Tournament: UMKC | Round: 2 | Opponent: Weber TS | Judge: Ryan Wash

Their argument is rooted in theory for the sake of theory—resulting in paralysis, depoliticization, and violence against animals

Best 2009 (Steve ~Associate prof of philosophy @ UT El Paso~; The Rise of Critical Animal Studies: Putting Theory into action and Animal Liberation into Higher Education; www.stateofnature.org/?p=5903; kdf)
¶ To be perfectly clear, my position is not anti-theory, for
AND
alienated detachment, as the disease of intellectualism spreads from generation to generation.

This makes extinction inevitable

Best et al 2007 (Steven Best, Anthony J. Nocella, II, Richard Kahn, Carol Gigliotti, and Lisa Kemmerer, Introducing Critical Animal Studies, VOLUME V, ISSUE I,http://www.criticalanimalstudies.org/wp-content/uploads/2009/09/Introducing-Critical-Animal-Studies-2007.pdf)**

The aim of the Institute for Critical Animal Studies (ICAS) is to provide
AND
, and resource scarcity, to which animal agriculture is a prime contributor.

Your ethical imperative is Political Scholarship and Speech Against the Oppression Of Humanism. This

Rather than produce the slaughterhouse of a so-called "radical" and more perfect humanity, vote negative to disrupt and revolutionize your humanist identity

Best No Date ~Steven, Chair of Philosophy at UT-EP, "Animal Rights and the New Enlightenment", ~ 

Western society has made rapid moral progress since the 1960s. The student, black
AND
the structures of power, to shake them until new social arrangements emerge.

Tournament: UMKC | Round: 6 | Opponent: Kansas RG | Judge: Jason Russell
The United States Congress should statutorily restrict the President’s authority to introduce weapons into space with the Treaty on Prevention of the Placement of Weapons in Outer Space and of the Threat or Use of Force against Outer Space Objects that are not asteroids.====

We need space weapons to take out asteroids

Messier 2013 (Douglas; Nuking Dangerous Asteroids Might be the best protection, expert says; May 29; www.space.com/21333-asteroid-nuke-spacecraft-mission.html; kdf)
If a dangerous asteroid appears to be on a collision course for Earth, one
AND
the crater after the vehicle impacted. ~Gallery: Potentially Dangerous Asteroids~

That causes extinction

- site was developed by the Space Science Institute with funding from NASA and the National Science Foundation
KillerAsteroids no date (Impact Earth; www.killerasteroids.org/impact.php; kdf)
The Spaceguard Survey is an attempt to locate and track as many near-Earth
AND
out our risk game and see how those odds compare to other risks.

Tournament: UMKC | Round: 2 | Opponent: Weber TS | Judge: Ryan Wash
Their identification of cultures are oppressed because of capitalism’s massive inequalities. We shouldn’t try to resolve the conflict between globalization and local autonomy but embrace it as a symptom of the collapse.====
Chris H., Lewis, Instructor, Sewall Academic Program @ CU Boulder, 2002 "Global Industrial Civilization: The Necessary Collapse", On the Edge of Scarcity ed. M. Dobkowski 26 I. Wallimann, Syracuse U. Press, p.22-23
Indeed, most people in the world are living on the margins of devel¬opment.
AND
which the reader should now under¬stand will cause only more poverty and underdevelopment.

Capitalism’s naturalization of the process of subjugation creates social exclusion on a global scale – the ultimate ethico-political responsibility is to challenge the foundations of this system’s organization principles. This makes reaching the Universal impossible.

Zizek and Daly 2004 (Slavoj and Glyn, Conversations with Zizek, 14-6)

For Zizek it is imperative that we cut through this Gord¬ian knot of
AND
the principles of global liberal capitalism. This requires some care and subtlety.
For far too long, Marxism has been bedevilled by an almost fetishistic economism that
AND
economism can end up reinforcing a de facto economic necessity in respect of contemporary
This is not to endorse any kind of retrograde return to economism. Zizek’s point
AND
were simply a matter of chance and sound judgment in a neutral marketplace.
Capitalism does indeed create a space for a certain diversity, at least for the
AND
political boutiquism that is readily sustained by postmodern forms of consumerism and lifestyle.
Against this Zizek argues for a new universalism whose primary ethical directive is to confront
AND
the abject Other to that of a ’glitch’ in an otherwise sound matrix.

