Tournament: Wake | Round: 7 | Opponent: Kansas State SS | Judge: Kurt Fifelski
The affirmative’s reform will fail, it treats the symptoms rather than the problem itself and diverts attention from the need to engage in resistance – empirically, Congress and the courts both lack the will power to challenge a President hell-bent on war – a personal resistance to the Cult of the Presidency is the only way to begin de-imperializing executive power.
Healy 8 (Gene, senior editor at the Cato Institute, Contributing Editor Liberty Magazine, J.D., University of Chicago Law School, The Cult of the Presidency, p. 267-275)
After eight chapters…well-crafted legislation.

Continuation of President Focus Politics Leads to a continued American Military Dominance as well as terrorism, climate change, drug cartels, poverty, and proliferation
Bacevich 10 (Andrew J. Bacevich, West Point (B.S., 1969), Princeton University (M.A., Ph.D., Professor of International Relations and History at Boston University, Washington Rules: America’s Path to Permanent War (2010), Published By Metropolitan Books)
The world has…etched in stone.

Our Alternative is to Reject the aff in favor of public criticism of the Washington Rules
Bacevich 10 (Andrew J. Bacevich, West Point (B.S., 1969), Princeton University (M.A., Ph.D., Professor of International Relations and History at Boston University, Washington Rules: America’s Path to Permanent War (2010), Published By Metropolitan Books)
For these very…exemplify and¶ illuminate.

Tournament: UTD | Round: 6 | Opponent: Indiana PS | Judge: Steven Murray
Narratives are a way that the readers and listeners invent and create new securities—readers supplement their security through the consumption of other’s lives.
Schaffer and Smith 4 (Kay, Adjunct Professor in Department of Social Inquiry at University of Adelaide (Australia), and Sidonie, Professor of English and Women’s Studies at University of Michigan, “Conjunctions: Life Narratives in the Field of Human Rights,” Biography, 27.1)
Publishers and media…own imagined lives. 

Contemporary intersections of capitalism and the national security state have created conditions that concerted activist energy can exploit. This debate should be a question of which activist strategy to endorse, because there is a very real tradeoff in activism forced by endorsing Butler’s politics. Butler’s systematic refusal to interrogate the conditions of contemporary capitalism make her politics a drain on anti-capitalist resistance, at precisely the time when such resistance is needed most.
Neilson and Rossiter 5 (Brett, senior lecturer in the School of Humanities at the University of Western Sydney and a member of the Centre for Cultural Research, and Ned, senior lecturer at the Centre for Media Research, University of Ulster and adjuct research fellow at the Centre for Cultural Research, University of Western Sydney, Fiberculture, Issue No. 5, http://www.journal.fibreculture.org/issue5/neilson_rossiter.html)
Undoubtedly, current perceptions…strategy of organisation.

Resisting capitalism’s reliance on economic evaluation is the ultimate ethical responsibility – the current social order guarantees social exclusion on a global scale
Zizek and Daly 4 (Slavoj and Glyn, Conversations with Zizek page 14-16)
For Zizek it…otherwise sound matrix.

The alternative is to vote negative as an intellectual endorsement of the communist idea.  

The communist Idea can help prepare us for the surprise of an event and create new possibilities out of what was previously said to be impossible.  The heroic task requires sharing possibility with those in your own immediate circle or five-person meetings.  
Badiou 10 (Alain, professor of Philosophy at the European Graduate School, The Communist Hypothesis; P. 253 – 257)
The simplest reason…of an event.

Tournament: Wake | Round: 6 | Opponent: UTD MV | Judge: Donny Peters
The constant urge to locate meaning in ‘we’ is what motivates strategic thinkers to locate an other who may be subjected to violence and war as a means of solidifying collective identity.
Shapiro 97 (Michael J, Prof of Political Science at U of Hawaii, Violent Cartographies – Mapping Cultures of War, Univ. of Minnesota Press, pages 141-142 ) KSM
As I showed…national self-recognition.

Construction of collective identity is the most frequent and fundamental act of violence committed as an other must be constructed to be differentiated from.
Lochhead 1 (David, “Monotheistic Violence,” Buddhist-Christian Studies, Vol 21, pg 3-12, accessed 7/4/09 http://muse.jhu.edu.ezproxy.lib.ou.edu/journals/buddhist-christian_studies/v021/21.1lochhead.pdf) KSM
Regina Schwartz has…of the other.”

