Tournament: UNLV | Round: 1 | Opponent: UNLV BM | Judge:
The United States Congress should establish a National Security Court with sole jurisdiction over cases pursuant to Section 1021 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012.

Contention 1 is Inherency
D.C. courts are shaping detention policy now but lack of Supreme Court action means detention is here to stay.
Horowitz, J.D. Candidate at Fordham University, ‘13
Colby, “CREATING A MORE MEANINGFUL ¶ DETENTION STATUTE: LESSONS LEARNED ¶ FROM HEDGES V. OBAMA”, Fordham Law Review, Vol. 81, 2013, RSR

The NDAA of 2012 codifies the right of the president to indefinitely detain – expands on the AUMF.
Greenwald, Columnist for the Guardian, ‘11
Glenn, “Three myths about the detention bill”, Salon, 12-16-11,
http://www.salon.com/2011/12/16/three_myths_about_the_detention_bill/, RSR

Terrorism
Contention 2 is terrorism
Indefinite detention leads to terrorism – multiple warrants
First, motivation – comparative studies prove that indefinite detention increases the motivation for terrorism and the likelihood of an attack.
Roberts, Associate Professor of Philosophy at East Carolina University, ‘11
Rodney, “Utilitarianism and the Morality of Indefinite Detention”, Criminal Justice Ethics, Vol. 30, No. 1, RSR
Second, distrust – indefinite detention generates resentment that kills effective community cooperation within counter terrorism efforts.
Hathaway, et al, ‘13
Oona (Gerard C. and Bernice Latrobe Smith Professor of International Law, Yale Law School); Samuel Adelsberg (J.D. candidate at Yale Law School); Spencer Amdur (J.D. candidate at Yale Law School); Freya Pitts (J.D. candidate at Yale Law School); Philip Levitz (J.D. from Yale Law School); and Sirine Shebaya (J.D. from Yale Law School), “The Power To Detain: Detention of Terrorism Suspects After 9/11”, The Yale Journal of International Law, Vol. 38, 2013, RSR
Third, signaling – use of indefinite detention hinders allied cooperation over counterterrorism – security experts overwhelmingly vote aff.
Pearlstein, Visiting Research Scholar and Lecturer in Public and International Affairs, Woodrow
Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, ‘9
Deborah, “WE'RE ALL EXPERTS NOW:¶ A SECURITY CASE AGAINST SECURITY DETENTION”, Case Western Journal of International Law, Vol. 40, 2009, RSR

Intelligence cooperation is crucial to quell the threat of terrorism.
Cordesman, Arleigh A. Burke Chair in Strategy at CSIS, ‘10
Anthony, “The True Lessons of Yemen   and Detroit:  How the US Must Expand and Redefine   International Cooperation in Fighting   Terrorism”, CSIS, 2010, RSR

The risk of a nuclear terrorist attack is high – top UN officials concede.
Sturdee, AFP, ‘13
Simon, “UN atomic agency sounds warning on 'nuclear terrorism'”, Fox News, 7-1-13,
http://www.foxnews.com/world/2013/07/01/un-atomic-agency-sounds-warning-on-nuclear-terrorism/, RSR

An attack breaks the nuclear taboo – leads to nuclear war.
Bin ‘9, director of Arms Control Program at the Institute of International Studies, Tsinghua University ¶ 5-22-09 About the Authors Prof. Li Bin is a leading Chinese expert on arms control and is currently the director of Arms Control Program at the Institute of International Studies, Tsinghua University. He received his Bachelor and Master Degrees in Physics from Peking University before joining China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP) to pursue a doctorate in the technical aspects of arms control. He served as a part-time assistant on arms control for the Committee of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense (COSTIND).Upon graduation Dr. Li entered the Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics (IAPCM) as a research fellow and joined the COSTIND technical group supporting Chinese negotiation team on Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT). He attended the final round of CTBT negotiations as a technical advisor to the Chinese negotiating team. Nie Hongyi is an officer in the People’s Liberation Army with an MA from China’s National Defense University and a Ph.D. in International Studies from Tsinghua University, which he completed in 2009 under Prof. Li Bin

Independently, an attack on US soil causes extinction.
Ayson, Professor of Strategic Studies at Oxford, 10
Robert, Director of Strategic Studies: New Zealand, Senior Research Associate with Oxford’s Centre for International Studies. “After a Terrorist Nuclear Attack: Envisaging Catalytic Effects. Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Volume 33, Issue 7, July 2010, pages 571-593

