Tournament: 2013babyjo | Round: 8 | Opponent: Minnesota Plutowski-Williams | Judge: Ziegler
JAPAN ONLY ADVOCATES NON-PROLIF AS LONG AS THEY HAVE THE U.S. UMBRELLA, WHICH IS STRONG NOW.  UNDER POLITICAL UNCERTAINTY AT HOME AND REGIONAL TENSION, REDUCING THE CREDIBILITY OF U.S. NUCLEAR DETERRENCE MEANS JAPAN WOULD PROLIF
Joseph S. Nye, Jr., Ph.D., Univ. Distinguished Service Prof., Sultan of Oman Prof. of IR Visions of Governance in the 21st Century Project, Dean of the Kennedy School of Gov’t at Harvard, June 14, 2K9
“Will US-Japan Alliance Survive?,” http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/opinon/2009/07/137_48423.html, Korea Times, ACC. 8-13-09, JT
Next year marks the 50th anniversary of the United States-Japan
AND
nuclear forces to parity with China.

THIS IMPACT IS GLOBAL THERMONUCLEAR WAR
Geoffrey HARTMAN January 16, 2K3
“A year later, ‘Axis of Evil’ still a hot topic,” The Daily Nebraskan, ACC. 8-27-2009,
http://www.pbs.org/avoidingarmageddon/getInvolved/involved_04_01_entries01.html

The simmering crisis in North Korea
AND
winners in global thermonuclear war.

Tournament: 2013babyjo | Round: 2 | Opponent: Missouri State Parsian-Russo | Judge: Johnson

Plan text: Congress should stop funding facilities used for indefinite detention.

*CP SOLVES THE AFF IMMEDIATELY AND DOESN’T LINK TO POLITICS

John Yoo (Prof. of Law, University of California, Berkeley; Visiting Scholar, American Enterprise Institute) 2/1/2012
~"War Powers Belong to the President" online @ http://www.abajournal.com/magazine/article/war_powers_belong_to_the_president-http://www.abajournal.com/magazine/article/war_powers_belong_to_the_president, loghry~
Congress’ check on the presidency lies not just in the long-term raising of
AND
confuse a desire to escape political responsibility for a defect in the Constitution.

Tournament: 2013babyjo | Round: 4 | Opponent: Missouri State Carlson-Cole | Judge: Vint

Targeted Killing is most effective under the military – oversight collapses CMR

Baron ’13 (Kevin, 03/18/13, national security reporter for Foreign Policy, covering defense and military issues in Washington, Foreign Policy, "Jeh Johnson, drone court "skeptic," argues targeted killing best left to military," http://e-ring.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2013/03/18/jeh_johnson_drone_court_skeptic_argues_targeted_killing_best_left_to_military-http://e-ring.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2013/03/18/jeh_johnson_drone_court_skeptic_argues_targeted_killing_best_left_to_military) BVG

Jeh Johnson, the Pentagon’s top lawyer until three months ago, is skeptical of
AND
as I can tell, the world has not come to an end."

THE PLAN IS AN ASSAULT ON THE BALANCE OF CIVILIAN CONTROL OF THE MILITARY – RISKS READINESS

Mark R. Shulman (Assistant Dean for Graduate Programs and International Affairs and an Adjunct Professor of Law, Pace University School of Law) January 2012
~"ARTICLE: HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE OBAMA ADMINISTRATION: A STEIN CENTER 26 LEITNER CENTER COLLOQUIUM SUPPORT AND DEFEND: CIVIL-MILITARY RELATIONS IN THE AGE OF OBAMA" 35 Fordham Int’l L.J. 409, lexis, loghry~

The title of this book plays nicely on the Preamble of the US Constitution to
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civil-military relations for the purpose of promoting his conservative social values. 

READINESS SOLVES GLOBAL WAR

Feaver 3, Professor of Political Science at Duke, Peter D., Armed Services: Agency, Oversight, and Civil-Military Relations, p.5

The civil-military problematique is so vexing because it involves balancing two vital and
AND
leading them to rash behavior and then failing in the ultimate military contest.

Tournament: 2013babyjo | Round: 2 | Opponent: Missouri State Parsian-Russo | Judge: Johnson

Uniqueness – Congress will agree to a short-term budget extension to avoid default now

Oman Tribune, 9-2, 13, http://www.omantribune.com/index.php?page=news26id=15099626heading=Americas-http://www.omantribune.com/index.php?page=news26id=15099626heading=Americas

WASHINGTON A vote in Congress over whether to launch US attacks against Syria is expected
AND
to say that the chance of a short-term extension has increased." 