Tournament: UTD | Round: 2 | Opponent: Washington U of St Louis | Judge: Dave Collins
The Affs Call for a Confession of privilege is a false call to free ourselves. Yet this confessionary act creates a new politics of power struggle. The one asking for confession becomes the new authority that determines how the individual should be assessed and punished
Fletcher 10 (Peter, Master of Business Administration, Post Graduate Diploma Internet Studies (Internet communications), Bachelor of Arts (First Class Honours) (Internet Studies), “Foucault on Confession”, http://peterfletcher.com.au/2010/08/10/foucault-on-confession/)
Commenting on the…those in authority.

These Confessional Politics become a Truth Game – Our politics and identity become surveyed transferring power to the surveyor leaving the confessor to a state of imprisonment and punishment
Fletcher 10 (Peter, Master of Business Administration, Post Graduate Diploma Internet Studies (Internet communications), Bachelor of Arts (First Class Honours) (Internet Studies), “Foucault on Confession”, http://peterfletcher.com.au/2010/08/10/foucault-on-confession/)
The confession of…heretofore hidden self.

Storytelling as a method of change recreate a panoptic mechanism for hegemonic power – revealing intimate details of oneself creates a society built upon surveillance, relations of power routinized into formal institutional structures like debate as a ritual for visibility and verification.  Requiring confession within the structure of this debate space coopts our resistance by forcing us to internalize norms of disclosure that leave us naked in the face of sovereign judgment.
Boje 2k (David M. Boje is Professor and Bill Daniels Ethics Fellow, a past endowed Bank of America professor of management at New Mexico State University
Stories can be…discipline and control.

Tournament: UNT | Round: 1 | Opponent: Baylor BB | Judge: Nick Scott
Framing of cyber operations as “attacks” perpetuates the conventional war metaphor that inapplicable and misleading in the context of cyber space—turns the case.
Lawson 12 (Sean Lawson, professor of communications at the University of Utah, “Putting the ‘war’ in cyberwar: Metaphor, analogy, and cybersecurity discourse in the United States,” July 2, 2012, First Monday, online peer reviewed publication, 17:7 http://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/3848/3270)
Western thought in…next two sections.

That rhetoric leads to military escalations- causes complacency and cynicism
Wallace 13 (Ian, The Daily Beast, 3/10, "Why The US Is Not in a Cyber War")
The idea that…their daily lives.

The rhetoric of cyberwar trivializes the experiences of those who have engaged in actual armed conflict – the term “cyber campaign” solves.
Wisniewski 13 (Chester, Senior Security Advisor at Sophos Canada, Sophos Security, "Comment: There's No Such Thing as Cyberwar", 8/1)
Too often, journalists…a good thing.

Tournament: UNI | Round: Quarters | Opponent: Minnesota WJ | Judge:
Musical performance defines human experience through the hegemonic accessibility to vocality and the bodily experience of being in tune with acoustic representations of human thought and action.  Every edgy attempt at unintelligibility embodied by the affirmative’s performance provides irresistible bait for a rational, scientific discourse that privileges an all encapsulating presence in humanist representation built upon the heard experience of vibrating bodies in the material and nonmaterial world.
Tolbert 1 (Elizabeth, ethnomusicologist on the faculty of the Johns Hopkins University, holds a joint appointment in the departments of Musicology and Anthropology, “The Enigma of Music, the Voice of Reason: "Music," "Language," and Becoming Human”, New Literary History, 32(3)
The enigma of…and linguistic prosody. 

Educational approaches which use conversational metaphors such as listening, voicing opinions and speaking create an ableist form of exclusion towards those who don’t have the ability to listen, hear or speak.
Lacey 10 (Teacher, MA in English, “The Conversations Metaphor and Ableism”, 9/6, http://equality101.net/?p=1886)
In my last post…to their communities.

We must challenge audism as an exclusionary form of thought and practice – to do otherwise serves to deny the humanity of Deaf People and to reproduce the ideological basis for all forms of oppression.  Each opportunity to challenge audism represents a key starting point for educating others about its implications and motivates resistance towards discrimination.
Bauman 4 (H-Dirksen, Professor and Department Chair of ASL and Deaf Studies, Gallaudet University, liberal arts institution specializing in education for the Deaf and hard of hearing, “Audism: Exploring the Metaphysics of Oppression”, Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 9(2)
The term audism has…audism be defined?

