Tournament: JCCC | Round: 2 | Opponent: JCCC DG | Judge: Rob Burns

T

Interpretation – restriction requires prohibition of an authority

Restriction means prohibition

Corpus Juris Secundum 31
Volume 54, p. 735
RESTRICT:  To confine; to limit; to prevent (a person or thing) from passing a certain limit in any kind of action; to restrain; to restrain without bounds.
.

Bidirectionality – absent a prohibition, the aff can create meaningless "conditions" that EXPAND presidential power – commission consultation proves

Wilson Center No Date
(War Powers Proposal Gives the President Even More Authority,http://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/war-powers-proposal-gives-the-president-even-more-authority)
A privately organized Commission on War Powers recommended last week that the 1973 War Powers
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in Congress, behind closed doors and shielded by classified briefings and documents.

Violation: they don’t prohibit the introduction of troops into hostilities, just put a conditoin on it.

Standards:
Limits-we fairly limit the topic, having the neg prepare for prohibit while letting the aff define what to prohibit
Clear brightline- prohibition allows for a clear interpretation of what is topical and what isn’t
Topic Education- we learn about the entirety of laws and the spirit of them instead of getting rid of a small part of them

Tournament: JCCC | Round: 2 | Opponent: JCCC DG | Judge: Rob Burns

Cap k

Single-issue campaigns like the affirmative are nothing more than masking reforms that sustain the system. The only escape from capitalism is its total destruction, anything less only serves to promote it

Herod, 2006 (James, political activist, Columbia graduate, "Strategies that have failed"http://site.www.umb.edu/faculty/salzman_g/Strate/GetFre/05.htm)

10. Single-issue campaigns. We cannot destroy capitalism with single-issue
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create a new civilization. We cannot afford to aim for anything less.
State

THE STATE AND CAPITAL MOVE HAND IN GLOVE—ONE CANNOT EXIST WITHOUT THE OTHER.  ONLY A TOTAL DISTANCE FROM THE MODERN STATE CAN ALLOW FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF CAPITAL.  OTHERWISE WHAT IS PUSHED OUT THE DOOR ONLY COMES BACK IN THROUGH THE WINDOW

Meszaros 95
~Istavan, Prof. Emeritus at Sussex, Beyond Capital: Towards a Theory of Transition~P. 65
The modern state as the comprehensive political command structure of capital — is both the
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faithful to the Marxian concern with the ’withering away’ of the state.

SARKAR (Green Party) ’99
~Sara Eco-Socialism or Eco-Capitalism: A Critical Analysis of Humanity’s Fundamental Choices.~

With the paradigm shift propounded in chapter 1, one aspect of the critique of capitalism has undergone a fundamental change. The critique is no longer that capitalism ultimately fetters the forces of production, on the contrary, the critique today is that it has developed and is developing them so much that they cause massive degradation of the natural basis of many forms of life including human life. Because of this change the traditional leftist critique of capitalism has indeed become obsolete, but not fully. Capitalism continues to degrade humans physically and psychologically, tends to reduce them to mere money making machines. Its very logic fetters the higher potential of people and society—potential that does not generate profit. Its basic principles—self-interest, greed, and competition—promote criminality. For this reason, and to this extent, the leftist critique of capitalism remains valid and relevant. It is also highly relevant to the task of transformation cannot take place, as even many protagonists of eco-capitalism concede, without an ethical approach, without the readiness to sacrifice self-interest. But degraded humans are not capable of this ethical approach and this sacrifice, as is evident from the obstructive reactions of the majority of citizens of industrial societies to the challenge of this transformation.

The logic of capitalism results in extinction through the creation of ecological catastrophe and violent imperialist wars that will turn nuclear war- the only way to stop this is through the coming revolution- turns case

Foster 5 John Bellamy, Monthly Review, September, Vol. 57, Issue 4, "Naked Imperialism", http://www.monthlyreview.org/0905jbf.htm
From the longer view offered by a historical-materialist critique of capitalism, the
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needs—by organizing a global resistance movement against the new naked imperialism.

Our alternative is to SAY NO to the affirmative as a way of refusing complicity with capitalism – our scream against the control of the system is a starting point for movements against capital-

Holloway 2
(John, Ph.D in Political Science from the University of Edinburgh,  Social Science Professor at Univ. of Puebla, "Change the World Without Taking Power," http://libcom.org/library/change-world-without-taking-power-john-holloway, VR)
In the beginning is the scream. We scream. When we write or when
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we feel to be negative. This is what we must cling to.

