Tournament: UNLV | Round: 7 | Opponent: Wyoming BC | Judge: John Cook
The way they frame their policies in terms of human benefit is anthropocentric.
Eric Katz, currently Vice President of the International Society for Environmental Ethics, author of “Organism, Community, and the ‘Substitution Problem’, and Lauren Oechsli, an undergraduate biology major at Columbia University, New York,  2003, “Moving beyond Anthropocentrism: Environmental Ethics, Development, and the Amazon”, http://www.umweltethik.at/download.php?id=392 

It is not surprising that anthropocentric arguments dominate discussions of policy: arguments for environmental
AND
environmental policy. Recent concern about the destruction of the ozone layer and the

Alt
Alt: Reject the aff and endorse the thought experiment of the voluntary global suicide of humanity in the world they choose to solve for.
Kochi and Ordan 8 (Queen’s University, Borderlands journal, http://www.borderlands.net.au/vol7no3_2008/kochiordan_argument.pdf)JFS

For some, guided by the pressure of moral conscience or by a  practice of
AND
no matter  how hard we try to forget, suppress or repress it.
Impact
Anthropocentrism is a disease—it corrodes every environment it enters destroying all life.
Berry 95 (Thomas, Ph.D. from the Catholic University of America in European intellectual history  “The viable human” in Deep Ecology for the 21st Century, ed. George Sessions)

A deep cultural pathology has developed in Western society and has now spread throughout the
AND
nuanced in favor of the consumer values fostered by our commercial industrial establishment'.

Tournament: UNLV | Round: 5 | Opponent: Weber BS | Judge: Jackie Massey
Anti-oppressive teams who disrupt certain types of “dehumanization” tend to reinforce the human/nonhuman binary.
Humes 08
(Brandy Humes, Masters of Education from the Feminist Approaches to Social Justice inEducation program at the University of British Columbia and a Bachelor of Environmental Studies from York University, 08  Moving Toward a Liberatory Pedagogy for all Species:  Mapping the Need for Dialogue Between Humane and Anti-Oppressive Education

Upon my first reading, I felt immediately inspired by anti-oppressive theory.
AND
cracks of who gets counted as oppressed in most pedagogical? circles.

The way they frame their policies in terms of human benefit is anthropocentric.
Eric Katz, currently Vice President of the International Society for Environmental Ethics, author of “Organism, Community, and the ‘Substitution Problem’, and Lauren Oechsli, an undergraduate biology major at Columbia University, New York,  2003, “Moving beyond Anthropocentrism: Environmental Ethics, Development, and the Amazon”, http://www.umweltethik.at/download.php?id=392
It is not surprising that anthropocentric arguments dominate discussions of policy: arguments for environmental
AND
environmental policy. Recent concern about the destruction of the ozone layer and the
Anthropocentrism is used to justify domination non-humans and “inferior” humans.
Smith no date (Penelope Smith- Animal Communication Specialist  http://www.anaflora.com/animalliberty/articles/penelope/pene-2.html date NA)

Many humans have an attitude that restricts their ability to understand or empathize with non
AND
to expand their understanding, share new realities, and become more whole.

Alt
Alt: Reject the aff and endorse the thought experiment of the voluntary global suicide of humanity in the world they choose to solve for.
Kochi and Ordan 8 (Queen’s University, Borderlands journal, http://www.borderlands.net.au/vol7no3_2008/kochiordan_argument.pdf)JFS
For some, guided by the pressure of moral conscience or by a  practice of
AND
no matter  how hard we try to forget, suppress or repress it.
Alt is a prerequisite to the aff- all forms of exclusion are patterned off the human/non-human divide- de-normalizing the anthropocentric order is critical to challenging the endless war on difference
Kochi, 2K9 (Tarik, Sussex law school, Species war: Law, Violence and Animals, Law Culture and Humanities Oct 5.3)RSW

This reflection need not be seen as carried out by every individual on a daily
AND
The critic of war is thus a critic of war’s norm-alization.

Anthropocentrism is a disease—it corrodes every environment it enters destroying all life.
Berry 95 (Thomas, Ph.D. from the Catholic University of America in European intellectual history  “The viable human” in Deep Ecology for the 21st Century, ed. George Sessions)

A deep cultural pathology has developed in Western society and has now spread throughout the
AND
nuanced in favor of the consumer values fostered by our commercial industrial establishment'.