Debate, as a practice, culture and institution, deeply wedded to the philosophy of audism, the privilege of the spoken, auditory message, at the expense of bodies incapable of experiencing sound.  We can see this in the context of the 1AC, where they use musical representations to perform their interruption of hegemonic practices while asking you to ratify their performative methodology.  Such an approach is bankrupt for they have failed to seek recognition of the privilege to hear.

Our criticism functions within the affirmative’s framework of methodological challenge toward systems of hegemony – our authors reflect upon their own personal experience with our audiocentric culture and use these experiences to guide active learning opportunities that challenge the everyday privilege of audism.  Here’s evidence that contextualizes the alternative in practice.
Eckert and Rowley 13 (Richard Clark, PhD, Sociology, and Amy June, California State University-East Bay, “Audism: A Theory and Practice of Audiocentric Privilege”, Humanity and Society, 37(2)
Personal Reflexive Statement…journal of sociology.

Tournament: UNI | Round: 4 | Opponent: Minnesota TO | Judge: Rob Burns
Focus on detainee due process masks the racial, religious and class motivated disparities in the federal legal system that contributes to violent practices of governmental control.  Invoking national security justifications for the plan ensures that the government’s conduct in the war on terror will gain legal approval.
Rovner and Theoharis 12 (Laura, Ronald V. Yegge Director of Clinical Programs and Associate Professor of Law, founding director of the Civil Rights Clinic at the University of Denver, and Jeanne, Professor of Political Science at Brooklyn College of the City University of New York and Co-Founder of Educators for Civil Liberties, “Preferring Order to Justice”, 61 Am. U.L. Rev. 1331, June, L/N)
Accordingly, much of…of civil libertarians.

The question of method is key to evaluating the effectiveness of strategies used to oppose indefinite detention – the affirmative’s discourse touting the fairness and legitimacy of civilian trials serves to makes the systematic biases built into our legal system.  This allows racism deeply engrained within the structure of the law to remain unchallenged.
Stahl 11 (Aviva, researcher for CagePrisoners,a human rights organisation that exists solely to raise awareness of the plight of the prisoners at Guantanamo Bay and other detainees held as part of the War on Terror, “The myth of fair trials for terror suspects in the US”, 12/6, http://www.cageprisoners.com/our-work/opinion-editorial/item/2961-the-myth-of-fair-trials-for-terror-suspects-in-the-us)
Senator Mark Udall…of our legal system.

Racism makes war, violence and genocide inevitable.
Mendieta 2 (Eduardo, Assistant Professor of Philosophy, San Francisco, “To make live and to Let Die p- Foucault on Racism,” APA Central Division Meeting – Chicago, 4/25, http://www.sunysb.edu/philosophy/faculty/emendieta/articles/foucault.pdf)
I have thus…biological in nature.

Vote negative to engage in constant, active criticism of the legal system.  Even if we cannot articulate an alternative vision for the future, shaking the rug out from under the legal system is a necessary prerequisite to any successful move toward liberation.  Freeing us from the shackles of legal tradition is the only way for each of us to assume individual responsibility for the way we live our lives.
Singer 84 (Joseph William, Associate Professor of Law at Boston University, “The Player and the Cards: Nihilism and Legal Theory,” 94 Yale L.J. 1, L/N)
What shall we…that question ourselves.

Tournament: Wake | Round: 7 | Opponent: Kansas State SS | Judge: Kurt Fifelski
The language of the law is a reflection of masculine experience – the primary linguists responsible for creating and interpreting the law have been economically privileged, white males whose reasoning serves to institutionalize the exclusion and marginalization of other voices – claims to objective reasoning insulate the hegemony of the law by maintaining the illusion of inevitability
Finley, Visiting Professor of Law at SUNY Buffalo, 1989
Lucinda, 64 Notre Dame L. Rev. 886, L/N
Throughout the history…think, live, and work.

Patriarchy is neither natural nor inevitable – acting on the basis of patriarchal assumptions deeply embedded within the very structure of democracy guarantees global instability and leaves us on a collision course with extinction.
Clark 4 (Mary E., professor of biological studies @ Berkeley, "Rhetoric, Patriarchy and War: Explaining the Dangers of ‘Leadership’ in Mass Culture,” http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-4005307/Rhetoric-patriarchy-war-explaining-the.html)
I begin by…constant, real possibility.