Plan costs political capital

-Boston bombings changed the political dynamic
-Obama needs a galvanized party to pass CIR, plan fragments
The New Zealand Herald 2013 (Obama vows again to close prison at Guantanamo Bay; May 1; kdf)
Despite Obama’s pledge to make another run at closing Guantanamo, the president was vague
AND
as an enemy combatant like the Guantanamo detainees, despite his American citizenship.

Capital key to a debt deal

Mike Lillis, 9-7, 13 "Fears of wounding Obama weigh heavily on Democrats ahead of vote," http://thehill.com/homenews/house/320829-fears-of-wounding-obama-weigh-heavily-on-democrats

The prospect of wounding President Obama is weighing heavily on Democratic lawmakers as they decide their votes on Syria. Obama needs all the political capital he can muster heading into bruising battles with the GOP over fiscal spending and the debt ceiling. Democrats want Obama to use his popularity to reverse automatic spending cuts already in effect and pay for new economic stimulus measures through higher taxes on the wealthy and on multinational companies.

Failure reach an agreement causes a government shut-down and debt default, wrecking the economy

Agence France Presse, 8-29, 13, http://www.rawstory.com/rs/2013/08/29/prepare-for-yet-another-budget-showdown-in-congress/

President Barack Obama is facing the prospect of a fiscal fight with Congress, with
AND
to hold firm on its demands as they enter negotiations with Obama’s Democrats.
Should the two sides fail to strike a deal, parts of the government will be forced into shutdown, triggering a fiscal domino effect that could send markets reeling.
A more contentious battle looms. With the government projected to hit its borrowing limit by mid-October, the two sides must reach agreement on raising that cap or risk a potentially calamitous default.
Lawmakers have long used the debt ceiling as leverage in budget negotiations. But Boehner, at a fund-raiser Monday in Idaho, raised the specter of a bitter battle in the weeks ahead, repeating his aim not to raise the borrowing limit unless his party gets an equal amount in spending cuts.
"It may be unfair, but what I’m trying to do here is to leverage the political process to produce more change than what it would produce if left to its own devices," Boehner said. "We’re going to have a whale of a fight."
The two sides are far from agreement, but Obama has insisted he will not negotiate over the US responsibility to pay its bills.
Should they fail to reach a deal, the crisis could ding the country’s gold-plated credit rating, which suffered a hit in 2011 when Republicans and Obama brought their disastrous fiscal negotiations to the brink before coming to terms.

Global economic crisis causes war—-strong statistical support—also causes great power transitions

Royal 2010
Jedediah Royal, Director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, 2010, "Economic Integration, Economic Signaling and the Problem of Economic Crises," in Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal and Political Perspectives, ed. Goldsmith and Brauer, p. 213-214
Less intuitive is how periods of economic decline may increase the likelihood of external conflict
AND
popularity, are statistically linked to an increase in the use of force..

Tournament: 2013babyjo | Round: 8 | Opponent: Minnesota Plutowski-Williams | Judge: Ziegler
The President of the United States of America will issue a public declaration stating that the United States maintains nuclear weapons to deter and, if necessary, to respond to nuclear attacks against ourselves, our forces, or our friends and allies and that the United States will not use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear-weapon state-parties to the Treaty on the Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons that are in compliance with their nuclear nonproliferation obligations. 

THE AFF IS A DECLARATION OF WHAT CIRCUMSTANCES WOULD CAUSE THE USE OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS. THESE DECLARATIONS ARE REVERSIBLE, CONFUSING AND DO NOTHING TO ASSUAGE ALLIED FEARS OF A COLLAPSING UMBRELLA. THE COUNTERPLAN’S DECLARATION IS A STATEMENT OF FACT THAT ENSURES THE U.S. DOES NOT USE NUCLEAR WEAPONS FIRST WHILE MAINTAINING ALLIED CONFIDENCE IN OUR NUCLEAR UMBRELLA
Jeffrey Lewis (is Director of the Nuclear Strategy and Nonproliferation Initiative at the New America Foundation) 1/4/2010
“Declaratory Policy” online @ http://www.armscontrolwonk.com/2583/declaratory-policy, loghry
These problems suggest two criteria for a declaratory policy —
AND
neither alarm allies or comfort potential adversaries.

Tournament: 2013babyjo | Round: 2 | Opponent: Missouri State Parsian-Russo | Judge: Johnson

The affirmative relies on realism to explain world events… the idea that we go to war in order to secure peace is the logic that silences the structural violence that impacts women everyday… this type of knowledge production is fundamentally violent.

Ayotte and Husain 05 ~Kevin J, Assistant Professor in the Department of Communication at the California State University and Mary E, lecturer in the Department of Communication at the California State University, "Securing Afghan Women: Neocolonialism, Epistemic Violence, and the Rhetoric of the Veil, p. 112-113~
The concept of "security" has not always been considered particularly problematic in the
AND
violence are indeed different in kind, we must recognize their complicitous relationship.

