Tournament: Neregional | Round: 4 | Opponent: Binghamton Warren-Lesnewski | Judge: Patrice
The affirmative is just a TOPOGRAPHICAL REARRANGEMENT of power, when we need a critique of the entire order that makes the state of exception possible
AGAMBEN 2005 (Giorgio, Baruch Spinoza Chair and professor of philosophy at the European Graduate School in  Saas-Fee, Switzerland, prof at the U of Verona, Italy, and has taught at the College International de Philosophie in Paris, and the U of Macerata in Italy, has also taught at UC Berkeley and Northwestern. Translated by Kevin Attell. State of Exception, p. 19-24)AR SPR
     The place—both logical and pragmatic—of a theory... state of exception presents itself essentially as a dispute over its proper locus.

The logos of the state order is to regulate all life as if law exhausts the horizon of possibility. The affirmative just shuffles war powers around within this order. It’s the wrong focus with TWO IMPLICATIONS
a) sets them up for POLICY FAILURE.
AGAMBEN 1998 (Giorgio, Baruch Spinoza Chair and professor of philosophy at the European Graduate School in  Saas-Fee, Switzerland, prof at the U of Verona, Italy, and has taught at the College International de Philosophie in Paris, and the U of Macerata in Italy, has also taught at UC Berkeley and Northwestern. Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life. First published 1995, trans. Daniel Heller-Roazen., p. 11-12)AR SPR
     Carl Schmitt's definition of sovereignty… our century have been shipwrecked
b) locks them into BIOPOLITICAL VIOLENCE. 

AGAMBEN 1998 (Giorgio, Baruch Spinoza Chair and professor of philosophy at the European Graduate School in  Saas-Fee, Switzerland, prof at the U of Verona, Italy, and has taught at the College International de Philosophie in Paris, and the U of Macerata in Italy, has also taught at UC Berkeley and Northwestern. Homo Sacer: Sovereign Power and Bare Life. First published 1995, trans. Daniel Heller-Roazen., p. 147-148)AR SPR

     4.2. A few years earlier, Verschuer… life becomes sacred and all politics becomes the exception.
A negative ballot embraces FORM-OF-LIFE as our proper impropriety, beyond the logos of state sovereignty
MILLS 2008  
(Catherine, PhD Australian Nat. University,lecturer atthe University of Sydney and Monash University. The Philosophy of Agamben, p. 75-77)AR SPR
In this light, it becomes evident… will be pursued over the next two chapters.

Tournament: Neregional | Round: 4 | Opponent: Binghamton Warren-Lesnewski | Judge: Patrice
Framework
INTERPRETATION –
“Resolved” implies a policy or legislative decision
PARCHER 2001 -  (Jeff Parcher, former debate coach at Georgetown, Feb 2001 http://www.ndtceda.com/archives/200102/0790.html)
Pardon me if I turn to a source... statement be adopted or not. 

The agent of the resolution is the United States Federal Government
“Should” means “shall” or “must” – the aff  is required to defend implementation
NIETO 2009 --- (Judge Henry Nieto, Colorado Court of Appeals, 8-20-2009 People v. Munoz, 240 P.3d 311 (Colo. Ct. App. 2009)
"Should" is "used . . parents' federal tax exemption to be mandatory).
VIOLATION - The aff must defend the hypothetical implementation of a topical plan enacted by the USFG. They do not do this. They do not try to do this.
STANDARDS - 