This round and the ballot are the alternative – politically motivated pedagogy must start in the debate community where norms of legal behavior are transmitted through discussion and teaching.  The ballot which questions how the norms of the 1AC are actualized can allow for a politics and pedagogy that changes habits and strategies to new possibilities for thought and action
Carmen Luke, Assoc Prof @ Univ of Queensland School of Education, 1996 Feminisms and Pedagogies of Everyday Life.  p. 23-24
In the second…practices of pedagogy.

Tournament: KCKCC | Round: Octas | Opponent: KCKCC CG | Judge:
The affirmative’s preoccupation with resolving specific forms of injustice maintains the leftist desire to control the land from which critique is launched.  The 1AC remains imbedded within the orthodox script by which intellectuals participate in the continued domination of indigenous peoples in Native North America, reproducing the very systems of power that make their particular atrocities inevitable.  Even if the affirmative resolves their specific demands, the resulting society is still defined by an adamant desire to remain comfortable in the extermination of indigenous peoples.  

The first priority for this debate is decolonization of indigenous lands – anything short reinforces participation in the colonial order.
Churchill 96 (Ward, Former Professor of Ethnic Studies at University of Colorado-Boulder, From A Native Son pgs 520-30)
I’ll debunk some…on non-Indians.

The affirmative’s multiculturalism fails to come to grips with the unique experiences of Indigenous peoples – such approaches merely continue the historic legacy of genocide by supporting the generations of policies that force indigenous peoples to bracket their identity within validity of government identification.
Lawrence and Dua 5 (Bonita and Enakshi, “Decolonizing Antiracism,” Social Justice, 32(4)
IN CONTINUOUS CONVERSATIONS…within the Americas.

Appeals to hybridity are a ruse for liberal notions of equality and democratic inclusion. These appeals ignore the unique challenges faced by indigenous peoples – transgressive identity replicates the assimilation ideologies that threaten native sovereignty.
Grande 2k (Sandy, Associate Professor of Education at Connecticut College, “American Indian Geographies of Power: At the Crossroads of Indigena and Mestizaje,” Harvard Educational Review, 70(4), Winter)
Insofar as the…self-determination and sovereignty.

What happens to indigenous peoples in this country is part and parcel to the logic that will inevitably infect us all – ignorance to the effects of controlling indigenous populations ensures that we will all be relegated to the status of irrelevancy.
Churchill 99 (Ward, Former Professor of Ethnic Studies at University of Colorado-Boulder, “A Breach of Trust: The Radioactive Colonization of Native North America, American Indian Culture and Research Journal, 23(4)
As Felix S. Cohen…1940s or later.(FN210)

Genocidal violence towards native Americans sets the stage for a vicious cycle of racially motivated violence throughout the planet.
Street 4 (Paul, independent radical-democratic policy researcher,“Those Who Deny the Crimes of the Past Reflections on American Racist Atrocity Denial, 1776-2004,” 3/11, http://thereitis.org/displayarticle242.html)
It is especially…motive to do so.

The alternative – reject the Affirmative and embrace indigenous land return as the first priority.  

United States out of Indian Country.  United States out of North America.  US off the planet.

The alternative is the ultimate example of the impossibility of politics – decolonization is rendered unspeakable because it is always discussed from within the colonial paradigm.  We must accept that what is right is not the same as what is realistic – it’s the struggle for decolonization that makes the process of the alternative emancipatory in and of itself.  Any permutation shares the loot of colonialism by redistributing power in such a way as to preserve the illegal occupation of Native North America.  Only embracing our first priority can enable a form of “impossible realism” that makes the elimination of specific forms of oppression possible.
Churchill 96 (Ward, Former Professor of Ethnic Studies at University of Colorado-Boulder, From A Native Son, p. 85-90)
The question which…on attaining it?

Tournament: KCKCC | Round: 6 | Opponent: North Texas CD | Judge: Loghry
Deployment of “Iran” is an act of historical erasure that distorts western engagement
Akbarzadeh 3 (Pejman, Artists without Frontiers, “Iran or Persia?Farsi or Persian? Which Ones Should be Called ?!” http://payvand.com/news/03/dec/1130.html)
Until a few decades…"Persia" in history.