Thus the alternative: Vote Negative to do nothing

Particularized demands in today’s capitalism ensure that things change so that the totality remains the same – no demand is performed against a neutral ideological background. The only way to open up space for a new kind of activity beyond merely "global capitalism with a human face" is to renounce facile calls to direct action.

Zizek 2004 Slavoj, Senior Researcher at the Institute for Social Studies in Ljubljana, Iraq: The Borrowed Kettle,
p. 71-74

The stance of simply condemning the postmodern Left for its accommodation, however, is
AND
what the Third Way is – or, rather, was – about).

Tournament: UNT | Round: 2 | Opponent: K-State JS | Judge: Justin Stanley
Interpretation- the affirmative must provide an advocacy the details what should be done and how we as individuals in the debate can achieve those goals.

Reasons to Prefer
Education- Failure to provide a means for us to achieve the goals of the affirmative makes the educational benefits of debate impossible- we must understand our own dispositions in the face of the affirmative claims
McKean 13 Disposing Individuals to Solidarity in the Theory and Practice of Global Justice Benjamin McKean Ohio State University (OSU) - Department of Political Science; University of Chicago Society of Fellows 2013 APSA 2013 Annual Meeting Paper https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2301280, mmm/uco
Recall that this paper is exploring an answer to a particular practical question – what
AND
this way than can some of the main strands of global justice thinking.

The impact is error replication
McKean 13 Disposing Individuals to Solidarity in the Theory and Practice of Global Justice Benjamin McKean Ohio State University (OSU) - Department of Political Science; University of Chicago Society of Fellows 2013 APSA 2013 Annual Meeting Paper https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2301280, mmm/uco
Resentment at the feeling that one’s own interests are being marginalized is unlikely to motivate
AND
result guides political action in a way that thwarts its own good intentions.

And ground- how we orient ourselves to the aff is key to understanding strategies to achieve the goals of the affirmative. It is not enough to say what should be done, but how can we make that possible. The way to evaluate if the aff is a good idea or not can only be achieved if we understand how it achieves some form of praxis.

Tournament: CSU Chico | Round: 1 | Opponent: Pepperdine ER | Judge: Izak Dunn
A. Interpretation-The affirmative must defend the 2013-2014 resolution NDT/Ceda resolution as chosen and voted on for by the community.
b. violation the affirmative chooses to defend the definitions resolution, instead of the resolution ultimately selected

c. standards
 a. Ground- We can’t prepare for a resolution that no one has been debating all year, and wasn’t ultimately selected.  This creates an unfair burden on the negative who would have to research every topic that was on the original ballot for consideration.  The Aff would always win debates because they could just pick an obscure aff on a topic that wasn’t voted for.

 b.  Education- not only do we not gain topic education about presidential war powers, but we also don’t even get education about the definitions topic because they don’t defend a plan on that topic either, just that it should have been the topic.  This is a voter, they should have some sort of plan or advocacy statement that is actually debatable, it’s the only way to gain the critical advocacy skills their affirmative talks about.
 c. Limits-they under limit any debater who wasn’t happy with the choice of the resolution could debate on any resolution they wanted meaning even if the definitions had been chosen their aff justifies a policy team choosing to read an aff about the war powers topic regardless,  that’s a reason you can vote neg on presumption

Tournament: UMKC | Round: 2 | Opponent: Weber TS | Judge: Ryan Wash
Their silence is strategic – the AFF fails to consider Native America because doing so would force a confrontation with a colonial history that undermines their ostensibly progressive agenda. America’s very existence is contingent upon a continuing legacy of colonization and genocide.====
Churchill 96 ~Ward, professor of ethnic studies at the University of Colorado at Boulder from 1990 to 2007, From a Native Son: Selected Essays in Indigenism, 1985-1995, p 520-525~  myost
I’ll debunk some of this nonsense in a moment, but first I want to
AND
, sexist, classist, homophobic, militaristic order on non-Indians.

This relationship towards Native America is not harmless; colonization endangers any context for an ethical relationship to the planet and places us on the path of collective suicide – expanding the limits of knowledge is necessary for any ethical relationship to the planet.

Friedberg 0 ~Lilian, bilingual published author and political activist with a master’s degree in the humanities from the University of Chicago and a doctoral candidate in Germanic Studies at the University of Illinois at Chicago, "Dare to Compare: Americanizing the Holocaust," American Indian Quarterly 24.3 (Summer 2000): 353-380, project muse~
Giorgio Agamben has argued against the use of the term Holocaust as a descriptor for
AND
echoes and rings true for the three million survivors of the American Holocaust.

