power Peace, p. 172-174

The primary attack on...was no less safe.

Unipolar is over- shift in wealth and power
Layne 12 This Time It’s Real: The End of Unipolarity and the Pax Americana, Christopher Layne, Texas A and M University, International Studies Quarterly (2012) 56, 203–213

In the Great Recession’s...American primacy erode.

US Supreme Court no longer modeled worldwide
Liptak, Sept 17, 2008
(Adam, New York Times, U.S. Court Is Now Guiding Fewer Nations, http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/18/us/18legal.html?pagewanted=alland_r=0)

WASHINGTON — Judges...of Chicago

Democracy Adv.

Obama will redefine policies to sidestep detention restrictions
NYT 12 (New York Times, “Secret ‘Kill List’ Proves a Test of Obama’s Principles and Will”, 5/29/12, http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/29/world/obamas-leadership-in-war-on-al-qaeda.html?pagewanted=alland_r=0)

What the new president...since the 2001 terrorist attacks.

American democracy is founded upon and constructed by white defenses of the color line
Olson 4 Joel Olson, associate professor of political theory at Northern Arizona University in Flagstaff and a social justice activist, The Abolition of White Democracy, University of Minnesota Press, pg. 31-33cd

Two public acts...in the United States

Tournament: Binghamton | Round: Semis | Opponent: Cornell PW | Judge: Bill Shanahan, Chris Kozak, Kevin Cenac
The weakness of the judicial system that the aff tries to reverse can’t be fixed with a minor policy change – The limitations of the judicial system in criminal proceedings comes from the bipartisan American tradition of criticizing judges in the War on Crime that the aff allows to continue
Forman 8 James Forman, Professor of Law At Georgetown University, "Exporting Harshness: How the War on Crime Has Made the War on Terror Possible," 8-15-08, works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000andcontext=james_forman da 8-14-13cd

From the...were so high.

Permanent state of exception means plans only makes matters worse
Understanding Empire 2013 (Dirty Wars: A Review, Part 3: Lawfare, or “Operational Preparation of the Battlespace”
http://understandingempire.wordpress.com/2013/06/17/dirty-wars-a-review-part-3-lawfare-or-operational-preparation-of-the-battlespace/)

Law exacerbates...lawyered up”.

U/L – Extra-Judicial secrecy and circumvention guarantee plan failure
Shaw 2013 (Ian G. R. Shaw, Phd Lecturer in Human Geography (School of Geographical and Earth Sciences), University of Glasgow.  Predator Empire: The Geopolitics of US Drone Warfare, Geopolitics, DOI:10.1080/14650045.2012, 2013)
The CIA’s...from the courts

The use of the political to answer the call of ethics causes the political to make itself indispensable in a never ending cycle of control—legal institutions co-opt social activism and shift unique individuals to the position of generic citizens, eliminating genuine relationships.
Hershock 99 (Peter D., Project Fellow @ EastWest Center, Ph.D. in Philosophy from the University of Hawaii, "Changing the Way Society Changes: Transposing Social Activism into a Dramatic Key", Journal of Buddhist Ethics 6, p 158-150, Date Accessed: Jan 29,13, 1:02AM) IB

I have argued at some length...so is its future

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 3 | Opponent: Georgetown BK | Judge: Chris Vincent
Attempts by white authors to speak from nowhere are a veiled form of whiteness. Also, the Black body has to be the starting point for interpreting race and critiquing Whiteness
Yancy 5
(George, Professor of Philosophy at Duquesne University, “Whiteness and the Return of the Black Body”, The Journal of Speculative Philosophy, New Series, Volume 19, Number 4, 2005, pp. 215-241, LKM)

I write out of...value. (Snead 1994, 4).

Winning that policy is bad won’t change Whiteness – Critique and recognition of White Privilege is key to spillover to a broader base
McIntosh 88 (Peggy, associate director @ Wellesley Collage Center for Research on Women, 1988, “White Privilege and Male Privilege: A Personal Account of Coming To See Correspondences through Work in Women's Studies”, http://www.amptoons.com/blog/files/mcintosh.html, Date Accessed: Jan 25, 12 4:48PM) IB 

One factor...broader base.

Tournament: Wake | Round: 3 | Opponent: Georgia DG | Judge: Martin Osborn
Military and president would circumvent the environment regulations- exemptions
Elsler 2004 Peter, USA Today, Military tries to exempt acres from environmental laws, http://usatoday30.usatoday.com/news/nation/2004-10-13-dodexemptions_x.htm Accessed 10/23/2013 DMW
The Pentagon began...can still do."