Tournament: UNLV | Round: 7 | Opponent: Wyoming BC | Judge: John Cook
Obama focusing on kill rather than capture
Becker ‘12 (Jo, 05/29/12, Investigative Reporter, New York Times, "Secret ’Kill List’ Proves a Test of Obama’s Principles and Will", http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/29/world/obamas-leadership-in-war-on-al-qaeda.html?pagewanted=all26_r=0) 

Yet the administration’s very success at killing terrorism suspects has been shadowed by a suspicion
AND
are not going to advertise that, but that’s what they are doing.”

Drone restrictions cause a shift to detention
Byman ‘13 (Daniel, July/August 2013, a professor at Georgetown University's Security Studies Program, The Brookings Institute, “Why Drones Work: The Case for Washington's Weapon of Choice,” http://www.brookings.edu/research/articles/2013/06/17-drones-obama-weapon-choice-us-counterterrorism-byman) BVG

Critics of drone strikes often fail to take into account the fact that the alternatives
AND
indiscriminately bomb civilian areas or use scorched-earth tactics against militant groups.

Detention undermines US-EU relations
IBA ‘09 (International Bar Association, January 2009, "Detention and trial at Guantánamo Bay and other US detention centres,” pg 34-35)

The US Administration’s actions at Guantánamo Bay have garnered widespread international criticism. As
AND
Rapporteurs to visit Guantánamo Bay and to interview detainees in private.57

US-EU relations key to check Russian expansionism
Brzezinski 3 (Zbigniew, The National Interest 2003/4, CSIS counselor and trustee and cochair of the CSIS Advisory Board, Senior research professor of international relations at the School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, "Hegemonic Quicksand",http://www.kas.de/upload/dokumente/brzezinski.pdf)

Finally, there is the question of the degree to which Russia can become America’s
AND
- European effort to preserve peace in Europe and then end Europe’s division.
Russian expansionism leads to Nuclear war
Blank 9 (Stephen, Strategic Studies Institute’s expert on the Soviet bloc and the post-Soviet world since 1989, former Associate Professor of Soviet Studies at the Center for Aerospace Doctrine, Research, and Education, Maxwell Air Force Base, B.A. in History from the University of Pennsylvania, and a M.A. and Ph.D. in History from the University of Chicago, "Russia And Arms Control: Are There Opportunities For The Obama Administration?" March 2009,http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/display.cfm?pubID=908)

Proliferators or nuclear states like China and Russia ¶ can then deter regional or intercontinental
AND
make wars of ¶ aggression on their neighbors or their own people.172

Tournament: UNLV | Round: 7 | Opponent: Wyoming BC | Judge: John Cook
The President of the United States should create an internal national security court housed within the executive branch ruled by experts outside of the judicial branch for the purpose of pre approval and post review for targeted killing.
CP creates accountability and transparency – solves aff and is perceived
Katyal ’13 (Neal, 02/20/13, former acting solicitor general, is a professor of national security law at Georgetown and a partner at the law firm Hogan Lovells, The New York Times, “Who Will Mind the Drones?” http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/21/opinion/an-executive-branch-drone-court.html?_r=1and) BVG

IN the wake of revelations about the Obama administration’s drone program, politicians from both
AND
balance the demands of secrecy and speed with those of liberty and justice.¶ 

Aff kills flexibility
Vermeule 6
Adrian Vermeule, Professor of Law, Harvard Law School, 2006,¶ “THE EMERGENCY CONSTITUTION IN THE POST-SEPTEMBER 11 WORLD ORDER: SELF-DEFEATING¶ PROPOSALS: ACKERMAN ON EMERGENCY POWERS,” Fordham Law Review, Nov., pp. LN.

The reason for the failure of statutory frameworks is plain. When an emergency or
AND
is far¶ more ambitious than the other ones - might fare differently.
That causes extinction
Yoo 12
(John Yoo, American attorney, law professor, and author. He served as a political appointee, the Deputy Assistant US Attorney General in the Office of Legal Counsel, Department of Justice (OLC), during the George W. Bush administration. “War Powers Belong to the President”¶ Posted Feb 1, 2012,¶ http://www.abajournal.com/magazine/article/war_powers_belong_to_the_president, KB)

A radical change in the system for making war might appease critics of presidential power
AND
time to introduce sweeping, untested changes in the way we make war.

