Tournament: Districts | Round: 1 | Opponent: Michigan State BS | Judge: Hennigan, Meloche, Stevenson
The counterplan solves the case without using the problematic discourse of the plan – US federal code defines the term ‘armed forces’ to include the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps and Coast Guard.
US Code NO DATE (10 U.S. Code § 101 – Definitions)
The term “armed forces” means the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard.

Use of the term ‘armed forces’ provides a legal justification for denying prisoner-of-war status to our enemies.
Garraway 2 (Colonel Charles Garaway, Army Legal Services (UK), Panel Discussion on Jus in Bello, http://archive.org/stream/internationallaw79borc/internationallaw79borc_djvu.txt)
The definition of…of "unprivileged belligerents." 

Denial of prisoner-of-war status provides a shield for torture.
AFP 4 (Agence France Presse, “Amnesty: US 'War on Terror' Mentality Leads to Torture”, Common Dreams, 10/27, http://www.commondreams.org/headlines04/1027-01.htm)
The United States…the group said.

Torture dehumanizes victim and torturer alike – its conditions us to accept violence, which causes the collapse of the social order.
Chanbonpin 11 (Kim, Assistant Professor of Law at John Marshall Law School, “"We Don't Want Dollars, Just Change": Narrative Counter-Terrorism Strategy, an Inclusive Model for Social Healing, and the Truth About Torture Commission”, 6 Nw. J. L. and Soc. Pol'y 1, Winter, L/N)
Torture by government…repair social harms.

Dehumanization outweighs all other impacts.
Berube 97 (David, Professor of English at University of South Carolina, “Nanotechnological Prolongevity: The Down Side”, http://www.cas.sc.edu/engl/faculty/berube/prolong.htm)
Assuming we are…most powerful weapon.

Tournament: Districts | Round: 1 | Opponent: Michigan State BS | Judge: Hennigan, Meloche, Stevenson
The affirmative’s representations of war as an event lead to crisis-based politics, which destroys effective activism. Spatialized metaphors and institutional declarations legitimize state-sponsored militarism and everyday violence. Vote negative to reject the affirmative’s representations of war as an event in order to examine war as a constant and everyday phenomenon.
Cuomo 96 (Chris, assistant professor of philosophy and women's studies, University of Cincinnati, Hypatia, 11(4)
Philosophical attention to…corporate, technocratic states.(2)

Solvency for environmental destruction, resource depletion, war, poverty, hunger and population instability will remain a pipe dream so long as the power-over ideology of patriarchy leaves gender inequality in tact.
Lian Chew 98 (Phyllis, Sr. Lecturer @ School of Arts, Nanyang Technological Univ, “The Challenge of Unity: Women, Peace and Power”, http://action.web.ca/home/cpcc/attach/Women20Peace20and20Power.htm)
This articles touches…type of mess.

Patriarchy institutions privilege dominance and discourage conflict resolution – patriarchal assumptions paralyze human nature, making nuclear war and extinction inevitable.
Reardon 93 (Betty, Director of the Peace Education Program at Teacher’s College Columbia University, Women and Peace: Feminist Visions of Global Security, p. 30-1)
In an article…used. (Spretnak 1983)

This round and the ballot are the alternative – politically motivated pedagogy must start in the debate community where norms of legal behavior are transmitted through discussion and teaching.  The ballot which questions how the norms of the 1AC are actualized can allow for a politics and pedagogy that changes habits and strategies to new possibilities for thought and action
Carmen Luke, Assoc Prof @ Univ of Queensland School of Education, 1996 Feminisms and Pedagogies of Everyday Life.  p. 23-24
In the second…practices of pedagogy.

Tournament: Districts | Round: 5 | Opponent: Northwestern MP | Judge: Delong, Najor, Reynolds
The term ‘operations’ is a euphemism for combat that allows military personnel to distance themselves from political debate about the actions they carry out.
Cornish 8 (Paul, Chatham House, Royal Institute of International Affairs, Proceedings from the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, 4/15, http://www.icty.org/x/cases/delic/trans/en/080415IT.htm) *LINES NUMBERED IN ORIGINAL*
9 A. There can…down to them.

The institutionalization of euphemisms into policy discourse enables all forms of violence.
Bosmajian 84(Dr. Haig, Professor of Speech Communication at University of Washington, 12/5, “Dehumanizing People and Euphemizing War,” http://www.religion-online.org/showarticle.asp?title=1442)
Our nation has…defending the indefensible.

Tournament: Districts | Round: 1 | Opponent: Michigan State BS | Judge: Hennigan, Meloche, Stevenson
Topicality – Restrictions = Prohibitions

A. Interpretation - restrictions are prohibitions.
Northglenn 11 (City of Northglenn Zoning Ordinance, “Rules of Construction – Definitions”, http://www.northglenn.org/municode/ch11/content_11-5.html)
Section 11-5-3…permit or license.

B. Violation – the plan does not prohibit the President from engaging in targeted killing, it only adds a step in the process of decisionmaking to make it more difficult.

C. Standards –

1. Ground – not prohibiting presidential actions makes all DA links and counterplan competition impossible since the AFF isn’t required to stop the President from doing anything.  Access to this ground is key to negative preparation to check AFF topic selection and infinite prep at the beginning of the season.

2. Brightline – the plan text either prohibits or it does not – our interpretation establishes a clear division of topical and non-topical affirmatives, which reduces judge intervention and preserves clash in the debate.

D. Topicality   is a voting issue for reasons of fairness and competitive equity and should be judged on the basis of competing interpretations.

Tournament: Districts | Round: 4 | Opponent: Indiana PS | Judge: Hennigan, Henry, Lawson
Translation is intrinsically tied to sovereign violence – the affirmative’s deployment of a translated narrative permits biopolitical management of the population subject to translation by institutionalizing a practice of linguistic encounters between subjects who operate within the debate space now constituted as a field of colonial encounter.
Solomon 7 (Jon, assistant professor in the Graduate Institute of Futures Studies and the French Program, Tamkang University (Taiwan), “Translation, Violence, and the Heterolingual Intimacy,” Transversal, November, http://eipcp.net/transversal/1107/solomon/en)
The question that…of the social.

Political communities built upon the expression of common identity operationalizes the conditions for unending war and genocide – we must refuse attempts to put identity to work in favor of a lack of identity, a being-in-common that finds comfort in the sharing of a lack of identification.
Norris 2k (Andrew, Assistant Professor of Political Science at University of Pennsylvania, “Jean-Luc Nancy and the Myth of the Common,” Constellations, 7(2)
Nancy, however, is…philosophy calls "finitude." 17

Vote negative to refuse the affirmative’s extension of recognition to the subjects of its translated narrative in favor of our performance of a non-translatable text.  

The performance of a non-translatable text occupies the space of whatever being, bare life that accepts its conditions by simply being-in-language and which uses its lack of identity to defy sovereign classifications.  Any inclusion of affirmative will corrupt the potentiality for rupturing the sovereign’s ability to politically qualify bare life – this reproduces the underlying conditions for war and make existence meaningless for the subjects that the affirmative attempts to represent.  
Prozorov 9 (Sergie, Professor of Political Science at the University of Helenski, “The Appropriation of Abandonment: Giorgio Agamben on the State of Nature and the Political”, February 15, International Studies Association, http://www.allacademic.com/meta/p313215_index.html)
This vision of…capable of happiness.