Prefer our evidence—scientists are reluctant to acknowledge evidence contrary to anthropogenic warming theory.
Paterson,11—Norman, a professor and Engineer and Consulting Geophysicist, Ph.D in geophysics, 60 years' experience in Mineral and Environmental, and elected Fellow to the Royal Society of Canada “Global warming: a critique of the anthropogenic model and its consequences” http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0QQS-/is_1_38/ai_n57783716/pg_3/?tag=content;col1 accessed date: 5-24-12 y2k

Politics also plays...those in support

No solve warming- even if increased restrictions- there are tons of international exemptions for the US Military
Hynes 2011 H. Patricia is a retired professor of environmental health from Boston University and chairs the board of the Traprock Center for Peace and Justice. The Military Assault on Global Climate http://www.truth-out.org/news/item/3181:the-military-assault-on-global-climate Accessed 10/23/2013 DMW

By every measure...fuel usage data.

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 7 | Opponent: Army LS | Judge: Joe Leeson Schatz
Fuck has no sexual meaning- their attempt to censor it institutionalizes the taboo leading to a chilling of speech. We must recognize fuck has a legitimate place in speech.
Fairman, 2006 (Christopher M, SeriesAssociate Professor of Law, The Ohio State University Moritz College of Law, “Fuck” http://law.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5152andcontext=expresso, pg 73-75)

Fuck is all...must be set free. 

The word isn’t the problem- their attempt to make the word taboo is an attempt to hedge against life’s disorders.
Fairman, 2006 (Christopher M, SeriesAssociate Professor of Law, The Ohio State University Moritz College of Law, “Fuck” http://law.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5152andcontext=expresso, pg 16-17)

An understanding...word perpetuate it.

Their forcing a sexual meaning on our use of fuck only shows their subconscious taboos.
Fairman, 2006 (Christopher M, SeriesAssociate Professor of Law, The Ohio State University Moritz College of Law, “Fuck” http://law.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5152andcontext=expresso, pg  40-41)
In order to...is actually used.223

Tournament: Fullerton | Round: 1 | Opponent: Oklahoma LM | Judge: Amber Kelsie
YOU FAIL to solve your exploded education claims – derrida/deconstruction only reinforces violent dogmatism, moral relativism, and cedes the political to the right
Plaut, 04 (Steven, Professor at the Graduate School of the Business Administration at the University of Haifa, “The Deconstruction of Jacques Derrida”, Frontpage Magazine, 10/11, http://www.frontpagemag.com/readArticle.aspx?ARTID=11030)

Deconstructionism is...the curtain."   

Derrida is either meaningless or links to his own critique of the truth.
Wolin, 04 (Richard, B.A. from Reed College--M.A. and Ph.D. from York University in Toronto--D.D. McMurtry Professor of History at Reed College and Rice University, The seduction of unreason : the intellectual romance with fascism : from Nietzsche to postmodernism, p. 222-223)

Ironically, one detects...scholarly cult.

Deconstruction is elitist and fails to produce real change
Fejfar 06 (Anthony J, B.A. Philosophy, Magna Cum Laude, Creighton University, J.D., With Distinction, University of Nebraska College of Law, “Deconstructing Derrida: Deconstructing a Cliff A Tract Book Essay A Satirical Allegory”, http://www.scribd.com/doc/980/Deconstructing-Deconstruction-Deconstructing-Derrida)  

Let us imagine...about it. 

Deconstruction kills democracy and creates a civilization of madness and illusion.
Wolin, 04 (Richard, B.A. from Reed College--M.A. and Ph.D. from York University in Toronto--D.D. McMurtry Professor of History at Reed College and Rice University, The seduction of unreason : the intellectual romance with fascism : from Nietzsche to postmodernism, p. 21)

Over the last...gods to come.     

Deconstruction is elitist, racist, and fascist.
Ellis-Christensen, 03 (Tricia, degree in English literature, “What is deconstruction?”, http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-deconstruction.htm)

For those practicing...work before

Alt fails—Deconstruction leads to political apathy
Wolin, 04 (Richard, B.A. from Reed College--M.A. and Ph.D. from York University in Toronto--D.D. McMurtry Professor of History at Reed College and Rice University, The seduction of unreason : the intellectual romance with fascism : from Nietzsche to postmodernism, p. 233)

With these remarks...good as another. 