Naming is not benign—the naming of a land naturalizes colonization
Stuckey and Murphy 1 (Mary, an associate professor of communication and political science at Georgia State University, and John, an associate professor of speech communication at the University of Georgia, “By Any Other Name: Rhetorical Colonialism in North America,” Journal American Indian Culture and Research Journal , 25(4), Pages 73-98)
Nations, as Ernest… reinforcing colonial power.

Colonialism threatens our collective survival
Solo 92 (Pam, Cultural Survival Quarterly, 16.2, http://www.cs.org/publications/csq/csq-article.cfm?id=552)
Together, these two…a practical imperative.

Tournament: KCKCC | Round: 4 | Opponent: Missouri State RS | Judge: Mia Bonnito
Nonviolence Kritik

A. War is never justified and can never bring justice.
McCarthy 11 (Colman, director of the Center for Teaching Peace, teaching faculty at Georgetown University Law Center, American University and the University of Maryland, “Just War or Just More Slaughter?” 8/2, http://wagingnonviolence.org/feature/just-war-or-just-more-slaughter/)
If linguistic precision…necessary to wage.

B. Legalistic reform opens the door to endless warfare and violence – lawyers and politicians will work constantly to ensure the discourse of ‘congressional restraint on presidential war powers’ codifies the continued use of military force.
Vlahos 13 (Kelly, contributing editor for The American Conservative magazine, Washington correspondent for Homeland Security Today, 14 years of experience as national security, war policy, civil liberties, the drug war and returning veterans columnist and reporter, “Beware Lawyers Bearing AUMF Fix,” 4/10, http://original.antiwar.com/vlahos/2013/04/09/beware-lawyers-bearing-aumf-fix/)
Beware lawyers bearing…got your back.

C. Continued use of violence risks extinction – embracing the obligation to participate in nonviolence is the only alternative.
ALL of the Nobel Peace Prize winners from 2000 (Signed by: Mairead Maguire Corrigan, Nelson Mandela, Mother Teresa, Aung San SuuKyi, The 14th Dalai Lama (Tenzin Gyatso), Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev, Shimon Peres, Elie Wiesel, Mgr. Desmond Mpilo Tutu, Adolfo PÈrez Esquivel, Yasser Arafat, Mgr. Carlos Felipe Ximenes Belo, JosÈ Ramos-Horta, Norman Borlaug, Oscar Arias S•nchez, UNICEF, Frederik Willem de Klerk, Betty Williams, Lech Walesa, Joseph Rotblat, Henry Kissinger, Jody Williams, John Hume, David Trimble, RigobertaMenchu Tum and the American Friends Society, “The Appeal For the Children signed by all the Nobel Peace Laureates,” http://www.agnt.org/node/88)
Today, in every…with their world.

Tournament: Wake | Round: 1 | Opponent: Liberty BM | Judge: Caitlin Reynolds
The term ‘Pakistan’ is a racist construction used to lock in colonialism and paranoid Muslim jihadism.
Dr Shahswar K 12 (Baloch political and Human Rights activist, and Senior Lecturer in Economics at London Metropolitan University, UK., Balochistan's Unintended Fatal Contact with Pakistan”, Balochwarna Online News, http://balochwarna.com/features/articles.36/Balochistan039s-Unintended-Fatal-Contact-with-Pakistan.html)
The term “Pakistan”...of the term.

Tournament: UTD | Round: 4 | Opponent: UTSA CR | Judge: Kevin Diamond
The 1AC’s Restriction of the Sovereign eliminates the ability to declare a friend and enemy creating a call for humanity, and collapsing the political
Rasch 4 (William, Prof. of German Studies, Indiana U, Sovereignty and its Discontents, Birkbeck Law Press, pg. 12-13) my
I believe it…(Schmitt, 1976, p 35). 

War no longer becomes a clash between nations, but one between good and evil. Outlaw states are deemed the enemies of humanity – with this trait stripped from them, conflict inevitably evolves into genocide.
De Benoist 13 (Alain, Head of GRECE, Editor of Nouvelle Ecole ("New School") and Krisis , Studied Political Science At University of Paris, Carl Schmitt Today: Terrorism, Just War, and the State of Emergency)
Total war marks…of this development.

The alternative is to adopt a friend-enemy distinction in response to the affirmative’s liberalist mindset. This ‘drawing of lines in the sand’ ensures wars do not become limitless
Rasch 5 (William Rasch, Prof. of German Studies, Indiana, 2005, Lines in the Sand: Enmity as a Structuring Principle, p.260-61)
What is to be…of absolute exclusion.