The alternative is to embrace a decolonial pedagogy as a first priority. In order for liberation to occur, we must start with the decolonizing of our own minds. Our call to return the land jumpstarts resistance—any form of social change is impossible in a world in which we allow for the colonization of Natives to continue.

Churchill 96 ~Ward, professor of ethnic studies at the University of Colorado at Boulder from 1990 to 2007, From a Native Son: Selected Essays in Indigenism, 1985-1995, p 84-89~  myost
The question which inevitably arises with regard to indigenous land claims, especially in the
AND
"impossible realism." Isn’t it time we all worked on attaining it?

Role of the ballot: this space is an opportunity to deploy Red Pedagogy, a praxis which foregrounds Native intellectualism. Red Pedagogy allows us to create a decolonized space. Vote for the team which best activates indigenous political agency.

Grande 8 ~Sandy, Associate Professor of Education at Connecticut College, "Red Pedagogy: The Un-Methodology," Handbook of Critical and Indigenous Methodologies, eds. Norman K. Denzin, Yvonna S. Lincoln, and Linda Tuhiwai Smith, p 249-250~
From the standpoint of Red pedagogy, the primary lesson in all of this is
AND
soul of America, so too does the more hopeful spirit of indigeneity.

Tournament: UMKC | Round: 3 | Opponent: Kansas KS | Judge: Matt Munday
Their focus on Guantanamo disavows the law for the rights violations, ensuring the inevitability of detention and the impacts of racism and classism====
-The trials are rigged to ensure that the federal government wins
-Current approaches to Gitmo are through enemy construction—aff allows the federal government to be "unreviewable"
-Focus on Gitmo overshadows rights violations that all Muslims face
-Tautology of National Security
-Calls for due process obscure rights violations
Rovner and Theoharis 2012 (Laura ~Ronald V. Yegge Director of Clinical Programs
AND

61 Am. U.L. Rev. 1331; kdf)
The very definition of justice in federal terrorism prosecutions has been inextricably linked to conviction
AND
investigation of due process and other rights issues in these federal cases. n32

Their desire to be bound by law leads to an uncritical acceptance of authoritarianism justifying the worse abuses of authority because we seek to please authority by carrying out their commands

Henderson, Prof of Law @ Indiana University School of Law, 1991
(Lynne, 66 Ind. L.J. 379, Lexis) KF

The argument for uncritical acceptance of authority can quickly lead to more severe forms of
AND
Chile, or communist dictatorships such as the Romanian regime of Ceausecu. 73-http://www.lexis.com/research/retrieve?_m=1d8a4fae29472330ac52c8e27d0b608426csvc=bl26cform=2758.-226_fmtstr=FULL26docnum=126_startdoc=126wchp=dGLzVlz-zSkAl26_md5=7b3e14b4f122accd0c40cb9cca651def

Our alternative is to reject the affirmatives use of law. Suspending the obsessive desire to practice law creates space for an examination of the way in which the law operates. Only this examination can produce the conditions to solve the current arrested development in law.

Smith et al 1999 (Steven, Robert and Marion Short ~Professor, Notre Dame Law School~. 40 B.C. L. Rev 1041; kdf)
A similar re-examination seems called for at the present time in law.
AND
law, as it really operates, relates to what we really believe.

Tournament: Wake | Round: 3 | Opponent: UMKC JW | Judge: Philip Dipiazza
The United States federal government should statutorily refuse the war powers authority of the President of the United States to engage in peacekeeping operations except for the peacekeeping operations in Haiti.

Peace keeping operations in Haiti solves structural violence
United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti 2013 (Minustah; Apr 11; www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/missions/minustah/; kdf)
The United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) was established on 1 June 2004 by Security Council resolution 1542 PDF Document. The UN mission succeeded a Multinational Interim Force (MIF) authorized by the Security Council in February 2004 after President Bertrand Aristide departed Haiti for exile in the aftermath of an armed conflict which spread to several cities across the country.

The devastating earthquake of 12 January 2010, which resulted in more than 220,
AND
in the effort to contain and treat the cholera outbreak of October 2010.

Tournament: UCO | Round: 3 | Opponent: Wichita State DS | Judge: Justin Stanley
The Chief Judges of the federal appeals courts should select one judge for the court established to review authorization over targeted killings. 