Alt fails--Deconstruction is utopian and unachievable
Grieve-Carlson 06 (Gary, Professor of English, Director of General Education, Lebanon Valley College, “Book Review: Is the Radical Left the Child of the Radical Right?”, International Journal of Baudrillard studies, January, http://www.ubishops.ca/baudrillardstudies/vol3_1/grieve.htm)

Wolin’s antipathy toward...mandatory sentencing. 

Deconstruction too academic and narrow to spur social change.
Learmonth, 04 (Mark, Department of Management Studies--University of York, “Derrida Reappraised: Deconstruction, Critique and Emancipation in Management Studies”, University of York, Department of Management Studies, March, http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/2553/1/yms_workingpaper1.pdf)

Whilst the work...intrinsic to it.   

Deconstruction is based on dogmatic ideology and hypocrisy
Plaut, 04 (Steven, Professor at the Graduate School of the Business Administration at the University of Haifa, “The Deconstruction of Jacques Derrida”, Frontpage Magazine, 10/11, http://www.frontpagemag.com/readArticle.aspx?ARTID=11030)

Deconstructionism is...behind the curtain."

Tournament: Binghamton | Round: 6 | Opponent: Rochester AW | Judge: John Clarke
Their analysis of ableism only recreates oppressive binaries, turns the case
Humphrey, Faculty of Applied Social Sciences, The Open University UK, 2000
(Jill C., Disability and Society, Vol. IS, No. I, “Researching Disability Politics, Or, Some Problems with the Social Model in Practice”, Proquest, p. 64-65)

In academic texts,...political campaigners

Tournament: Binghamton | Round: 6 | Opponent: Rochester AW | Judge: John Clarke
The failure to have a concrete option we can debate against guarantees efforts for change backfire
Steve 7 Anonymous member of Black Block and Active Transformation who lives in East Lansing, MI, Date Last Mod. Feb 8, http://www.nadir.org/nadir/initiativ/agp/free/global/a16dcdiscussion.htm

What follows is not...up the state. 

Their strategy allows vague shifting, which results in manipulation that turns their impact
Galles 9 Gary, Professor of Economics at Pepperdine, “Vagueness as a Political Strategy,” March 2, http://blog.mises.org/archives/author/gary_galles/

The problem with such...welfare is the criterion.

Specific strategies are the only way to mobilize resistance
Silverstein 2 Marc, Anarchist Communitarian Network, “Breaking Free of the Protest Mentality”, 4-25,
http://site.www.umb.edu/faculty/salzman_g/Strate/Discus/2002-04-25Silverstein.htm

But it seems that...activism and protest.

The impact is all of the case and perpetual exploitation
Ling 1 LHM, Professor, The New School, New York, Post-Colonial International Relations: Conquest and Desire Between Asia and the West

Without concrete...itand#39; (Spegele, 1992: 174). 

Nothing surrounding the issue of indefinite detainees is unique – The conditions, the conservative rhetoric, and even the abusive guards have their root in the American Carceral system – We can only begin to understand and act against the abuse the aff describes with the backdrop of domestic prisoners, we otherwise obscure and replicate these abuses
Forman 8 James Forman, Professor of Law At Georgetown University, and#34;Exporting Harshness: How the War on Crime Has Made the War on Terror Possible,and#34; 8-15-08, works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1000andcontext=james_forman da 8-14-13cd

Amnesty International recently...after September 11.

The affirmative only serves to commodify compassion toward disability through rhetorics of difference – rendering disability into viral difference, resulting in stereotyping and alienation.
Roberts, , 7 (Jeff, The Rhetorical Structure of Disability: Bridging the Gap Between What is ‘Spoken’ and What is ‘Said’ with Song - Over-Signifying with Personhood Against the Backdrop of Disease-Centric Discourse, http://www.google.com/url?sa=tandrct=jandq=andesrc=sandsource=webandcd=37andved=0CGkQFjAGOB4andurl=http3A2F2Fbeardocs.baylor.edu2Fxmlui2Fbitstream2Fhandle2F21042F50862FJeff_Roberts_Masters.pdf3Fsequence3D1andei=hUL3T52RN4SlrQH1j6iLCQandusg=AFQjCNHd4PB3kECHEjVxxEx07R2Oqb2EBg , Pg. 6-7,)

Just as disease-centric...comes first. (para.8.)

