Tournament: tournament | Round: 6 | Opponent: Appalachian State Bass-Anderson | Judge: Bellon
Affirmative has to specify the grounds they rule on, they don’t-it is a voting issue:

1) Ground and Education.
Specification is key to DA’s and CP’s because literature about the courts focuses more on the process of a decision than the outcome. Any discussion minus the grounds is superficial. 

2) No Solvency-
Decisions without grounds have no legal weight
Post, 2001
Robert, UC-Berkeley law professor, “ARTICLE: The Supreme Court Opinion as Institutional Practice: Dissent, Legal Scholarship, and Decisionmaking in the Taft Court”, May, 85 Minn. L. Rev. 1267

Experience, we take it, shows that
AND
not satisfied with anything else.

Tournament: Bulldogdebates | Round: 3 | Opponent: George Mason Ghanem-Wiseman | Judge: Scott
Simulating conflict scenarios ignores the complexity which taints predictions—the aff’s linear war-planning fails and causes escalating conflict
Jervis, professor of international affairs – Columbia, ‘97
(Robert, “Complex Systems: The Role of Interactions,” in Complexity, Global Politics, and National Security, eds. David S. Alberts and Thomas J. Czerwinski, National Defense University)

Because actions change the environment
AND
they have little choice but to respond in kind to the adversary’s hostility. 

The linear thought constructed in the 1AC creates try or die logic that relies on a flawed security analysis that justified the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.
Kessler 8 (Oliver professor of Sociology at University of Bielefeld, “From Insecurity to Uncertainty: Risk and the Paradox of Security Politics” kjl)
The problem of the second method is that it is very difficult
AND
"Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence." 

Complexity theory through policy making is key to solve every impact
Tabara 11
(David. J. Global Systems Dynamics and Policy GSDP is an initiative to develop a research program for the study of global systems, complexity and sustainability in an ongoing dialogue with decision makers. GSDP operates as an open network evolving through workshops, working papers, publications, and open conferences. It aims at consolidating an international community of researchers engaged in dialogues with decision-makers. GSDP operate over a period of three years. GSPD work is broken down into seven work packages that operate in parallel, synchronized by annual conferences and interacting through meetings, documents, and intensive use of ICT. “An emerging research program for Global Systems Science” http://gsdp.eu/fileadmin/images/about/GSDP_1st-year-deliverables.pdf (5-1)/ /kjl)

In contrast to the conventional risk management
AND
deal with whatever the future might bring.

The alternative is to reject linear thinking in complex adaptive systems - accepting uncertainty through complexity is key
Ryan 10 (Dr Alex Ryan is Assistant Professor of Complex Systems at the School of Advanced Military Studies, Command and General Staff College in the United States. He teaches effective thinking, complex systems and design within the Advanced Military Studies Program and the Advanced Operational Art Studies Fellowship. In nine years at the Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Alex Ryan was the Australian national lead for the TTCP Joint Systems Analysis Action Group on complex adaptive systems for defence, task manager for complex adaptive systems research, and managed support to operations for winning the adaptation battle. Alex Ryan has a PhD in complex systems design from the University of Adelaide. Australian Army Journal • Volume VI, Number 3 “The Foundation for an Adaptive Approach”kjl)

The way to resolve this apparent paradox is to
AND
system-level trade-offs and exploits self-organisation and emergence

Linear construction ignores the complexity which taints predictions—the aff’s linear war-planning fails and causes escalating conflict
Jervis 97 (Robert, professor of international affairs – Columbia “Complex Systems: The Role of Interactions,” in Complexity, Global Politics, and National Security, eds. David S. Alberts and Thomas J. Czerwinski, National Defense University)
Because actions change the environment in which they operate,
AND
and their environments, let alone say much about any element in isolation.

Tournament: tournament | Round: 4 | Opponent: West Georgia Kelly-Villanueva | Judge: Mathis
Counterplan Text: The US Supreme Court will distinguish Title 8 Code of Federal Regulations §241.14 which justified the violation of due process
The plan mechanism equates to racial redemption, whitewashing America’s worst crimes.
Cho 98 Sumi, Depaul Law Professor, 1998 (Boston College Third World Law Journal, “Redeeming Whiteness in the Shadow of internment: Earl warren, Brown, and a Theory of Racial Redemption” 19 B.C. Third World 73) pg 122 SP

Racial redemption is the process by
AND
the evolving form of subordination. 

The court deals with bad laws in two ways. The first is Brown and the overruling of Plessy v. Ferguson.
Ryan 04 Kevin F. Ryan  DEPARTMENTS: LEX ET RATIO ...: REMEMBERING AND FORGETTING BROWN 30 Ver. B. J. and L. Dig. 5 SP

what goes unacknowledged by those 

AND
glorification of the present."