Tournament: JCCC | Round: 2 | Opponent: JCCC DG | Judge: Rob Burns

Case

Offshore balancing

Offshore balancing kills hegemony

Layne and Thayer, ’07 (Christopher, international theorist and the Robert M. Gates Chain in Intelligence and National Security at Texas A26M University, Andrew, professor of political science at Baylor University, "American empire: a debate", Psychology Press, http://books.google.com/books?id=YgE-1HjR70sC26printsec=frontcover~~23v=onepage26q26f=false, LH)
Layne does not illuminate the risks associated with his preferred grand strategy of offshore balancing
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third, to win greater security for the American people and their allies. 

Primacy Better

Primacy is comparatively superior to off-shore balancing—Layne’s grand strategy would prompt global conflict.

Thayer 7 ~Bradley, Associate Professor in the Department of Defense and Strategic Studies at Missouri State University, "Reply to Christopher Layne: The Strength of the American Empire," American Empire: A Debate, Published by Routledge, ISBN 0415952034, p. 116-117~
Primacy Is the Right Grand Strategy for the United States There is no viable alternative
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also from countries now allied with the United States like Japan and Turkey.

The risks of off-shore balancing outweigh the benefits – primacy is key.

Thayer 7 ~Bradley, Associate Professor in the Department of Defense and Strategic Studies at Missouri State University, "Reply to Christopher Layne: The Strength of the American Empire," American Empire: A Debate, Published by Routledge, ISBN 0415952034, p. 103-104 ~
To advance these goals, in this chapter I would like to respond to Layne’s
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third, to win greater security for the American people and their allies.

The fact that hegemony will one day end is not a reason to accelerate its decline – Layne is wrong about the sustainability and desirability of primacy.

Thayer 7 ~Bradley, Associate Professor in the Department of Defense and Strategic Studies at Missouri State University, "Reply to Christopher Layne: The Strength of the American Empire," American Empire: A Debate, Published by Routledge, ISBN 0415952034, p. 104~
Each country knows it will never be perfectly secure, but that does not detract
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should welcome American primacy and work to preserve it as long as possible.

Primacy is key to U.S. and global security – off-shore balancing would collapse the world order.

Thayer 7 ~Bradley, Associate Professor in the Department of Defense and Strategic Studies at Missouri State University, "Reply to Christopher Layne: The Strength of the American Empire," American Empire: A Debate, Published by Routledge, ISBN 0415952034, p. 105-106~
Second, U.S. power protects the United States. That sentence is
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will prey upon those interests, and even on the United States itself.

Bases

Key

Research on offshore balancing is flawed – ground troops are needed for political objectives

Schake 10 (Kori, PhD in government, researcher at Stanford University’s Hoover Institution, "Limits of offshore balancing," October 13, 2010, http://shadow.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2010/10/13/limits_of_offshore_balancing, YS)
Pape’s research shows that the majority of suicide bomb attacks occur in places occupied by
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themselves, offshore balancing does little to change the problem in positive ways. 

Bases Solve Terrorism

Heg Solves Terrorism – war on terror proves

Benard 8 ~Alexander, Formerly of the Washington Institute for Near East Policy "An Unexpected Bright Spot" National Review Online  October 27, http://article.nationalreview.com/?q=YmEyNzYxNDk2N2Q1OWQ4OTk1YTcxNjVkYjQ2MDJlMWE=~~
Amidst the many worrisome trends the next president will face when he assumes office in
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to confront these challenges in the context of an extremely favorable strategic environment.

*Nuclear Terrorism*

Impossible

No nuclear terrorism – multiple reasons

Reason Foundation 12
~Reason, May 17 2012, http://reason.com/archives/2012/05/17/the-implausibility-of-nuclear-terrorism, accessed on 7/28/12, Kfo~
"Death tugs at my ear and says, ’Live, I am coming.
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war, it appears, the worst eventuality is one that will never happen

Terrorists cannot acquire nuclear material – cost, security, and no transportation

Mueller 8
~John Mueller, Professor of Political Science at Ohio State University, January 1 2008, http://polisci.osu.edu/faculty/jmueller/APSACHGO.PDF, accessed on 7/28/12, Kfo~

Procuring fissile material. To begin with, stateless groups are simply incapable of manufacturing
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plot that might end up killing tens of thousands of innocent people.11

Can’t detonate

Mueller 8
~John Mueller, Professor of Political Science at Ohio State University, January 1 2008, http://polisci.osu.edu/faculty/jmueller/APSACHGO.PDF, accessed on 7/28/12, Kfo~
Transporting and detonating the device. The finished product could weigh a ton or more
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thing, after all this effort, doesn’t prove to be a dud.