Tournament: James Madison | Round: 3 | Opponent: Vandy SW | Judge: Beth Mendenhall
Courts will allow deference
Davis 7¶ Benjamin Davis 07, professor at the University of Toledo College of Law, 7/12/07, “Against a US 'Terrorists' Court',” http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/forumy/2007/07/against-us-terrorist-court.php

What a sad day!...intoxication with improvisation.

NSC doesn’t solve- it perpetuates the squo
Hilde 9 ¶ Thomas Hilde 9, professor at the University of Maryland School of Public Policy, “Beyond Guantanamo. Restoring U.S. Credibility on Human Rights,” Heinrich Böll Foundation, http://www.boell.org/downloads/hbf_Beyond_Guantanamo_Thomas_Hilde(2).pdf

This approach...government officials

NSC maintain the SQ- reduce rights
Fisher 9 Special ‘Terror’ Courts Worry Legal Experts, by William Fisher, May 21, 2009, http://original.antiwar.com/fisher/2009/05/20/special-terror-courts/

Fein says Chertoff...society as a whole."

Their impact is academic junk- conflicts can’t just emerge
Fettweis 11 Christopher J. Fettweis, Department of political science, Tulane University, 9/26/11, Free Riding or Restraint? Examining European Grand Strategy, Comparative Strategy, 30:316–332, EBSCO

Assertions that without...or without the United States

Intervention dominates discussion of foreign policy, results in constant manipulation, and never ending wars.
Paul ‘2 (A Foreign Policy for Peace, Prosperity, and Liberty, Rep. Ron Paul (R-TX)?September 9, 2002, Ron Paul, M.D., represents the 14th Congressional District of Texas in the United States House of Representatives. http://www.antiwar.com/paul/paul44.html)

Thomas Jefferson...of divine intervention

Tournament: James Madison | Round: 2 | Opponent: Wake CS | Judge: AJ Warne
Gitmo closure insufficient to restore credibility
Hilde 9 Beyond Guantánamo - Restoring U.S. Credibility on Human Rights, 2009, Thomas C. Hilde is a professor at the University of Maryland School of Public Policy where he teaches seminars in ethics and policy and international environmental and development law and politics, http://www.lb.boell.org/web/113-239.html

How to restore the...rights culture

Gitmo closure increases drones use- undermines international credibility  
RT 13 US targeted drone killings used as alternative to Guantanamo Bay - Bush lawyer — RT USA, May 03, 2013, http://rt.com/usa/obama-using-drones-avoid-gitmo-747/

A lawyer...civilian casualties.”

Deference is maintained because executive action is critical in extreme circumstances- restrictions limit executive power
Cruz 12 Judicial Scrutiny of National Security: Executive Restrictions of Civil Liberties When "Fears and Prejudices are Aroused, Tania Cruz, William S. Richardson School of Law, University of Hawaii, J.D. 2012, Seattle Journal of Social Justice, Vol. 2 Iss. 1, Article 54

As a means of...nation?’s security.191

Strong executive key to solve climate change
Wold 12 Chris Wold, Professor of Law and Director, International Environmental Law Project
(IELP), 2012, Lewis and Clark Law School, 2012, CASE WESTERN RESERVE JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW·VOL. 45·2012

In 2007, then-Senator...aggressive action.

Tournament: James Madison | Round: 2 | Opponent: Wake CS | Judge: AJ Warne
Must end all indefinite detention- Gitmo closure is not enough
Crowley 13 Why Gitmo Will Never Close, Michael Crowley, senior correspondent, May 30, 2013, http://swampland.time.com/2013/05/30/why-gitmo-will-never-close/

But Obama...never really close.

US Credibility is low now because 

1. Inability to carry through with threats in favor of congressional approval
   2. Russia
   Mneimneh 9/13/13
   (Hassan. Hassan Mneimneh is a Senior Transatlantic Fellow with the German Marshall Fund of the United States in Washington, D.C. “The U.S. Is Losing Credibility in the Middle East” The German Marshall Fund of the United States Blog Expert Commentary. http://blog.gmfus.org/2013/09/13/the-u-s-is-losing-credibility-in-the-middle-east/ DOA: September 13, 2013)

In his March...and U.S. values

There is a trade-off in detention and drone strikes
Chesney 11 Examining the Evidence of a Detention-Drone Strike Tradeoff, Robert Chesney, Charles I. Francis Professor in Law at the University of Texas School of Law, as well as a non-resident Senior Fellow of the Brookings Institution, October 17, 2011, http://www.lawfareblog.com/2011/10/examining-the-evidence-of-a-detention-drone-strike-tradeoff/

Yesterday Jack linked...this really prove?