Leadership
Contention 3 is Leadership
First, indefinite detention hurts U.S. diplomatic power in championing human rights – empirics prove.
Chaffee, Advocacy Counsel at Human Rights First, ‘9
Devon, “THE COST OF INDEFINITELY KICKING THE CAN: WHY CONTINUED¶ "PROLONGED" DETENTION IS NO SOLUTION TO GUANTANAMO”, Case Western Journal of International Law, Vol. 42, 2009, RSR

No alt causes – detention is the biggest internal link to credibility loss.
Welsh, J.D. from the University of Utah, ‘11
David, currently a doctoral student at the University of Arizona, “Procedural Justice Post-9/11: The Effects of¶ Procedurally Unfair Treatment of Detainees on Perceptions of Global Legitimacy”, 9 U.N.H. L. Rev. 261, March 2011, Lexis, RSR

U.S. leadership is essential to promoting global protection of human rights.
Roth, Director of Human Rights Watch, ‘9
Kenneth, Human Rights Watch World Report 2009, Introduction by Kenneth Roth,
http://www.hrw.org/en/world-report-2009/taking-back-initiative-human-rights-spoilers

Human rights protection prevents extinction
Annas et al 2 Edward R. Utley Prof. and Chair Health Law @ Boston U. School of Public Health and Prof. SocioMedical Sciences and Community Science @ Boston U. School of Medicine and Prof. Law @ Boston U. School of Law George, Lori Andrews, (Distinguished Prof. Law @ Chicago-Kent College of Law and Dir. Institute for Science, Law, and Technology @ Illinois Institute Tech), and Rosario M. Isasa, (Health Law and Biotethics Fellow @ Health Law Dept. of Boston U. School of Public Health), American Journal of Law and Medicine, “THE GENETICS REVOLUTION: CONFLICTS, CHALLENGES AND CONUNDRA: ARTICLE: Protecting the Endangered Human: Toward an International Treaty Prohibiting Cloning and Inheritable Alterations”, 28 Am. J. L. and Med. 151, L/N

Human right deficits fuels authoritarian crackdowns in Russia---destroys US-Russia engagement.
Mendelson, director, Human Rights and Security Initiative, CSIS, ‘9
Sarah, "U.S.-Russian Relations and the Democracy and Rule of Law Deficit" tcf.org/assets/downloads/tcf-russiarelations.pdf, DOA: 7-23-13, y2k

Now is key - bolstering democratic reform in Russia prevents violent revolution.
Freeland and Gutterman, ‘12
Chrystia and Steve, Writers for Reuters, January 17, 2012, “Russia faces violent revolution if it doesn’t embrace democracy, billionaire Putin challenger declares”, http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/01/17/russia-faces-violent-revolution-if-it-doesnt-embrace-democracy-billionaire-putin-challenger-declares/

That causes miscalculation and nuclear war
Pry, Former US Intelligence Operative, ‘99
Peter Vincent, War Scare:  U.S.-Russia on the Nuclear Brink, netlibrary

US-Russia relations key to solve extinction.
Allison, Director of the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government, ‘11
Graham, 10-30-11, “10 reasons why Russia still matters,” http://dyn.politico.com/printstory.cfm?uuid=161EF282-72F9-4D48-8B9C-C5B3396CA0E6

Solvency
Contention 4 is solvency
The national security court solves – preserves national security while providing the appropriate international signal.
Sulmasy, Commander and associate professor of law at the U.S. Coast Guard Academy, ‘6
Glenn, “THE LEGAL LANDSCAPE AFTER HAMDAN:¶ THE CREATION OF HOMELAND SECURITY¶ COURTS”, NEW ENG. J.INT'L and COMP.L., Vol. 13, RSR

Congressional action on detention is the only way to make the executive accountable – empirically proven, the court will back them up and preserves executive flexibility.
Harvard Law Review, ‘12
“RECENT LEGISLATION”, Vol. 125, 2012, RSR

Tournament: USC Alan Nicols | Round: 4 | Opponent: Cornell MK | Judge: Jeanette Rodriguez
Mourn the lives of those who have passed
Under the Obama administration the continued and seemingly unending use of Drone warfare has increased dramatically, resulting in the deaths of at least 2,593
Holmqvist, 2013. (Caroline, Holmqvist. Centre for International Studies, London School of Economics, UK Swedish National Defense College, Sweden. “Undoing War: War Ontologies and the Materiality of Drone Warfare” May 1, 2013. http://mil.sagepub.com/content/early  /2013/04/30/0305829813483350. P. 5-6) 