Tournament: UNLV | Round: 5 | Opponent: Weber BS | Judge: Jackie Massey
A. Interpretation – the aff should defend the implementation of a topical plan action

1. “Resolved” before a colon introduces a formal resolution
   Army Officer School 04
   (5-12, “# 12, Punctuation –  The Colon and Semicolon”, http://usawocc.army.mil/IMI/wg12.htm)

The colon introduces the following...

AND

...Resolved: (colon) That this council petition the mayor.

2. “The United States federal government should” means the debate is solely about hypothetical policy action
Ericson et al. 03
(Jon M., Dean Emeritus of the College of Liberal Arts at California Polytechnic State University, 2003, “The Debater’s Guide,” Third Edition,” p. 7, accessed via Google Books on 3-29-12 Bosley)

The Proposition of Policy: Urging Future Action...

AND

...an audience to perform the future action that you propose. 

3. “The United States federal government” is the legislative, judicial, and executive branches
USA.gov 12
(Official US. Government Web Portal, “U.S. Federal Government, last updated 3-27-12, http://www.usa.gov/Agencies/federal.shtml, accessed 3-29-12 Bosley)

U.S. Federal Government The three branches of U.S. government—legislative, judicial, and executive—carry out governmental power and functions. 

4. “War powers authority of the President” refers to Commander in Chief power to deploy military force
Bejesky 2012 (Robert, M.A. Political Science (Michigan), M.A. Applied Economics (Michigan), LL.M. International Law (Georgetown). The author has taught international law courses for Cooley Law School and the Department of Political Science at the University of Michigan, American government and constitutional law courses for Alma College, and business law courses at Central Michigan University and the University of Miami, WAR POWERS PURSUANT TO FALSE PERCEPTIONS AND ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION IN THE "ZONE OF TWILIGHT,” St. Mary's Law Journal, 44 St. Mary's L. J. 1, lexis)

V. CONCLUSION¶ The roles of war powers delegated to Congress...

AND

...and logic have been in discord about the scope of the Executive's war powers for nearly two centuries.

B. Violation – the affirmative claims to win the debate for reasons other than the benefits of hypothetical implementation of a topical policy action
C. Vote negative

1. Predictable limits – there’s an infinite number of alternative frameworks outside of instrumental defense of the resolution – shifting the debate ensures one side is unprepared which destroys productive clash
   2. Fairness – allowing the affirmative to defend vague alternative positions allows the aff to become a moving target – that makes it impossible to be neg because the aff can spike out of any links
   3. Skills development – discussion of specific policy-questions overcomes preconceived ideological notions and breaks out of traditional pedagogical frameworks by positing students as agents of decision-making
   Esberg and Sagan 12
   (*Jane Esberg is special assistant to the director at New York University's Center on. International Cooperation. She was the winner of 2009 Firestone Medal, AND Scott Sagan is a professor of political science and director of Stanford's Center for International Security and Cooperation “NEGOTIATING NONPROLIFERATION: Scholarship, Pedagogy, and Nuclear Weapons Policy,” 2/17 The Nonproliferation Review, 19:1, 95-108)
   
   These government or quasi-government think tank...

AND

...Facts can change quickly; simulations teach students how to contextualize and act on information.14

Specifically empowering students through academic debates of presidential war powers are necessary to check excessive executive war-making
Young 13 – Associate Professor of Communication and Director of Forensics at Wayne State
(Kelly, “Why Should We Debate About Restriction of Presidential War Powers,” 9-4-13, http://public.cedadebate.org/node/13, accessed 9-4-13 Bosley)

Beyond its obviously timeliness, we believed debating about...

AND

...as an important potential check on the presidency. 

4. Stasis – even if it is possible to debate the aff, a focus on a specific policy action is more productive by providing a limited topic of discussion and equitable ground
Steinberg and Freeley 08
(David L. – Lecturer of Communication Studies at the University of Miami, and Austin – Criminal, Personal Injury, and Civil Rights Law Attorney, “Argumentation and Debate: Critical Thinking for Reasoned Decision Making,” 12th Edition, http://www.scribd.com/doc/54200547/Argumentation, p43-45, accessed 7-18-12 Bosley)

Debate is a means of settling differences...