Limits on detention encourage drones use
Ignatius 10 Our default is killing terrorists by drone attack. Do you care? David Ignatius, December 2, 2010, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/12/01/AR2010120104458.html

Don't misunderstand...than before.

Drone strikes trigger I-Law perceptions and are morally equal to detention
Ofek 10 Hillel Ofek, former assistant editor of National Affairs, "The Tortured Logic of Obama’s Drone War," Spring 2010, www.thenewatlantis.com/publications/the-tortured-logic-of-obamas-drone-war da 8-14-13cd

Here again it is...say, Egypt’s interrogators?

Obama’s tactic of choice is drones
Press TV 13 US favors killing terror suspects abroad over their capture and prosecution, Apr 08, 2013, http://www.presstv.com/detail/2013/04/08/297160/us-prefers-assassinating-terror-suspects/

The secret overseas...the daily adds

Courts won’t rule on political questions now.
Litwak 12¶  Brian, JD candidate at UNC, "Putting Constitutional Teeth Into aPaper Tiger: How to Fix the War PowersResolution," American University National Security Law Brief, Vol. 2, No. 2, http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1034andcontext=nslb

A. The Political Question...pursuant to the WPR.56

Courts have preserved detention powers
Michael Tomatz 13, Colonel, B.A., University of Houston,  J.D., University of Texas, LL.M., The Army Judge Advocate General Legal Center and School (2002); serves as the Chief of Operations and Information Operations Law in the Pentagon. AND Colonel Lindsey O. Graham B.A., University of South Carolina, J.D., University of South Carolina, serves as the Senior Individual Mobilization Augmentee to The Judge Advocate Senior United States Senator from South Carolina, “NDAA 2012: CONGRESS AND CONSENSUS ON ENEMY DETENTION,” 69 A.F. L. Rev. 1 

Through a growing...of war detainee cases

Instability inevitable – complete withdrawal now – devastates Afghanistan
Rosenberg, New York Times Afghanistan Reporter, 10-4, 2013,
(Matthew, "Impasse With Afghanistan Raises Prospect of Total U.S. Withdrawal in 2014", New York Times, PAS) www.nytimes.com/2013/10/05/world/asia/impasse-with-afghanistan-raises-prospect-of-total-us-withdrawal-in-2014.html?partner=rssandemc=rssandpagewanted=all 10-5-13 

KABUL, Afghanistan...nuclear-armed power.

Unipolarity doesn’t create peace
Fettweis 10 Christopher Fettweis, Professor of Political Science at Tulane University, 2010, Dangerous Times? The International Politics of Great Power Peace, p. 172-174

The primary attack...was no less safe.

Unipolarity causes war and proliferation- its self-defeating
Monteiro 12 Unrest Assured, Why Unipolarity Is Not Peaceful, Nuno P. Monteiro is Assistant Professor of Political Science at Yale University. International Security, Vol. 36, No. 3 (Winter 2011/12), pp. 9–40

From the perspectiv

Tournament: Wake | Round: 8 | Opponent: Wayne State JS | Judge: Eric Short
President will ignore oversight – use executive privilege to provide poor information
Berman, NYU Law Center for Justice National Security Project Counsel, 2010,
(Emily, "LINCOLN'S LEGACY: ENDURING LESSONS OF EXECUTIVE POWER: ARTICLE: EXECUTIVE PRIVILEGE DISPUTES BETWEEN CONGRESS AND THE PRESIDENT: A LEGISLATIVE PROPOSAL", Albany Government Law Review, 3 Alb. Gov't L. Rev. 741, PAS) Accessed on LexisNexis 9-26-13

These examples...disclosure of information.

US risk management causes blowback- fuels never-ending wars
Ritchie 11 Nick, PhD, Research Fellow at the Department of Peace Studies @ University of Bradford, Executive Committee of the British Pugwash Group and the Board of the Nuclear Information Service “Rethinking security: a critical analysis of the Strategic Defence and Security Review” International Affairs Volume 87, Issue 2, Article first published online: 17 MAR 2011

Third, the legitimating...needs of British citizens

Tournament: Wake | Round: 8 | Opponent: Wayne State JS | Judge: Eric Short
No willingness to check the executive
HUQ 12 - Assistant Professor of Law, University of Chicago Law School (Aziz Z. Huq, Binding The Executive (By Law Or By Politics), Chicago Public Law and Legal Theory Working Paper No. 400)

Consider first the...executive initiatives.