The main focus
AND
 amongst whom wars are fought.
Targeted killings induces the murder of countless civilians. These violent deaths are deemed as accidents as a way to justify the wrongful and accidental death of those people. These “accidents” become so commonplace that the military and public forget to care. This ignorance has been produce by an epistemology that diminishes an entire population and sect of individuals as “in need of saving” whilst simultaneously diminishing individual value.
Wilcox, 09 (Laura Wilcox, PhD candidate in the Computer Graphics and User Interfaces Group at Columbia University, Political Theory Colloquium, “Body Counts: The Politics of Embodiment in Precision Warfare”, Pg. 17-20, http://www.google.com/url?sa=tandrct=jandq=andesrc=sandsource=webandcd=1andved=0CCwQFjAAandurl=http3A2F2Fwww.polisci.umn.edu2Fassets2Fpdf2FBody2520Counts2520Theory2520Colloquium.docandei=jSONUr6NEKKRiQL4i4CIDwandusg=AFQjCNHn4jQx80YsvcmZ3VnQ0xKUJmr-1gandsig2=JdizkMV0VKlw6n7mqq5Edw) EJW

While the ‘terrorists’
AND
in the first place
Until we confront this violence, it will continue to destroy everyone caught in its path. Instead of viewing warfare solely as enacted by congress, we must own up the violence we wage on behalf of the U.S. and grieve the deaths we have been complicit in. To deny this connection is uniquely depoliticizing.
Kappeler 95 (Susanne Kappeler, assosciate professor at Al-Akhawayn University, “The Will to Violence: The Politics of Personal Behaviour,” pg. 75-76)

War does not suddenly
AND
war and violence.

Our use of the eulogy recounting civilian deaths allows us to escape the framing that allows this violence to continue. We must mourn the lives that are seen on the other side of the drone monitor and connect with this vulnerability before this violence will end. This connection is a prerequisite to any other “solution” as those solutions will inevitably fall back to leaving civilians faceless and leads to more violence.
Butler, 09 (Judith Butler, Maxine Elliot Professor in the Departments of Rhetoric and Comparative Literature at the University of California Berkeley, “Frames of War: When is Life Grievable?”, 2009-, Pg. 10-11)

The frame that seeks
AND
inheres in¶ its doings.
All of society, including and especially these innocent individuals, are vulnerable and this is precisely why we mourn. But, while society oppresses and excludes the Other, this makes mourning a private occasion and equally artificially excluded from our everyday lives.
Stanescu ‘12 (James Stanescu, PhD student at Binghamton University's Philosophy, Interpretation, and Culture program,  also the Director of Debate at Mercer University, and also serve as an adjunct professor there., Hypatia 27.3, 2012, p.)

Vulnerability and mourning
and
during our trip to the grocery store.
Thus the Role of the Ballot is to endorse the team that best performativity or methodologically affirms the precarious lives these innocent individuals.
Our act of mourning affirms the precarious nature of all life. Current tendencies to inoculate our vulnerability lead to paradoxical wars for peace. Instead, shared embodied vulnerability and finitude should become the basis for a new ethical politics
Stanescu ‘12 (James Stanescu, PhD student at Binghamton University's Philosophy, Interpretation, and Culture program,  also the Director of Debate at Mercer University, and also serve as an adjunct professor there., “Hypatia”,  3-27,  2012, p.6) EJW

Butler develops vulnerability
AND
which lives get to count as life.

Mourning is inherently political – questions of ‘who gets to mourn’, ‘who is mournable’, and ‘where mourning is allowed’ determine who counts as alive in the first place
Stanescu ‘12 (James Stanescu, PhD student at Binghamton University's Philosophy, Interpretation, and Culture program,  also the Director of Debate at Mercer University, and also serve as an adjunct professor there., “Hypatia”,  3-27,  2012, p.6) EJW

MOURNING AS A POLITICAL ACT
AND
we constitute the political.

We must break with pedagogical traditions in our politics of mourning – this opens up debate to revolutionary new inclusive and transformational pedagogies
Zembylas ‘9 (Michalinos Zembylas, Faculty of Education – Open University of Cyprus, “Making Sense of Traumatic Events: Toward a Politics of Aporetic Mourning in Educational Theory and Pedagogy”, Educational Theory, v.59, n.1, 2009, http://users.auth.gr/~marrep/THALIS/PUBS/ZEMPYLAS/zembylas_mourning20ET.pdf, p.86-88)

Despite their differences
AND
uncritically — with others. 13