AND

...which will be outlined in the following discussion.

Tournament: UNLV | Round: 7 | Opponent: Wyoming BC | Judge: John Cook
Iran negotiating now – deal in the works

Erdbrink 10/15/13 (Thomas, Tehran bureau chief, The New York Times, “Iran Presents Nuclear Plan to Big Powers,” http://www.nytimes.com/2013/10/16/world/middleeast/in-new-nuclear-talks-technological-gains-by-iran-pose-challenges-to-the-west.html) BVG

GENEVA — Speaking in English and using PowerPoint, Iran’s foreign minister outlined a proposal
AND
we can make a final conclusion to see if we had any progress.”
Deal can prevent Iranian nukes but political capital is key
NIAC 10/16/13 (National Iranian American Council, the National Iranian American Council (NIAC) is a non-partisan, non-political, non-sectarian, and non-profit educational organization dedicated to promoting Iranian-American participation in American civic life, NIAC Press Release, “NIAC Applauds US-Iran Diplomatic Progress, Warns Congress Against Sabotaging a Deal,” http://www.niacouncil.org/site/News2?page=NewsArticleandid=9893andsecurity=1andnews_iv_ctrl=-1) BVG

Washington, DC - The National Iranian American Council released the following statement after the
AND
sabotage talks and box the U.S. into a military confrontation.

Obama fights the plan – strongly supports war powers – drains PC
Rana 11 (Aziz – Assistant Professor of Law, Cornell Law School, “TEN QUESTIONS: RESPONSES TO THE TEN QUESTIONS”, 2011, 37 Wm. Mitchell L. Rev. 5099, lexis)

Thus, for many legal critics of executive power, the election of Barack Obama
AND
war powers and to promote the centrality of state secrecy to national security.

Failure to resolve the nuclear crises leads to US-Iran War
Parsi ’12 (Trita Parsi, 03/23/12, President of the National Iranian American Council, The Daily Beast, “Sanctions Make War More Likely,” http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/03/20/sanctions-will-lead-to-war-not-prevent-it.html) BVG

"If you don’t support sanctions, you’re not in the game," a prominent
AND
set the entry fee for Washington’s debate on Iran must acknowledge this reality.
?
US-Iran war goes nuclear and draws in other countries –multiple scenarios for extinction
Chossudovsky -06 (Michel Chossudovsky, The Next Phase of the Middle East War, Global Research, http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=vaandaid=3147)

The Bush Administration has embarked upon a military adventure which threatens the future of humanity
AND
basin, eventually leading to the destabilization and conquest of the Russian Federation.

Tournament: UNLV | Round: 7 | Opponent: Wyoming BC | Judge: John Cook
Restrictions are prohibitions on action —- not notification requirements
Brown 12 (Attorney, Jean Schiedler-Brown, Associates, Appellant Brief of Randall Kinchloe v. States Dept of Health, Washington, “The Court of Appeals of the State of Washington,” Division 1,http://www.courts.wa.gov/content/Briefs/A01/68642920Appellant20Randall20Kincheloe27s.pdf) BVG

3. The ordinary definition of the term "restrictions" also does not include
AND
some supervision conditions, but he did not agree to restrict his license.
Restriction and regulation are distinct
Sinha 6 (http://www.indiankanoon.org/doc/437310/  Supreme Court of India Union Of India 26 Ors vs M/S.  AND No. 17558 of 2006  S.B. SINHA, J) 

We may, however, notice that this Court in State of U.P
AND
the word prohibiting or some such word, to bring out that effect."

Violation - Aff’s not —- it only regulates a practice – it bans the use of drones to targeted kill, but doesn’t restrict the authority to targeted kill in the first place
Voting issue for limits—-there are thousands of potential tweaks to topic authority—-they explode the mechanism to include funding, public pressure, and non-legal measures—-also makes them bidirectional because regulation can increase activity—-overstretches research burdens and ruins preparation for all debates

Voters –
Extra-Topicality – Aff bans the entire executive branch not just the president. They get access to an entire different part of the topic that wasn’t established in the topic. 

Predictability – Makes it impossible to go neg, kills all pre-tournament prep which is where most of the research burden exists. 

Vote neg for reasons articulated above