Courts fail at executive restrictions- empirics
Druck 12 Judah A. Druck, law associate at Sullivan and Cromwell LLP, Cornell Law School graduate, magna cum laude graduate from Brandeis University, “Droning On: The War Powers Resolution and the Numbing Effect of Technology-Driven Warfare,” http://www.lawschool.cornell.edu/research/cornell-law-review/upload/Druck-final.pdf

By now, the general...from moving forward.

American exceptioanlism allows for violence against racial bodies and hinders our ability to challenge its ideology.
Harvey 2013 Jennifer, Associate Professor of Religion at Drake University.  Pursuing Trayvon Martin: Historical Contexts and Contemporary Manifestations of Racial Dynamics. Edited by George Yancy.  Chapter: American Exceptionalism: Setting the Scene, pages 106-7

One of the most powerful...Trayvon Martin's murder

Tournament: Clarion | Round: 5 | Opponent: Wayne State NW | Judge: Samantha Godbey
Their politics are blind to the distinction between democracy and totalitarianism, can equate ALL politics with anti-queer violence
Brenkman 2 John Brenkman, Distinguished Professor of English and Comparative Literature at the CUNY Graduate Center and Baruch College, 2002, Narrative, Vol. 10, No. 2, p. 189-190

Is there a...and innovation.  

Queer theory reinforces oppression- their incessant need to focus on white gay males as the oppressed group of choice trades off with an ability to recognize other oppressed people groups-
Goodloe 94 Amy, University of Colorado Faculty Member, Program for Writing and Rhetoric, “Lesbian-Feminism and Queer Theory:  Another "Battle of the Sexes"?,” http://www.lesbian.org/essays/lesfem-qtheory.html 

Perhaps the most...core theoretical concept. 

Queer theory fails to make distinctions between “sex” and “gender”- The result is discriminating generalizations-this leads to a de-centered movement incapable of solving the root causality they isolate
 Goodloe 94 Amy, University of Colorado Faculty Member, Program for Writing and Rhetoric, “Lesbian-Feminism and Queer Theory:  Another "Battle of the Sexes"?,” http://www.lesbian.org/essays/lesfem-qtheory.html 

Stein's prim...democratic potential" (52). 

Queer politics should be affirmative and optimistic about the possibility of creating a better world, even as it rejects specifically reproductive futurism in other ways than by embodying the death drive.
Snediker 6 Michael Snediker, Visiting Assistant Professor of American Literature at Mount Holyoke College, 2006, Postmodern Culture, Vol. 16, No. 3

Juxtaposed with...mortification." Enjoyment, anyone?

Tournament: Wake | Round: 6 | Opponent: Western Conneticut AE | Judge: Erika Jensen
The notion of a physical black body as a site of oppression constructs the black person as the lesser part of the Cartesian duality – their advocacy reproduces racism.
Young ‘8 (July 2008, Gordon Alley Young, Assistant Professor in the Department of Communications and Performing Arts at Kingsborough Community College-City University of New York, “Articulating Identity: Refining Postcolonial and Whiteness Perspectives on Race within Communication Studies,” The Review of Communication Vol. 8, No. 3, July 2008, pp. 307??321, EBSCO)

The postcolonial...some extent.

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 3 | Opponent: Georgetown BK | Judge: Chris Vincent
The alternative is elitist ethical garbage – it’s easy to be nihilist when you’re not one of the oppressed
Martha Nussbaum, David Benedict Professor, Professor of Philosophy and Classics, and Adjunct Professor of Comparative Literature at Brown University, 1994, Nietzsche, Genealogy, Morality: Essays on Nietzsche’s On the Genealogy of Morals, ed. Richard Schacht, p. 158-59
We now turn...him with weakness.

Attempts by white authors to speak from nowhere are a veiled form of whiteness. Also, the Black body has to be the starting point for interpreting race and critiquing Whiteness
Yancy 5
(George, Professor of Philosophy at Duquesne University, “Whiteness and the Return of the Black Body”, The Journal of Speculative Philosophy, New Series, Volume 19, Number 4, 2005, pp. 215-241, LKM)

I write out...human value. (Snead 1994, 4).

Tournament: D7 Districts | Round: 4 | Opponent: Towson TW | Judge: Aaron Swanlek
1NC
Interpretation: The affirmative must defend the instrumental passage of a topical policy action

B) Violation: The 1AC lacks a definitive policy course of action in its affirmation of the resolution

C) Reasons To Prefer:
1) Preservation of Debate
2) Most Real World:
Baudrillard 1993 (Jean, The Transparency of Evil, Pages Page 72-72)

In Simmel's words...everything political.