Masculine views of IR exclude other possible solutions, that makes warfare and policy failure inevitable—Iraq proves

Lieberfeld 5 ~Daniel, Associate Professor of Social and Political Policy @ Duquesne University, PhD in IR from Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, "THEORIES OF CONFLICT AND THE IRAQ WAR", International Journal of Peace Studies, Volume 10, Number 2, Autumn/Winter 2005, http://www.gmu.edu/programs/icar/ijps/vol10_2/wLieberfeld10n2IJPS.pdf~~
Some observers have also located motives for the invasion decision in Bush’s relationship with his
AND
promote a U.S. invasion that served their own political agendas.

The alternative is to vote negative. In questioning the masculine conceptions of the 1AC we are able to embrace a feminist ethic that challenges the inequalities and violence of the status quo

Moghadam 01 ~Valentine: feminist scholar and author, "Violence and Terrorism: Feminist Observations on Islamist Movements, State, and the International System" Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East, vol. 21.1-2, Project Muse~
Our world desperately needs new economic and political frameworks in order to end the vicious
AND
by feminine values. An important proposal is the institutionalization of peace education.

Tournament: 2013babyjo | Round: 2 | Opponent: Missouri State Parsian-Russo | Judge: Johnson

Case

Solvency

No solvency-  lower courts and congress have undone habeas protections, detainees aren’t being brought to trial

Alexander 2013
Janet Cooper, Frederick I. Richman Professor of Law, Stanford Law School, University of Illinois Law Review, 2013 U. Ill. L. Rev. 551, ARTICLE: THE LAW-FREE ZONE AND BACK AGAIN, l/n)
The decade since 9/11 has seen three phases in the government’s approach to
AND
these decisions has left detainees with essentially no meaningful opportunity to win release.

Congressional bans prevent detainee travel and jurisdictions refuse to accept detainees to be tried—also undermines the legal system

Mataconis 2011(Doug, Attorney, JD from George Mason University School of Law, April 4, "Obama Administration To Abandon Plans For Civilian Trials For 9/11 Plotters", http://www.outsidethebeltway.com/obama-administration-to-abandon-plans-for-civilian-trials-for-911-plotters/)

After a quixotic two year search for a proper venue and process for a civilian
AND
to be detained. That’s not justice, it’s a Stalinist show trial.

Deference

Hegemony fails at resolving conflicts and decline is inevitable.

Maher 10—PhD candidate in Political Science @ Brown
Richard, Ph.D. candidate in the Political Science department at Brown University, The Paradox of American Unipolarity: Why the United States Will Be Better Off in a Post-Unipolar World, 11/12/2010 Orbis, ScienceDirect
And yet, despite this material preeminence, the United States sees its political and
AND
how best to position itself in the "post-unipolar" world.

Multipolarity will arrive in two decades as other powers catch up to the US—transition to offshore balancing now is key to avoid unending cycles of warfare

Layne 9 
Christopher, Professor of Political Science at Texas A26M, Review of International Studies, "America’s Middle East grand strategy after Iraq: the moment for offshore balancing has arrived", 2009, p. asp
Some primacists believe that the US is immune to being counter-balanced because,
AND
– new great powers inevitably will emerge in the next decade or two. 

Offshore balancing now—unipolar moment is over

Preble 9— vice president for defense and foreign policy studies at the Cato Institute
Christopher, The Power Problem, p.167
For years, international relations scholars have stressed that the world would resist the emergence
AND
must solve the world’s problems, or even that these problems require solving.

Heg decline leads to softer stance on climate negotations

Kenny 11—senior fellow at the Center for Global Development, a Schwartz fellow at the New America Foundation
Charles, Three Cheers for Decline, 8/9/11, http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/08/09/three_cheers_for_decline
The end of Britain’s imperial ambitions allowed the country to abandon national service and just
AND
-plus years of not-so-bad power status to achieve.

Multilateral regime is key to solve warming—no turns because US response is inevitable, question of effectiveness

Gallarotti 10—Prof of Govt @Wesleyan
Giulio M., The Power Curse, p. 145
Multilateralism also appears…for other international greenhouse-gas regimes (McKinnon and Power 8; Assuncao 2003).
Multilateralism also appears superior to unilateralism in promoting environmentalism.  The Kyoto Protocol shows similar
AND
international greenhouse-gas regimes (McKinnon and Power 2008; Assuncao 2003).

extinction

Burkett 8 – Professor of Law
Maxine Burkett, Associate Professor, University of Colorado Law School, 2008, "Just Solutions to Climate Change: A Climate Justice Proposal for a Domestic Clean Development Mechanism," 56 Buffalo L. Rev. 169, Lexis
The unparalleled scale of impact the climate crisis has had, and will continue to
AND
adapt to warming as they struggle to moderate and cope with its consequences.