Normal means involves Roberts choosing who is on the Court—only the CP can provide a myriad of opinions
NYT 2013 (More Independence for the FISA Court; 7/28; www.nytimes.com/2013/07/29/opinion/more-independence-for-the-fisa-court.html; kdf)
There are so many deeply troubling things about the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court that it
AND
are making secret law should not rest in the hands of one man.

Tournament: UCO | Round: 1 | Opponent: Baylor BE | Judge: Phil Samuels
The affirmative’s rhetoric guarantees destabilization with China and a cyber-arms race—turns the aff
Schneier 2013 (Bruce internationally renowned security technologist, called a "security guru" by The Economist; Rhetoric of Cyber War Breeds Fear-And more cyber war; Mar 14;  https://www.schneier.com/essay-421.html; kdf)

Attacks from China¶ If you have been paying attention to the press recently,
AND
other side does the same and the result is both dangerous and destabilising.

The affirmative’s rhetoric is rooted in fear for the sake of capitalism—there is no impact to the aff and only a risk of our turns
Ranum 2010 (Marcus expert on security system design; Cyberwar Rhetoric is scarier than threat of foreign attack; Mar 29; www.usnews.com/opinion/articles/2010/03/29/cyberwar-rhetoric-is-scarier-than-threat-of-foreign-attack; kdf)
I've worked on information security for more than 20 years, and during that time
AND
We're business partners, we're competitors, and there's money to be made!

Tournament: Wake | Round: 3 | Opponent: UMKC JW | Judge: Philip Dipiazza
The affirmative is grounded in the same liberalism they critique, all the while they rule out the possibility of self-misrecognition, ruining any description they have of colonialism. This makes language unnecessary, which causes assimilation and anti-politics
Cistelecan 2011 (Alexandru; Center for Ethics and Global Politics LUISS U Rome; Which Critique of Human Rights? Evaluating post-colonialist and the post-Althusserian alternatives; International Journal of Zizek Studies; Vol 5; No 1; kdf)
However, what is common in all these three approaches to human rights is the
AND
reduction or protection is itself productive of political subjects and political possibilities’ 27.

The affirmative’s fetishization of the global south causes their movement to collapse upon itself, giving way to anti-politics, militarism and fundamentalism
Cistelecan 2011 (Alexandru; Center for Ethics and Global Politics LUISS U Rome; Which Critique of Human Rights? Evaluating post-colonialist and the post-Althusserian alternatives; International Journal of Zizek Studies; Vol 5; No 1; kdf)

Now, to get back to our starting point, it appears that what the
AND
which consists in the very non-identity with itself of the particular. 

The affirmative isn’t radical, it is just an excuse for inaction—vote negative to reject their pedagogy
Coles 2013 (Romand McAllister Chair and Director of the Program for Community, Culture, and Environment at Northern Arizona University; “It’s the ‘We’, Stupid”, or Reflections toward an Ecology of Radical Democratic Theory and Practice;  Theory and Event  Volume 16, Issue 1, 2013; kdf)
Consider the institutions and practices called “higher education” in which we find ourselves
AND
and habits of enclosure are likely to engender devitalized thought and truncated imagination.

Tournament: UCO | Round: 3 | Opponent: Wichita State DS | Judge: Justin Stanley
Demonization of North Korea is rooted in a Cold War ideology that necessitates the creation of an external threat to sustain our identity and international order
Bleiker 3 Roland, Professor of International Relations at the University of Queensland, Australia, “A rogue is a rogue is a rogue: US foreign policy and the Korean nuclear crisis,” International Affairs (July) 79.4: 719-737  myost
The conflict pattern had been set long before the latest crisis unfolded. Several scholars
AND
the ante and admitted to a nuclear weapons programme, fictive or not.

Tournament: UCO | Round: 1 | Opponent: Baylor BE | Judge: Phil Samuels
A) Their view of China is driven by racist colonial desire not objective knowledge.
Pan 2012 (Chengxin, Senior Lecturer in International Relations, Deakin University, Australia, Knowledge, Desire and Power in Global Politics, Western Representations of China’s Rise Pg 15-16, Vance)

Yet objective certainty, however desirable or precisely because it is desirable, is an
AND
) fears and fantasies accompanying the Western modern desire and self-imagination.