Brown proves that dehistoricizing the court’s participation in oppression legitimizes an inevitable replication of violence and coercion.
Cho 98#2 Sumi, Depaul Law Professor, 1998 (Boston College Third World Law Journal, “Redeeming Whiteness in the Shadow of internment: Earl warren, Brown, and a Theory of Racial Redemption” 19 B.C. Third World L.J. 73) pg 122 SP (we do not defend the use of ableist language in this card)

While the Warren Court embraced
AND
the judicial attack on racial remedies.  

A better way forward is to model the jurisprudence behind the 1984 Korematsu reversal. Distinguishing decisions by limiting them to the facts of the case removes the ability of any court to use the decision as precedent but keeps history intact.
Kaprowski 03 Nikolas, Northwestern Law J.D Candidate, 2k3 (Seattle University Law Review, “Stacking the Deck Against Suspected Terrorists: The Dwindling Procedural Limits of the Government’s Power to Indefinitely Detain United States Citizens as Enemy Combatants, winter) pg. 683-684 SP

Korematsu involved a situation
AND
protecting constitutional guarantees.

Tournament: Bulldogdebates | Round: 3 | Opponent: George Mason Ghanem-Wiseman | Judge: Scott
Text:  The President will issue an executive order requiring insert plan text.

Self-restraint is a more effective check than other branches
Posner and Vermeule, 6 --- *Prof of Law at U Chicago, AND  Prof of Law at Harvard (9/19/2006, Eric A. Posner and Adrian Vermeule, “The Credible Executive,” http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=931501))

Neither a well-motivated nor ill-motivated
AND
other branches of the government.

Executive orders are fast and build political capital
Krause and Cohen 97 George + David, Professors of Political Science @ South Carolina, “Presidential Use of Executive Orders” American Politics Quarterly, Vol 25 No 4, October 1997, Sage Journals Online
Executive orders are another weapon
AND
more favorable to the White House (Wigton 1996).

Tournament: tournament | Round: 6 | Opponent: Appalachian State Bass-Anderson | Judge: Bellon
Interpretation: Targeted killings are strikes carried about against pre-meditated, individually designated targets—signature strikes are distinct.
Anderson, 2011
(Kenneth, Professor at Washington College of Law, American University, Hoover Institution visiting fellow, Non-Resident Visiting Fellow at Brookings, "Distinguishing High Value Targeted Killing and ’Signature’ Attacks on Taliban Fighters," August 29 2011, http://www.volokh.com/2011/08/29/distinguishing-high-value-targeted-killing-and-signature-attacks-on-taliban-fighters/-http://www.volokh.com/2011/08/29/distinguishing-high-value-targeted-killing-and-signature-attacks-on-taliban-fighters/ Accessed: 12/17/13 RJS)

The CIA carries out two different types
AND
not synonymous with drone warfare, 

Violation: The aff is only signature strikes

Vote neg —- signature strikes and targeted killings are distinct operations with entirely separate lit bases and advantages—-they kill precision and limits
Anderson, 2011
(Kenneth. Professor at Washington College of Law, American University, Hoover Institution visiting fellow, Non-Resident Visiting Fellow at Brookings, "Efficiency in Bello and ad Bellum: Targeted Killing Through Drone Warfare," Sept 23 2011, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1812124 Accessed: 12/17/13 RJS)

Although targeted killing and drone warfare are often
AND
have no connection to “targeted killing.”
AND
This is not targeted killing; this is conventional war operations. 

Prefer our interp – allowing signature strikes and drone strikes in the topic destroys predictability, limits, and precision by allowing in mass attacks against enemy combatants and all kinds of air power weapons platforms
Anderson, Professor at Washington College of Law, American University, ‘11
Kenneth, Hoover Institution visiting fellow, Non-Resident Visiting Fellow at Brookings, “Efficiency in Bello and ad Bellum: Targeted Killing Through Drone Warfare,” Sept 23 2011, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1812124

We need to disaggregate the practices
AND
Afghanistan, rather than individualized “high value” targets, whether Taliban or Al Qaeda.
D. T is a voter in order to preserve fairness and education.

Tournament: tournament | Round: 2 | Opponent: Miami George-Silverman | Judge: Slattery
Will Pass – widespread public support, historical trends
NAM 2-20-14. “New Poll: Vast Majority of Americans Want the President and Congress to Work Together to Expand Trade Deals.” National Association of Manufacturers. http://www.nam.org/Communications/Articles/2014/02/Vast-Majority-of-Americans-Want-the-President-and-Congress-to-Work-Together.aspx

Americans from across the political
AND
overseas markets for manufacturers and workers.