Playing the game solves all their aff better
Baudrillard 1983 (Jean, In the Shadow of the Silent Majorities or The End of the Social and Other Essays.  Pages 30-48)

The mass realizes...absurd purpose.”

1NR

This is what we’ll call tyranny of the self – the worst kind of slavery that breeds political fascists by enslaving life to itself.
This is Baudrillard ‘01
To be able...but himself.

Tournament: CEDA | Round: Triples | Opponent: Oklahoma RY | Judge: Dillard-Knox, Rodriguez, Evans
The 1AC gets co-opted- their use of Geronimo gets massively redeployed through whiteness and the American Military industrial complex i.e. mission for Bin Laden was code named Geronimo
Pugliese 13 (Joseph, Associate Professor of Cultural Studies at Macquarie University, Sydney.  State violence and the Execution of Law: Biopolitical Caesurae of torture, black sites, drones. “Genocidal caesurae and the militarization of Native American country” Pages 46-55)

The articulation...economies of war.
Whiteness is hidden because it is not identified, it is hidden because whites don’t acknowledge it- not only is action the only way to solve, it is something that is needed in order to lead to the interpellation to succeed
Wildman 2006 Stephanie, Professor of Law and Director, Center for Social Justice and Public Service, Santa Clara University. The Persistence of White Privilege Stephanie, Santa Clara University School of Law Legal Studies Research Papers Series Working Paper No. 06-07, August 2006 http://ssrn.com/abstract=858585 Pg.245-246 Accessed 12/17/2013 DMW

Barbara Flagg published...of white privilege.

In order to combat racist politics we must identify them
Professor Gerrie Snyman Explains
Snyman 2013 (Gerrie, University of South Africa.  “The interpellation of whiteness. Some thoughts by a colonial remnant reading the biblical text.”  Session 10: Theorising Whiteness 3rd Global Conference - Monday 22nd July – Wednesday 24th July 2013)

It is clear that...hostage of the other!44

Not simply turns in response, but rather returns the very gaze of the black body, that which is reflected my eyes….  This is a gift of death to a system that is unable to see itself…
Snyman 2013 (Gerrie, University of South Africa.  “The interpellation of whiteness. Some thoughts by a colonial remnant reading the biblical text.”  Session 10: Theorising Whiteness 3rd Global Conference - Monday 22nd July – Wednesday 24th July 2013)

Whiteness need ...the past.

The Alternative is to renounce the affirmative as an affirmation of the black counter gaze.

We are the marking of the violence of whiteness, making it visible to those that benefit from it. Causing a self critical self re-evaluation that is the key step to breaking down the hegemonic hold Whiteness has on America – we are the mirror on the wall
Yancy 12 (George, Professor of Philosophy at Duquesne University and Coordinator of the Critical Race Theory Speaker Series, 2012, “Look, a White! Philosphical Essays on Whiteness”, p. 10-14, Date Accessed: May 2, 13) IB 

Ahmed, hooks, and Du Bois..."look, a white!"  

Freeing Geronimo, does nothing but continue atrocities, this recreates the first step of indoctrinating the people to erase their identity
Whitmer 6 Benjamin Whitmer, professor of Ethnic Studies at The University of Colorado-Boulder, “‘Torture Chambers and Rape Rooms’ What Abu Ghraib Can Tell Us About the American Carceral System,” CR: The New Centennial Review 6.1, project musecd

"No Where to Run...focus of the endeavor.

Tournament: D7 Districts | Round: 6 | Opponent: Pitt CK | Judge: Shree Awsare
Interpretation: the affirmative must restrict indefinite detention

Indefinite Detention means detaining an arrested person without a trial
US LEGAL 13 US Legal Forms Inc., Indefinite Detention Law and Legal Definition http://definitions.uslegal.com/i/indefinite-detention/

Indefinite detention is...USA Patriot Act. 

Restrictions are prohibitions
Jean Schiedler-Brown 12, Attorney, Jean Schiedler-Brown and Associates, Appellant Brief of Randall Kinchloe v. States Dept of Health, Washington,  The Court of Appeals of the State of Washington, Division 1, http://www.courts.wa.gov/content/Briefs/A01/68642920Appellant20Randall20Kincheloe27s.pdf

3. The ordinary...his license.

Resolved means firm in purpose
Random House Dictionary, 2009
Dictionary.com Unabridged Based on the Random House Dictionary, "resolved," http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Resolved,
re?solved ri-zolvd

–adjective firm i...determined
‘Should’ means policy action
Ericson 3 Jon M., Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts – California Polytechnic U., et al., The Debater’s Guide, Third Edition, p. 4

The Proposition...you propose. 