This is an independent reason to vote negativve
LIU 2005
(Henry C.K., Pres. Investment Group, Asia Times, Aug 20, “Trade wars can lead to shooting wars,”
http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Global_Economy/GH20Dj01.html)

The fear of China by the US dates back to almost two centuries of racial
AND
trends of socio-economic Darwinism now need to be stopped by war.

Tournament: UMKC | Round: 3 | Opponent: Kansas KS | Judge: Matt Munday
====Obama’s push ensures compromise to avoid default ====
Kuhnenhenn 9/8
Jim, "Issues test Obama’s persuasion, mobilizing skills", http://www.salon.com/2013/09/08/issues_test_obamas_persuasion_mobilizing_skills/,  

Win or lose, Obama and lawmakers then would run headlong into a debate over
AND
. Donohue pledged to find primary challengers against lawmakers who threaten a default.

Plan costs political capital—prevents CIR from passing

-Boston bombings changed the political dynamic
-Obama needs a galvanized party to pass DEBT , plan fragments
The New Zealand Herald 2013 (Obama vows again to close prison at Guantanamo Bay; May 1; kdf)
Despite Obama’s pledge to make another run at closing Guantanamo, the president was vague
AND
as an enemy combatant like the Guantanamo detainees, despite his American citizenship.

Failure to raise the debt ceiling ensures collapse of the global economy, U.S. economic leadership, and free trade

Davidson 9/10 (Adam, co-founder of NPR’s "Planet Money," a podcast and blog, "Our Debt to Society", http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/15/magazine/our-debt-to-society.html?pagewanted=alland_r=0, kdf)

If the debt ceiling isn’t lifted again this fall, some serious financial decisions will
AND
free asset more risky, the entire global economy becomes riskier and costlier.

Economic decline leads to multiple scenarios for nuclear war

Burrows and Harris ’09 (Mathew J. Burrows, counselor in the National Intelligence Council, PhD in European History from Cambridge University, and Jennifer Harris, a member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit, April 2009 "Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis" http://www.twq.com/09april/docs/09apr_Burrows.pdf)
Of course, the report encompasses more than economics and indeed believes the future is
AND
within and between states in a more dog-eat-dog world.

Tournament: UCO | Round: 1 | Opponent: Baylor BE | Judge: Phil Samuels
CIR will pass now—momentum is building
Sargent 10/30 (Greg; Immigration reform is definitely undead; Oct 30; www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/plum-line/wp/2013/10/30/immigration-reform-is-definitely-undead/; kdf)
We now have three House Republicans who have signed on to the House Dem comprehensive
AND
possibly get us to conference.¶ Yes, immigration reform remains decidedly undead.
Changing cyber operations policy detracts pc from the CIR debate
Schwartz et al 2012 (NELSON D. SCHWARTZ, CLIFFORD KRAUSS and SOMINI SENGUPTA; Status-quo outcome in Washington unsettles executives; Obama will again wrestle with a split Congress to push through policies; IHT; Nov 9; FINANCE; Pg. 20; kdf)
Mr. Obama is also expected to resume his push to enact cybersecurity legislation to
AND
foreigners who graduate from American universities and wish to remain in the country.

PC key to CIR—Obama renewing his push
AFP 6/12
Agence Press France, “US immigration bill advances in Senate, clears first hurdle” http://articles.economictimes.indiatimes.com/2013-06-12/news/39925853_1_border-security-landmark-immigration-bill-democratic-senator-chuck-schumer
WASHINGTON: Bolstered by support from President Barack Obama, a landmark immigration bill passed
AND
the effort and jeopardize the party's political future by alienating millions of voters.
Reform key to competitiveness and growth
Trujillo and Melgoza 213
Mr. Trujillo is chairman of the Trujillo Group, LLC and co-chairman of the Latino Donor Collaborative. Mr. Melgoza is the CEO of Geoscape International Inc. The Economic—and Demographic—Case for Immigration Reform, 2/21/13, http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887323951904578290471589119346.html?mod=googlenews_wsj
Since the November election, there has been much talk in Washington and on the
AND
a coherent and enforceable immigration policy is in place and here to stay.
Sustained decline causes nuclear war
Harris and Burrows 9
Mathew, PhD European History @ Cambridge, counselor in the National Intelligence Council (NIC) and Jennifer is a member of the NIC’s Long Range Analysis Unit “Revisiting the Future: Geopolitical Effects of the Financial Crisis” http://www.ciaonet.org/journals/twq/v32i2/f_0016178_13952.pdf
Increased Potential for Global Conflict
Of course, the report encompasses more than economics and indeed believes the future is
AND
more focus on preemption rather than defense, potentially leading to escalating crises.

