Tournament: GSU | Round: 1 | Opponent: na | Judge: na

Plan

The United States federal government should statutorily clarify that its authorization to use force is for zones of active hostilities

Global Battlefield 1ac (8)

Advantage : Global Battlefield 

AUMF provides the legal authority for a global battlefield.  Obama’s internal restrictions are insufficient

Hafetz 13 – Lawyer with the National Security Project of the American Civil Liberties Union ~Jonathan Hafetz (Volunteers to assist Guantanamo captives to access the US Justice system), "War Without Strategy: America Still Doesn’t Have a Plan to Fight Terrorism," Boston Review, June 18, 2013, pg. http://www.bostonreview.net/world-books-ideas/war-without-strategy

But Mazzetti and Scahill highlight important operational continuities between the two administrations. The Obama
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process has begun, but there is still a long way to go. 

Others will seize on the AUMF’s expansive view of the battlefield to legitimize their own global wars

Roth 13 – Executive Director @ Human Rights Watch ~Kenneth Roth, " (JD from Yale University) The Law of Armed Conflict, the Use of Military Force, and the 2001 Authorization for Use of Military Force" " Statement to the Senate Armed Services Committee , May 16, 2013, pg. http://www.hrw.org/news/2013/05/16/us-statement-senate-armed-services-committee-aumf-targeted-killing-guantanamo

The Authorization for the Use of Military Force When it comes to our most basic
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Burma. AT: Executive CP: Lack legal clarity is the issue 

AUMF provides the playbook needed to justify their limitless wars.  We have a small window of opportunity to prevent this from happening

Brooks 13 - Professor of Law @ Georgetown University ~Rosa Brooks (Senior Fellow @ New America Foundation, Former Counselor to the Undersecretary of Defense for Policy @ Department of Defense, Former Special Coordinator for Rule of Law and Humanitarian Policy @ DOD and Recipient of the Secretary of Defense Medal for Outstanding Public Service), "The Constitutional and Counterterrorism Implications of Targeted Killing," Testimony Before the Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on the Constitution, Civil Rights, and Human Rights, US Committee on the Judiciary, April 23, 2013, pg. http://tinyurl.com/kfaf749
Defenders of administration targeted killing policy acknowledge that the criteria for determining how to answer
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AT: Exec CP – Normalize exceptional activities 26 look at legal justification

This precedent erodes norms on the use of force and pushes us into a "law of the jungle."   Clarifying the AUMF prevents drone conflicts from quickly spiraling into nuclear wars.

Boyle 13 – Professor of Political Science @ La Salle University ~Michael J. Boyle (Former Lecturer in International Relations and Research Fellow in the Centre for the Study of Terrorism and Political Violence @ University of St. Andrews), "The costs and consequences of drone warfare," International Affairs 89: 1 (2013) pg. 1–29
The race for drones An important, but overlooked, strategic consequence of the Obama
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pose a direct or imminent threat to the security of the United States.

Human survival hangs in the balance.  An international order governed by the "law of the jungle" terminally non-uniques all of their impacts

Weston 91 – Chair of the International and Comparative Law Program @ The University of Iowa ~Weston, Burns H., "Logic and Utility of a Lawful United States Foreign Policy," Transnational Law 26 Contemporary Problems, Vol. 1, Issue 1 (Spring 1991), pp. 1-14

George Will and others like him are right, of course, that the rhetoric
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historically unique moral responsibility. Pg. 4-13  AT: K

Clarifying the AUMF’s geographical scope restricts the use of the law of armed conflict and dials back US pursuit of an open-ended war

Brooks 13 - Professor of Law @ Georgetown University ~Rosa Brooks (Senior Fellow @ New America Foundation, Former Counselor to the Undersecretary of Defense for Policy @ Department of Defense, Former Special Coordinator for Rule of Law and Humanitarian Policy @ DOD and Recipient of the Secretary of Defense Medal for Outstanding Public Service), "The Law of Armed Conflict, the Use of Military Force, and the 2001 Authorization for Use of Military Force," Statement for the Record Submitted the Senate Committee on Armed Services, May 16, 2013, pg. http://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/cong/113

If the Administration’s use of force outside traditional battlefields is increasingly hard to justify under
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preclude any Congressional expansion of existing AUMF authorities. Pg. 10-14

Statutory distinction between zones of hostilities and elsewhere sets a standard and allows the US build an international consensus

Daskal 13 – Professor and Fellow in the Center on National Security and the Law
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Pennsylvania Law Review, Vol. 161, No. 5, April 2013
CONCLUSION Legal scholars, policy makers, and state actors are locked in a heated
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of doing so make it a worthwhile endeavor. Pg. 1233-1234

Statutory codification of this geographical distinction creates an international norm that deters drone wars

Zenko 13 – Fellow in the Center for Preventive Action @ Council on Foreign Relations ~Dr. Micah Zenko (PhD in political science from Brandeis University), "Reforming U.S. Drone Strike Policies," Council on Foreign Relations, Council Special Report No. 65, January 2013

History shows that how states adopt and use new military capabilities is often influenced by
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force against the United States and its allies.  Pg. 22-25

Europe Advantage (13)

Advantage _:  Europe  

Statutory distinction between active hostilities and elsewhere prevents a decline in US-European relations