Peaceful transition – in context of Obama

Quinn 11 – Professor of Political Science and Int’l Studies
Adam, "The art of declining politely: Obama’s prudent presidency and the waning of American power," International Affairs, Volume 87, Issue 4, Wiley Online
As noted in the opening passages of this article, the narratives of America’s decline
AND
seems it is fortunate enough to have a president who fits the bill.

Hege prevents proliferation

Rosen 3—Prof of National Security and Military Affairs @ Harvard
Stephen. Professor of National Security and Military Affairs at Harvard University. An Empire, If you Can Keep It. The National Interest. Spring 2003.
Rather than wrestle with such difficult and unpleasant problems, the United States could give
AND
is not at all clear that the alternatives are that much more attractive.

That slows the pace of rapid balance shifts at the regional level and solves the outbreak and escalation of catastrophic war

Alagappa in ’8—Distinguished Senior Fellow @East-West Center
~Muthiah, Distinguished Senior Fellow at East-West Center, "Nuclear Weapons and National Security", in The Long Shadow: Nuclear Weapons and Security in 21st Century Asia, ed. M. Alagappa, 479-480~
Nuclear weapons cast a long shadow that informs in fundamental ways the strategic policies and
AND
a responsible manner and are experiencing rapid growth in other dimensions of power.

Also key to strategic stability and advances peace—incidence of wars decrease

Alagappa in ’8—-Distinguished Senior Fellow @East-West Center
~Muthiah, Distinguished Senior Fellow at East-West Center, "Exploring Roles", in The Long Shadow: Nuclear Weapons and Security in 21st Century Asia, ed. M. Alagappa, p. 100~
Small Nuclear Forces, Peace, and Stability. Building on the argument that small
AND
, will decrease the incidence of war among the new states as well.

Intel EU Sharing

A2: Impact—No Terrorism

No risk of terror attack—organizations weak

Zenko and Cohen 2013(Micah, Fellow in the Center for Preventive Action at the Council on Foreign Relations, and Michael, Fellow at the Century Foundation, March 14, "Clear and Present Safety", Foreign Affairs, Accessed from http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/content/clear-and-present-safety) 

None of this is meant to suggest that the United States faces no major challenges
AND
the intelligence and law enforcement agencies of the United States and its allies.

A2: Impact—No Nuclear Terror

No risk of nuclear terror

Mueller and Stewart 2012(John, Senior Research Scientist at the Mershon Center for International Security Studies and Adjunct Professor in the Department of Political Science at Ohio State University, Senior Fellow at the CATO institute, and Mark, Australian Research Council Professorial Fellow and Professor and Director at the Centre for Infrastructure Performance and Reliability at the University of Newcastle, Summer, "The Terrorism Delusion", International Security, Volume 37, Number 1, MUSE)

Over the course of time, such essentially delusionary thinking has been internalized and institutionalized
AND
and still is, just like virtually every other country in the world. 

No nuclear terrorism. If they haven’t done it with more power over 15 years, they won’t now.

Sigger, 10  (Jason, Defense Policy Analyst focusing on Chemical, Biological, Radiological and Nuclear Defense issues, "Terrorism Experts Can Be Alarmists, Too", http://armchairgeneralist.typepad.com/my_weblog/2010/01/terrorism-experts-can-be-alarmists-too-1.html)

You find the famous bin Laden 1998 quote about WMDs, references from George "
AND
claim that terrorists are coming straight at the United States with WMD capabilities. 

A2: Impact—No Lashout

Public won’t demand retaliation

Jenkins-Smith and Herron 2005 (Hank, Ph.D., Professor at the University of Oklahoma, and Kerry G., Professor at the University of Oklahoma,  "United States Public Response to Terrorism: Fault Lines or Bedrock?"  http://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=100026context=hjsmith-http://works.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=100026context=hjsmith)

Our final contrasting set of expectations relates to the degree to which the public will
AND
lines in times of crises, it remains securely anchored in bedrock beliefs.

Tournament: 2013babyjo | Round: 5 | Opponent: Kansas Getto-Peck | Judge: Elliott
The aff uses the social construction of the “United States Federal Government”—this entity does not exist—their recognition of the state forces them to ignore what they can do within the everyday as individuals while empowering capitalism making all of their impacts inevitable
Hallward in 2k3 (Peter, French Department @ Kings College, Badiou a Subject to Truth, p. 96-99, kdf)

The state is thus a kind of primordial response
AND
remain a philosophy written against the state.