Tournament: UMKC | Round: 3 | Opponent: Kansas KS | Judge: Matt Munday

Text: All detainees held indefinitely by the United States government should be released into the United States.

CP solves the entirety of the AFF

Chelala 26 Garro 6 ~Cesar, international public health consultant, 26 Alejandro, professor of Comparative Law at Columbia University, "Guantanamo’s Ethical, Medical Challenges," 29 March 2006, http://old.cageprisoners.com/articles.php?id=13114-http://old.cageprisoners.com/articles.php?id=13114~~  myost
NEW YORK: The United Nations recommendation that the United States should release all detainees
AND
consistently stated that force feeding of hunger strikers violates standards of medical ethics.

Net benefit: trials elide the distinction between ethics and law, making justice impossible

Agamben 99 ~Giorgio, professor of aesthetics at the University of Verona in Italy, Remnants of Auschwitz: The Witness and the Archive, trans. Daniel Heller-Roazen, p. 17-19~  myost
1.3 In Latin there are two words for "witness." The first
AND
the one who goes through life without judgment" (ibid.: 27).

Tournament: UCO | Round: 3 | Opponent: Wichita State DS | Judge: Justin Stanley
Their description of South Asian conflict is not neutral but a reflection of historical processes and identity formations—the AFF’s threat construction reproduces an ideology of danger which necessitates violence
Das 10 Runa, University of Minnesota, “State, Identity and Representations of Nuclear (In)Securities in India and Pakistan,” Journal of Asian and African Studies 45.2 (2010): 146-169  myost
Campbell in his work Writing Security (1992) undertakes an analysis of how the
AND
to shape India’s identity, (in)security, and nuclear policies.

Tournament: Kckcc | Round: 1 | Opponent: UNI SS | Judge: Juan Garcia-Lugo
1NC
Specificity of our argument is better than the generic K that they will read.
The affirmative must defend the implementation of specific restrictions not just the idea that presidential authority is bad
Cambridge Dictionary of American English, 07  
(http://dictionary.cambridge.org/define.asp?key=should*1+0anddict=A)
should (DUTY) auxiliary verb used to express that it is necessary, desirable, advisable, or important to perform the action of the following verb
Violation – the aff does not defend the specific implementations of the plan.
And the type of restrictions matter- the courts agree
Sand 81 Janet Lucas Breene and A. William Lucas, Plaintiffs and Appellees v. Plaza Tower Association, a corporation, Defendant and Appellant Civil No. 9957 Supreme Court of North Dakota 310 N.W.2d 730; 1981 N.D. LEXIS 326 October 5, 1981 PRIOR HISTORY: 1 Appeal from the District Court of Burleigh County, the Honorable Gerald G. Glaser, Judge.JUDGES: Paulson, Pederson, VandeWalle, JJ., Erickstad, C.J. Opinion of the Court by Sand, Justice. OPINION BY: SAND
If the contentions of the Association that 12  the amendments are retroactive and
AND
"restrictions" indicating either what is embraced or excluded in the term.

Voter for fairness and education
Ground- The topic ground is predicated on the actor and type of restrictions, not just the question of is detention good or bad. Steals all of our solvency, DA links, and CP ground. Ground is determined by the action of the resolution not the case areas.

Tournament: UMKC | Round: 6 | Opponent: Kansas RG | Judge: Jason Russell

Interp- "Armed forces" refers to human members of the military, NOT weapon systems or capabilities

Lorber 13 ~Eric, JD Candidate at University of Pennsylvania Law School, "Executive Warmaking Authority and Offensive Cyber Operations: Can Existing Legislation Successfully Constrain Presidential Power?" University of Pennsylvania Journal of Constitutional Law 15 (Jan 2013): 961-1002~  myost
As is evident from a textual analysis, n177 an examination of the legislative history
AND
human members of the armed forces, such a conclusion is not determinative.

They unlimit the topic by changing the posture of weapons systems, allowing any aff that is tangentially related to the military-this guts our predictable ground and makes it impossible to be negative and allow complete bans on any future possible deployment as opposed to ongoing hostilities.- voting issue for education and fairness

And the Aff is Extra Topical- the treaty contains provisions that are not restrictions on war powers-

Text of the treaty 8
http://www.cfr.org/space/treaty-prevention-placement-weapons-outer-space-threat-use-force-against-outer-space-objects-ppwt/p26678
Article VIII
To promote the implementation of the objectives and provisions of this Treaty, the States
AND
¶ Treaty shall be the subject of an additional protocol to this Treaty.