Daskal 12 – Professor and Fellow in the Center on National Security and the Law @ Georgetown University Law Center ~Jennifer C. Daskal (Former counsel to the Assistant Attorney General for National Security @ Department of Justice (DOJ). Served on the joint Attorney General and Secretary of Defense-led Detention Policy Task Force and provided legal advice on detention, surveillance, and interrogation practice. Former senior counterterrorism counsel @ Human Rights Watch. JD from Harvard University), "The Geography of the Battlefield: A Framework for Detention and Targeting Outside the ’Hot’ Conflict Zone," University of Pennsylvania Law Review, Vol. 161, May 2012, pg. http://ssrn.com/abstract=2049532

Dating back to 2006, the United States has, at least implicitly and as
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applicable human rights and domestic law enforcement norms. Pg. 25-28

The transatlantic partnership is at risk.  All negotiations will be poisoned by the EU’s use of them to challenge the legal basis of US non-battlefield strikes

Yachot 13 - Communications Strategist @ American Civil Liberties Union ~Noa Yachot, "European Parliament Members Speak Out Against U.S. Targeted Killing Program," American Civil Liberties Union, 03/07/2013 at 1:47pm, pg. https://www.aclu.org/blog/national-security/european-parliament-members-speak-out-against-us-targeted-killing-program~~

In a sign of the growing international concern over the U.S. targeted
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-term national security, and friendships with allies are all at stake.

T-TIP is unique vulnerable.  EU concerns about US counterterror strategy will get drawn into the negotiations

Levanti 13 – Masters in European Public Affairs @ Maastricht University ~Natasha Marie Levanti , "The Transatlantic Journey – TTIP 26 Cautious Optimism," Bursting the Bubble, 2 September 2013, pg. http://www.europeanpublicaffairs.eu/the-transatlantic-journey-ttip-cautious-optimism/

Transatlantic economic cooperation has been something on the minds of those on both sides of
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part, some of the reasoning behind recent developments in those two sectors.

AND, T-TIP will be the launching pad for an effective multilateral solutions to food insecurity and carbon emissions

Benson 13 - Intern at the Streit Council  ~Johann Benson (Master’s degree in public policy at the University of Minnesota’s Humphrey School of Public Affairs), "Toward a Transatlantic Free Trade Agreement: What Impact on World Trade?," Streit Talk, July 26, 2013 pg. http://blog.streitcouncil.org/?tag=ttip

With negotiations now officially underway, the proposed Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP
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the TTIP could provide a launching pad to address these and other issues.

Only a multilateral response can slow the rate of climate change.  Economic concerns will collapse the the Kyoto framework

CFR 13 ~Council on Foreign Relations, "The Global Climate Change Regime,"Issue Brief, Release Date Last Updated: June 19, 2013, pg. http://www.cfr.org/climate-change/global-climate-change-regime/p21831

Scope of the Challenge
Climate change is one of the most significant threats facing the world today. According
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agenda for the COP-18, scheduled for November 2012 in Qatar.

Binding global agreement prevents us from going over the climate cliff.  It is not too late

Davenport 13 - Energy and environment correspondent for National Journal ~Coral Davenport (Former fellow with the Metcalf Institute for Marine and Environmental Reporting), "It’s Already Too Late to Stop Climate Change," The National Journal, Updated: May 30, 2013 | 12:16 a.m., Originally posted November 29, 2012 | 12:58 p.m. pg. http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/it-s-already-too-late-to-stop-climate-change-20121129
It also means that nations—first and foremost, the world’s two biggest polluters
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need to have a new U.S. climate law in hand.

Failure risks a planetary die-off – Geologic history is on our side

Bushnell 10 - Chief scientist at the NASA Langley Research Center ~Dennis Bushnell (MS in mechanical engineering. He won the Lawrence A. Sperry Award, AIAA Fluid and Plasma Dynamics Award, the AIAA Dryden Lectureship, and is the recipient of many NASA Medals for outstanding Scientific Achievement and Leadership.) "Conquering Climate Change," The Futurist, May-June, 2010

Carbon-dioxide levels are now greater than at any time in the past 650
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forecasts sound, they’re actually conservative. Pg. 7-8 1ac

AND, US-EU coop solves all.  Ignoring European concerns forces it to act as acounterweight.

Stivachtis 10 – Director of International Studies Program @ Virginia Polytechnic Institute 26 State University ~Dr. Yannis. A. Stivachtis (Professor of Poli Sci 26 Ph.D. in Politics 26 International Relations from Lancaster University), THE IMPERATIVE FOR TRANSATLANTIC COOPERATION," The Research Institute for European and American Studies, 2010,  pg. http://www.rieas.gr/research-areas/global-issues/transatlantic-studies/78.html~~

There is no doubt that US-European relations are in a period of transition
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force Europe to conclude that the costs of continued alliance outweigh its benefits.

AND, statutory codification of Obama’s policy solves.   Failure allows the issue to quickly fester and undermine relations

Dworkin 13 - Senior policy fellow @ European Council on Foreign Relations ~Anthony Dworkin (Web editor of the Crimes of War Project which a site dedicated to raising public awareness of the laws of war), "Actually, drones worry Europe more than spying," CNN’s Global Public Square, July 17th, 2013, 10:31 AM ET, pg.  http://globalpublicsquare.blogs.cnn.com/2013/07/17/actually-drones-worry-europe-more-than-spying/

Relations between the United States and Europe hit a low point following revelations that Washington
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the administration could take to make an agreement with European countries more likely.

Constraint on authority reduces friction with Europe

Daskal 13 – Professor and Fellow in the Center on National Security and the Law
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Pennsylvania Law Review, Vol. 161, No. 5, April 2013

One might be skeptical that a nation like the United States would ever accept such
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United States would have little ground to object.  Pg. 1231-1232