Tournament: Wake | Round: 3 | Opponent: Emory JS | Judge: Gordon Stables
Their discourse of danger is preoccupied with eluding death, justifying atrocities in the name of security – this way of thinking reduces life to avoiding death, making value to life impossible and extinction inevitable
Campbell 98 (David- PHD, Prof of cultural  and poli geog @ U of Durham, Writing Security, p.54-55)
It requires an…evangelism of fear.  

Our alternative is to demilitarize the public sphere, bottom up rejection of security politics allows us to move beyond an unsustainable system that leads to inevitable threat escalation
Lal, 2007
(Prerna P., Master of Arts in International Relations @ San Francisco State University, Senior Graduate Thesis, Critical Security Studies, “Deconstructing the National Security State: Towards a New Framework of Analysis,” http://prernalal.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/css-deconstructing-the-nat-sec-state.pdf)
Throughout this paper…tactical goal setting.

Tournament: UNI | Round: 5 | Opponent: KCKCC JM | Judge: Sam Oxborough
The affirmative’s attempt to speak for others is disauthorized by both their position of privilege and their lack of personal understanding. As a result, their discourse creates an us/them dichotomy that silences the other and reinforces a hierarchy of oppression. This turns the case.
Linda Alcoff, Professor of Philosophy, Women's Studies and Political Science, Director of Women’s Studies, Syracuse University, 1995, Linda Martin-Alcoff, “The Problem of Speaking for Others,” http://www.alcoff.com/content/speaothers.html.
Feminist discourse is…oppressed groups themselves.

Specifically, the speech act of a “First world” person speaking for the “Third world” reifies a civilizational hierarchy that silences the other through the production of racist knowledge-power.
Linda Alcoff, Professor of Philosophy, Women's Studies and Political Science, Director of Women’s Studies, Syracuse University, 1995, Linda Martin-Alcoff, “The Problem of Speaking for Others,” http://www.alcoff.com/content/speaothers.html.
(4) Here is my…and be heard.18

No matter the specifics, rejecting the hierarchical rituals of speaking is always liberatory. We must open up spaces to allow the other to speak—academic spaces are critical locations for this effort. Vote negative to listen.
Linda Alcoff, Professor of Philosophy, Women's Studies and Political Science, Director of Women’s Studies, Syracuse University, 1995, Linda Martin-Alcoff, “The Problem of Speaking for Others,” http://www.alcoff.com/content/speaothers.html.
Even if the…to do so. 

In the specific context of speaking for others, we must analyze representations first to break down
oppression.
Michelle Lowry, Master’s of Arts, Sociology and Equity Studies in Education, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education; Bachelor of Arts, Women's Studies, York University, 1998, “The Construction of ‘Needy Subjects’: An Analysis of the Representation of ‘Third World’ Children in Charity Advertising.”
In order to…and racist discourse.

Tournament: KCKCC | Round: 4 | Opponent: Missouri State RS | Judge: Mia Bonnito
Targeted Killing CP

The term ‘targeted killing’ is a euphemism used to legitimize assassination as a legitimate tool within an ambiguous and ongoing space politically defined as war.
Jones 13 (Craig, PhD student in the Department of Georgraphy at the University of British Columbia-Vancouver, Scholar at the Liu Institute for Global Issues, “Legitimate Target?” http://warlawspace.com/tag/targeted-killing/)
I’ll leave you…interesting bit yet.

The institutionalization of euphemisms into policy discourse enables all forms of violence.
Bosmajian 84 (Dr. Haig, Professor of Speech Communication at University of Washington, 12/5, “Dehumanizing People and Euphemizing War,” http://www.religion-online.org/showarticle.asp?title=1442)
Our nation has…defending the indefensible.

The term ‘targeted killing’ must be abandoned – it gives the illusion of due diligence that simply does not exist and masks the drone’s role in indiscriminate killing.
Woodward 13 (Paul, independent journalist, editor, designer, software knowledge architect, construction worker, and Buddhist monk, while living in England, France, India, and the United States, “The ongoing campaign to cover up Obama’s indiscriminate killing program”, War in Context, 5/10, http://warincontext.org/2013/05/10/the-ongoing-campaign-to-cover-up-obamas-indiscriminate-killing-program/)
Micah Zenko continues…in indiscriminate killing.