1. DELIBERATION: predictably switching sides with the resolution as the pivot within the game space is key. This is the internal link to two impacts:
   a) Trains PORTABLE SKILLS for policymaking, solving social harms. Challenging sedimented beliefs leads to stronger advocacy – empirically demonstrated. It’s better than the dogma of their decisionism.
   MITCHELL 2010 (Gordon, associate professor and director of graduate studies in the dpt. of communication at the University of Pittsburgh, “Switch-Side Debating Meets Demand-Driven Rhetoric of Science”, Rhetoric and Public Affairs, 13.1, p.106-108)AR
   The preceding analysis… generative aspect of rhetorical practice, a key element of the Sophistical tradition.62
   b) Generates PRODUCTIVE EDUCATION. Clashing over a targeted area of argument yields more truth outcomes. Complying with the implicit contract of debate is better than having two ships passing in the night.
   HARRIGAN 2008 (Casey, associate director of debate at UGA, M.A. in communication at Wake Forest University, “A Defense of Switch Side Debate,” A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Wake Forest University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Communication, May, retrieved from http://wakespace.lib.wfu.edu/bitstream/handle/10339/14746/harrigancd_05_2008.pdf;jsessionid= 556116414E4A9F4187AE B73A3954CB9F?sequence=1, p. 52-53)AR
   A second exception to the rule… by the framework for discussion.
   2. LIMITS: advancing a topical plan and thus protecting the negative is key. This is the internal link to two impacts
   a) It’s a PRECONDITION FOR DEBATE to occur. Delimiting the content of our debates establishes ground and shared understanding. They make debate meaningless.
   SHIVELY 2000 (Ruth Lessl y, former assistant professor of political science, Texas AandM university,  “Political Theory and the Postmodern Politics of Ambiguity” , in eds Edward Bryan Portis , prof political science Texas AandM university; Adolf Gundersen, former associate professor Texas AandM, and Ruth Shiveley:  Political Theory and Partisan Politics, p. 181-182)AR
   The requirements given thus… contestation rests on  some basic agreement or harmony.
   b) It preserves RESEARCH-BASED EDUCATION. Affirmation by assertion instead of as part of a dialogue is limitless and inherently evasive. We learn best when we interact within an agreed-upon domain.
   HANGHOJ 2008 (Thorkild, MSc in Cultural Studies, PhD, assistant professor at the Research Program for Media and ICT in a Learning Perspective at the Danish School of Education, University of Aarhus: His key field of research is the design and use of games in school contexts, especially in relation to game-based teacher roles. Playful Knowledge: An Explorative Study of Educational Gaming, PhD dissertation, Institute of Literature, Media and Cultural Studies, University of Southern Denmark, p. 50-51)AR
   Debate games are often based… the most important goal,  should be dialogue as an end in itself” (Wegerif, 2006: 61).
   VOTING ISSUE – reject the aff. Their presentation is incompatible with debate and destroys the productive, educational, and fair potential of debate

Tournament: Neregional | Round: 4 | Opponent: Binghamton Warren-Lesnewski | Judge: Patrice
(UNIQUENESS) We’re on the brink – the house bill is setting up a fiscal showdown in the status quo
WEISMAN and PARKER 9/20/2013
(Jonathan and Ashley, staff writers, “House Passes Spending Bill that Would Cut Health Funds”, http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/21/us/politics/house-spending-bill.html?_r=0)//AR BING
WASHINGTON — House Republicans pushed… federal debt could follow weeks later.
(LINK) Obama needs all of his focus to broker compromises on the budget
INVIGLIO  9/20/2013 (Daniel, staff writer @ Reuters specializing in Washington DC based issues, former, associate editor for the Atlantic,  “Capitol Misallocation” http://www.breakingviews.com/activist-would-contest-obamas-capital-allocation/21108651.article  )MW BING
If Barack Obama were the chief… economic risks make this an area demanding far more presidential attention.
(INTERNAL LINK) Shutdown destroys the economy
YI WU 2013 (8/27, “Government Shutdown 2013: Still a Terrible Idea,” PolicyMic,http://www.policymic.com/articles/60837/government-shutdown-2013-still-a-terrible-idea)//AR BING
Around a third of House Republicans… cancellation of the entire health care reform enacted a year before.
(IMPACT) This Causes global nuclear war
HARRIS and BURROWS 2009 (PhD European History @ Cambridge, counselor of the U.S. National Intelligence Council (NIC) and Jennifer, member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit “Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis”http:www.ciaonet.org/journals/twq/v32i2/f_0016178_13952.pdf)AR BING
Of course, the report encompasses… difficult both within and between states in a more dog-eat-dog world.

Tournament: NE Regional Opener | Round: Quarters | Opponent: GMU GG | Judge: Patrice
The House will pass a budget bill
National Review Online 9/19/13 ("The Corner, Lowry: House Will Pass Clean Debt Limit Raise")
The effort to use the debt ceiling as … passed in a clean version,” Lowry said. 