Nuclear terrorism is science fiction - easier to launch Bin Laden into space. It’s not ironman where you just create high tech weapons in a hideout cave.

Adam Garfinkle, 2009 (PhD in international relations, served as a staff member of the National Security Study Group of the U.S. Commission on National Security), May 2009, Foreign Policy Research Institute, "Does Nuclear Deterrence Apply in the Age of Terrorism?", http://www.fpri.org/footnotes/1410.200905.garfinkle.nucleardeterrenceterrorism.html
There have, of course, been several novels, dozens of action movies,
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even less likely than being able to launch Osama bin Laden into orbit.

No nuclear terror – Terrorists cant acquire, build, or deliver a bomb

Chapman 08 Steve Chapman, reporter and editorial writer for Chicago Tribune, 2/8 2008 ~RealClearPolitics, "The Implausibility of Nuclear Terrorism"~
But remember: After Sept. 11, 2001, we all thought more attacks
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right. For us to escape, only one thing has to go wrong 

Imperialism

Blaming imperialism for all oppression masks more violent forms of oppression – prefer our evidence, its comparative

Fred Halliday (Middle East Report) 1999 "The Middle East at the Millennial Turn" http://www.merip.org/mer/mer213/213_hallliday.html
Recent developments in the Middle East and the onset of new global trends and uncertainties
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the hold of authoritarian regimes and oppressive social practices within the Middle East.  

No Impact - Western power and imperialism doesn’t foster violent interventions

Martin Shaw (Professor of International Relations and Politics at the University of Sussex) April 2001 "The Problem of the Quasi-Imperial State" http://www.sussex.ac.uk/Units/CGPE/Failed20States/shaw.pdf
Furthermore, Western leaders have consistently sought to shore up failed and failing (semi
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from civil society and social movements, rather than from the Western state. 

Anti-imperialist strategies distort struggles for real global justice – resorting in massive violence in the periphery of your anti-western struggle

Martin Shaw (Professor of International Relations and Politics at the University of Sussex) April 2001 "The Problem of the Quasi-Imperial State" http://www.sussex.ac.uk/Units/CGPE/Failed20States/shaw.pdf
It is worth asking how the politics of anti-imperialism distorts Western leftists’ responses
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’new imperialism’ but according to its actual role in relation to the victims.

Not the root cause of conflict – other factors overwhelm

Volf 2002 Miroslav Volf (Henry B. Wright Professor of Theology at Yale Divinity School since 1998) Journal of Ecumenical Studies 1-1-02
Though "otherness"–cultural, ethnic, religious, racial difference–is an
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lay elsewhere is itself a testimony to how much "otherness" matters.

Solvency

Speed is Key to victory in every domain. We need bases to ensure quick response.

Johson ’6
Karlton, Army War College, "Temporal and Scalar Mechanics of Conflict Strategic Implications of Speed and Time on the American Way of War," http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a449394.pdf

Military services appear to be increasingly dependent on speed, and these organizations continue to
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clearly underlies the tenets and principles of airpower as an enabling factor.28

New statutory restrictions collapse executive crisis response —- triggers terrorism, rogue state attacks, and wildfire prolif

John Yoo 8/30/13, Emanuel S. Heller Professor of Law @ UC-Berkeley Law, visiting scholar @ the American Enterprise Institute, former Fulbright Distinguished Chair in Law @ the University of Trento, served as a deputy assistant attorney general in the Office of Legal Council at the U.S. Department of Justice between 2001 and 2003, received his J.D. from Yale and his undergraduate degree from Harvard, "Like it or not, Constitution allows Obama to strike Syria without Congressional approval," Fox News, http://www.foxnews.com/opinion/2013/08/30/constitution-allows-obama-to-strike-syria-without-congressional-approval/
The most important of the president’s powers are commander-in-chief and chief
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time to introduce sweeping, untested changes in the way we make war.