Wording matters – it’s the primary way the US is able to engage in counterterrorism.
O’Connell 12 (Mary Ellen, Robert and Marion Short Chair in Law and Research Professor of International Dispute Resolution—Kroc Institute for Peace Studies, University of Notre Dame, “The Right to Life in War and Peace: A Legal and Moral Critique of Targeted Killing”, Remarks for the Institute of Theology and Peace (Hamburg, Germany, 8/15, https://www.law.upenn.edu/live/files/1634-oconnell-the-right-to-life-in-war-and-peace)
Words, “propaganda” in…is the reality.

Tournament: KCKCC | Round: 4 | Opponent: Missouri State RS | Judge: Mia Bonnito
Topicality – Restrictions = Prohibitions

A. Interpretation - restrictions are prohibitions.
Northglenn 11 (City of Northglenn Zoning Ordinance, “Rules of Construction – Definitions”, http://www.northglenn.org/municode/ch11/content_11-5.html)
Section 11-5-3…permit or license.

B. Violation – the plan does not prohibit the President from engaging in targeted killing, it only adds a step in the process of decisionmaking to make it more difficult.

C. Standards –

1. Ground – not prohibiting presidential actions makes all DA links and counterplan competition impossible since the AFF isn’t required to stop the President from doing anything.  Access to this ground is key to negative preparation to check AFF topic selection and infinite prep at the beginning of the season.

2. Brightline – the plan text either prohibits or it does not – our interpretation establishes a clear division of topical and non-topical affirmatives, which reduces judge intervention and preserves clash in the debate.

D. Topicality   is a voting issue for reasons of fairness and competitive equity and should be judged on the basis of competing interpretations.

Tournament: Wake | Round: 3 | Opponent: Emory JS | Judge: Gordon Stables
Using the ‘war’ terminology and a ‘war powers’ approach creates a collective experience situated towards the exercise of American exceptionalism.
Gerety 5 (Tom, Executive Director and Brennan Professor, Brennan Center for Justice, New York University, “The War Difference: Law and Morality in Counterterrorism”, 74 U. Cin. L. Rev. 147, Fall, L/N)
Yes, we call…conduct in counter-terrorism.

American exceptionalism is at the heart of all mass, military atrocities and justifies killing in the name of saving.
Spanos 3 (William V, Professor of English at Binghamton University, A Rumor of War: 9/11 and the Forgetting of the Vietnam War, p. 33-34) PJ
This extraordinarily reductive…only one example. 

There is no such thing as ‘war powers’ – use of the term produces bad policy – we should use the term ‘military establishment powers’ instead.
Fenster 12 (Herbert Lawrence, Senior Counsel and Practicing Attorney at McKenna, Long and Aldridge, served as litigation counsel for the Reagan-Bush Campaign Committee, General Counsel of the National Defense University Foundation, “The Great War Powers Misconstruction,” Journal of National Security Law and Policy, http://jnslp.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/The-Great-Powers-Misconstruction.pdf)
There is no such…impervious to application.8

Tournament: UNI | Round: 1 | Opponent: Concordia CT | Judge: Candice Moore
The affirmative accomplishes nothing but linking to our war discourse bad arguments – Obama abandoned the term ‘war on terror’ in favor of ‘overseas contingency operations’, which means the counterplan is the only effective way to constrain the executive.
Washington Post 9 (Scott Wilson and Al Kamen, “'Global War On Terror' Is Given New Name”, 3/25, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/03/24/AR2009032402818.html?wprss=rss_politics/administration)
The Obama administration…'Overseas Contingency Operation.' " 

Using the ‘war’ terminology and a ‘war powers’ approach creates a collective experience situated towards the exercise of American exceptionalism.
Gerety 5 (Tom, Executive Director and Brennan Professor, Brennan Center for Justice, New York University, “The War Difference: Law and Morality in Counterterrorism”, 74 U. Cin. L. Rev. 147, Fall, L/N)
Yes, we call…conduct in counter-terrorism.

American exceptionalism is at the heart of all mass, military atrocities and justifies killing in the name of saving.
Spanos 3 (William V, Professor of English at Binghamton University, A Rumor of War: 9/11 and the Forgetting of the Vietnam War, p. 33-34) PJ
This extraordinarily reductive…only one example.