-- Democrats are confident that the House will raise the debt ceiling now – high level statements prove
Bolton 9/14/13 (Alexander, Writer for the Hill, "Confident Democrats Want Separate Showdowns on Shutdown and Debt Limit")
¶ Senate Democrats want to have separate … confident they will win showdowns on both issues. 

Some House Republicans want to bundle the question of setting federal funding levels and raising the debt limit into one vote but a senior Senate Democrat has rejected that possibility.
¶ Senate Democratic Whip Dick Durbin (D-Ill.) said repeatedly … shouldn’t be playing havoc with the markets.”¶ 

Their cyber war policy causes conflict between the executive and congress

Dycus 10 (Stephen, Professor, Vermont Law School, “Congress’s Role in Cyber Warfare”, http://jnslp.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/11_Dycus.pdf, ZBurdette)

In his celebrated concurring opinion in The Steel Seizure Case… entirely the endless turf battles among federal agencies and

Failure to raise the debt ceiling has economic ripple effects – investor uncertainty
Masters 13 (Jonathan, Deputy Editor at the Council on Foreign Relations, Backgrounder, jan 2 2013"US Debt Ceiling. Costs and Consequences")
Most economists, including those in the White House … financial markets, with adverse effects on the economy."

Economic collapse kills hegemony
Pietroburgo 9 (Anthony, Political Scientist, “The End of American Hegemony,” April 10http:ezinearticles.com/?The-End-of-American-Hegemonyandid=2207395: Ad 7-6-9)
However we can learn from past hegemonic states, … upon a contemptuous American hegemon are too similar for coincidence. It took the disaster of WWI to finally destabilize.

Tournament: NE Regional Opener | Round: Quarters | Opponent: GMU GG | Judge: Patrice
THE MISTAKE

1. The affirmative assumes “war” as an object. By adjusting, allocating, decreasing or – in whatever form – restricting powers of war they presume to know what war IS.  This is a conceptual confusion – they lack an ONTOLOGY of war.  
   BARKAWI and BRIGHTON 2011  (Tarak, was at the university of Cambridge for ten years, professor at the New School as of 2012. Tarak specializes in war and conflict studies, including critical war studies, and has been an advisor to both U.S. and UK armed forces.  Shane Brighton is a lecturer in International Relations at the University of Sussex. “Powers of War: Fighting, Knowledge, and Critique.” International Political Sociology 5, p. 127)AR
   There is little in social life not touched by war, … activity both disrupts settled narratives and drives their remaking.

2. They don’t access a meaning for war, and they CAN’T. War cannot be found, it eludes your grasp. Our geneaology of war shows that war has been MEDIATED for centuries and your verbal speech about war repeats meaningless SPECTATORSHIP .
MIESZKOWSKI 2012 (Jan, professor of the humanities and German, Reed College in Oregon, PhD from Johns Hopkins. Jan also wrote Labors of Imagination: Aesthetics and Political Economy from Kant to Althusser. And over 20 journal articles. Jan has taught courses on critical theory and the languages of war. Watching War. Stanford University press, p. 1-5)AR
At the opening of Michelangelo Antonioni's 1975 The Passenger, … give free rein to their  fantasies about what war was like.

IMPLICATIONS

1. We problematize a fundamental assumption on which their advocacy is predicated. They cannot make sense of their case - it falls like a house of cards. 

BARKAWI and BRIGHTON 2011  (Tarak, was at the university of Cambridge for ten years, professor at the New School as of 2012. Tarak specializes in war and conflict studies, including critical war studies, and has been an advisor to both U.S. and UK armed forces.  Shane Brighton is a lecturer in International Relations at the University of Sussex. “Powers of War: Fighting, Knowledge, and Critique.” International Political Sociology 5, p. 133-134)AR

The Ontology of War. Suggesting the absence of war … because we take it to be an event of ontological significance for politics and society as such.

2. Their mediated representations of war perpetuate  totalizing violence. 

MIESZKOWSKI 2012 (Jan, professor of the humanities and German, Reed College in Oregon, PhD from Johns Hopkins. Jan also wrote Labors of Imagination: Aesthetics and Political Economy from Kant to Althusser. And over 20 journal articles. Jan has taught courses on critical theory and the languages of war. Watching War. Stanford University press, p. 144-146)AR

 In a recent American newspaper cartoon, three generals … force of its abstractions as through the accuracy of its bullets and missiles.