Voter for education and fairness because they justify ratifying any treaty that has any

Provision relating to weapons while justifying other areas that have no base in literature

Prefer competing interpretations over reasonability which always requires judge intervention and limits the topic

Tournament: UCO | Round: 1 | Opponent: Baylor BE | Judge: Phil Samuels
a. Interp-Offensive cyber operations are not network defense, cyber collection, or defensive cyber operations
PPD-20 13 “Presidential Policy Directive/PPD-20,” 7 June 2013, http://www.theguardian.com/world/interactive/2013/jun/07/obama-cyber-directive-full-text
Offensive Cyber Effects Operations (OCEO): Operations and related programs or activities other than network defense, cyber collection, or DCEO -- conducted by or on behalf of the United States Government, in or through cyberspace, that are intended to enable or produce cyber effects outside United States Government networks.
B violation- the affirmative only limits defensive operations, while allowing for offensive military actions to continue
Offensive cyber operations are military operations for cyber-attack against or cyberexploitation of adversary information systems
Lin 10 Herbert S., Chief Scientist at the Computer Science and Telecommunications Board of the National Research Council of the National Academies, “Offensive Cyber Operations and the Use of Force,” Journal of National Security Law and Policy 4 (2010): 63-83, http://jnslp.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/06_Lin.pdf  myost
For purposes of this article, the term “offensive cyber operations” will include military operations and activities in cyberspace for cyber attack against and (or) cyberexploitation of adversary information systems and networks. When greater specificity is needed, the terms “cyber attack” and
“cyberexploitation” will be used.4

C standards
Limits - they broaden the topic killing any room for specific negative strategies against their aff because they don’t stop any offensive operations killing politics and counterplan ground, and limiting links on the k debate
Education- they only serve to reinforce education about existing cyber operations without any debate about what they actually contain, we support military operations means they severely limit education because the aff is just the status quo

Plan text in a vacuum - they could justify any use of cyber operations we like to by saying it’s a military operation. 

Voter- for education and fairness T is a prerequisite to any other argument

Tournament: Wake | Round: 3 | Opponent: UMKC JW | Judge: Philip Dipiazza
A) Interpretation: the aff must defend a decrease in the presidents war power
B) Definition - NATO and UN charters do not give the president any unique war power authority
Byrd 98 West Virgina Law Review Winter, 1998 101 W. Va. L. Rev. 385 LENGTH: 11289 words ARTICLE: REMARKS BY U.S. SENATOR ROBERT C. BYRD THE CONSTITUTION IN PERIL NAME: The Honorable Robert C. Byrd* BIO: * United States Senator from West Virginia, mmm/uco
The constitutional framework arranged by the Framers speaks with crystal clarity regarding the war powers
AND
than calling a dog a cat suddenly empowers a dog to climb trees.

Violation – aff only restricts president’s power coming from NATO and chapter 7 of the UN charter which is not a presidential war power. 

Standards –
Ground – their restriction of powers that are not actually war powers authority kills any link the negative could have for specific DA, K, CP
Education – the affirmatives restrict authority not coming from war powers means there is no topical education to the plan.
Extra T – human rights are not war powers. Any advantages that the aff gets from soling human rights abuses are extra topical and bad for education. Independent voting issue.
T is a voter for fairness and education

Tournament: UCO | Round: 3 | Opponent: Wichita State DS | Judge: Justin Stanley
The word terrorism creates a victimized image of the occident due to the actions of “Islam”—this ramps up to global “wars on terror” to spread democratic ideals and American propaganda
Badiou 2006 (Alain, Polemics, Verso, p. 15-17, kdf)

The destruction of New York's Twin Towers by planes whose passengers and neo-pilots
AND
subject (`the West') and the sequence (`the war against terrorism').

Tournament: UMKC | Round: 3 | Opponent: Kansas KS | Judge: Matt Munday
Framework ===

1. Interpretation- The affirmative must defend the policy implications of the plan.

2. Arguments about discourse, etc… are extra-topical and a voting issue for education and fairness because the negative cannot generate offense against the changing of a mindset.