Restricting types of indefinite detentiion is not substantial – must be over all
Substantial is without material qualifications
Blacks Law Dictionary 1990
6th Edition

Essentially; without...and essentially.

Judicial restrictions are done by the supreme court
Peterson 91 (Todd D. Peterson, Associate Professor of Law, The George Washington University, National Law Center; B.A. 1973, Brown University; J.D. 1976, University of Michigan, Book Review: The Law And Politics Of Shared National Security Power -- A Review Of The National Security Constitution: Sharing Power After The Iran-Contra Affair by Harold Hongju Koh, New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press. 1990. Pp. x, 330, March, 1991 59 Geo. Wash. L. Rev. 747) 

Based on both case...effective action.

Tournament: D7 Districts | Round: 6 | Opponent: Pitt CK | Judge: Shree Awsare
The affirmatives message of equality misrepresents the connection between discourse and structure under its interpretation of law and fails to interrogate the very superstructure of how “the utopian imagination of plan text,” as a discursive tactic, only serves to normalize the supremacy of “white racial common sense” through an epistemology of ignorance.
Leo Moore 2014 (Wendy, The Stare Decisis of Racial Inequality: Supreme Court Race Jurisprudence and the Legacy of Legal Apartheid in the United States.  Critical Sociology, Sage)

The explication
racial epistemology.¶
The precedent plan is reliant upon is rooted in “orchestrated enslavement, genocide, theft, and oppression, justified through a legal frame” and discursive tactics that perpetuate white supremacy.
Leo Moore 2014 (Wendy, The Stare Decisis of Racial Inequality: Supreme Court Race Jurisprudence and the Legacy of Legal Apartheid in the United States.  Critical Sociology, Sage)

The principle of
contemporary law.

This 1AC’s discursive evasion of mechanisms remains committed to a white epistemic authority and ignorance that only serves to reproduce racial oppression.
Leo Moore 2014 (Wendy, The Stare Decisis of Racial Inequality: Supreme Court Race Jurisprudence and the Legacy of Legal Apartheid in the United States.  Critical Sociology, Sage)

¶ As I illustrated, the
epistemology of ignorance.

Tournament: D7 Districts | Round: 2 | Opponent: Pitt JL | Judge: Kyla Sommers
The aff’s differences are what mask the differences in others- they ignore the smaller, domestic violent acts that cause the same violence, but yet they only consider the loss of soliders abroad, or the targeted killing, when the same thing goes on within American borders, unchecked and not-stopping.
Scheper-Hughes and Bourgois, 2004 (Prof of Anthropology @ Cal-Berkely; Prof of Anthropology @ UPenn) (Nancy and Philippe, Introduction: Making Sense of Violence, in Violence in War and Peace, pg. 19-22 Accessed 2/8/2014 DMW

This large and...feelings of victimization).

You don’t solve, in fact your attempt to justify yourselves through some social cause is the same investment that is used to block discussions about race, simply because you don’t want to hear it
Bailiey and Zita 2007 Alison, Jacquelyn N, The Reproduction of Whiteness: Race and the Regulation of the Gendered Body Hypatia, Volume 22, Number 2, Spring 2007, pp. vii-xv (Article)
http://muse.jhu.edu/journals/hyp/summary/v022/22.2bailey_a.html vii-viii Accessed 12/27/2013 DMW
Philosophical methods...human experience.

Speaking from a position of white subjectivity is still embedded within white power and privilege
Yancy 12 (George, Professor of Philosophy at Duquesne University and Coordinator of the Critical Race Theory Speaker Series, 2012, “Look, a White! Philosphical Essays on Whiteness”, p. 8, Date Accessed: Apr 30, 13) IB 

According to bell hooks...directly to  the ramifications.

Disregard the affirmative or rather regard as further omission from a court that protects white privilege.  This Supreme Court actor is pretty damn good.

Leo Moore 2014 (Wendy, The Stare Decisis of Racial Inequality: Supreme Court Race Jurisprudence and the Legacy of Legal Apartheid in the United States.  Critical Sociology, Sage)

As I illustrated, the...epistemology of ignorance.