?
Obama is pushing and his push is key
The Hill 1/21
(“Obama: Give me fast track trade”, http://thehill.com/homenews/administration/195858-white-house-works-to-convince-dems-to-give-obama-fast-track-on-trade Accessed: 1/29/14)

The White House is making a
AND
weight on this,” one senior House aide said.

The plan causes an inter-branch fight – saps PC and derails his agenda
Kriner 10
Douglas Kriner, Assistant Profess of Political Science at Boston University, 2010, After the Rubicon: Congress, Presidents, and the Politics of Waging War, p. 67-69

costly political battles in one policy arena
AND
stands to derail other elements of his agenda,

Bill Key to Trade
Watson 1/15
(William, trade policy analyst with Cato’s Herbert A Stiefel Center for Trade Policy Studies. His research focuses on U.S. trade remedy policies, disguised protectionism, and the institutional aspects of global trade liberalization, “What to Look for in the Upcoming Trade Policy Debate”, http://www.cato.org/blog/what-look-upcoming-trade-policy-debate Accessed: 1/29/14)

this TPA bill is on
AND
agreements before the end of his term. 

Free trade prevents multiple scenarios for world war and WMD Terrorism
Panzner 2008
Michael, faculty at the New York Institute of Finance, 25-year veteran of the global stock, bond, and currency markets who has worked in New York and London for HSBC, Soros Funds, ABN Amro, Dresdner Bank, and JPMorgan Chase “Financial Armageddon: Protect Your Future from Economic Collapse,” pg. 136-138
protectionist legislation like the
AND
the beginnings of a new world war.

Tournament: tournament | Round: 4 | Opponent: West Georgia Kelly-Villanueva | Judge: Mathis
A. Interpretation: The courts have a case and controversy requirement, it would be impossible for the court to just come out and rule
Benjamin ‘99
(Stuart, prof at University of San Diego Law School, “Stepping Into the Same River Twice: Rapidly Changing Facts and the Appellate Process,” 78 Texas L. Rev. 269, L/N)
  it would be  *286  problematic for a court,
AND
not part of an actual controversy,
B. Violation: The affirmative plan text has a controversy but no case
Vote neg on presumption- lack of case and controversy means the court will dismiss the suit- affirmative plan never happens
King ‘00
(J. Brian, law clerk to Chief Judge Richard A. Schell, US District Court for the Eastern District of Texas 2000-01, “Jurisprudential Analysis of Justiciability,” 10 Kan. J.L. and Pub. Pol’y 217, L/N)

Without a judicial case or controversy,
AND
dismiss the suit.

Tournament: Bulldogdebates | Round: 3 | Opponent: George Mason Ghanem-Wiseman | Judge: Scott
Executive War Powers as high as ever.
Payne 14 (Amy is Assistant Director of Strategic Communications at The Heritage Foundation. In that capacity, Amy serves as Managing Editor of The Foundry, Heritage's ublic policy news blog, as well as the "Morning Bell," one of Washington’s most widely read and influential e-newsletters. January 15 at 2:10 pm(33). The Foundry. “Executive Pen at the Ready: Imperial Obama “Will Not Limit Himself” to What Congress Does.” Date Accessed: 1-22-14 http://blog.heritage.org/2014/01/15/executive-pen-ready-imperial-obama-will-limit-congress/ JM
President Obama reminded Congress and the
AND
unilateral actions that bypass Congress 

Congressional control of targeted killing destroys war fighting and turns the case.
Issacharoff ‘13
Samuel Issacharoff, Reiss Professor of Constitutional Law, New York University School of Law. and Richard H. Pildes, Sudler Family Professor of Constitutional Law, New York University School of Law; CoDirector, NYU Program on Law and Security, “Drones and the Dilemma of Modern Warfare,” PUBLIC LAW and LEGAL THEORY RESEARCH PAPER SERIES WORKING PAPER NO. 13-34 Star Chamber=politicized secret court from 15th century England, symbol of abuse

internal analogues to legal process,
AND
collective responsibility for decisions of life and death and the incentives have turned out to not to be well aligned to get a subset of Congress, such as the intelligence committees, to play this role effectively.65

Strong Obama key to resolving Iranian nuclear program
Elliot 2012
David Elliott, Assistant Policy Director, National Iranian American Council, 05/02/2012, Dysfunctional Congress Threatens Iran Talks, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/david-elliott/dysfunctional-congress-th_b_1471941.html, uwyoamp

As the United States and Iran look for
AND
the Commander in Chief overseeing diplomats in Tehran rather than deploying troops there.