Tournament: Harvard | Round: 2 | Opponent: Georgetown KU | Judge: Katsulas

1NC

Immigration reform will pass now and PC is key.
TNR 10/24 (Seven Reasons To Stop Being Fatalistic About Immigration Reform. http://www.newrepublic.com/article/115341/immigration-reform-may-actually-pass)

President Obama’s East Room pitch on Thursday
AND
And it sure beats spending the next year talking about chained CPI.

Having to defend authority derails the current agenda
Kriner 10 Douglas L. Kriner (assistant professor of political science at Boston University) “After the Rubicon: Congress, Presidents, and the Politics of Waging War”, University of Chicago Press, Dec 1, 2010, page 68-69. 

While congressional support leaves the president’s reserve of political
AND
him in the international arena. 

Current immigration law endangers all innovation – reform is key
McCraw, professor emeritus at Harvard Business School, 11/1/2012
(Thomas, “Innovative Immigrants,” http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/02/opinion/immigrants-as-entrepreneurs.html?pagewanted=all)

SOME 70 million immigrants
AND
entrepreneurship, and it must be repaired — soon.

Immigration reform solves warming
Norris and Jenkins 9, *Project Director at the Breakthrough Institute, * Director of Energy and Climate Policy, The Breakthrough Institute,(Teryn and Jessie, “ Want to Save the World? Make Clean Energy Cheap,” Huffington Post, March 10, http://www.thebreakthrough.org/blog/2009/03/want_to_save_the_world_make_cl.shtml) 

Whatever the cause, we have very little chance  
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affordable enough to deploy throughout the world.

Warming leads to extinction
Sify ‘10 (Sify, Sydney newspaper citing Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, professor at University of Queensland and Director of the Global Change Institute, and John Bruno, associate professor of Marine Science at UNC (Sify News, “Could unbridled climate changes lead to human extinction?”, http://www.sify.com/news/could-unbridled-climate-changes-lead-to-human-extinction-news-international-kgtrOhdaahc.html)

The findings of the comprehensive report: 'The impact of climate change
AND
GCI release. These findings were published in Science.

Tournament: Gonzaga | Round: 2 | Opponent: Fullerton RS | Judge: Michael Eisenstadt

1NC

Using imperialism as a focus point kills any chance at change —capital is transnational and imperialism is a byproduct - this ends any chance at a perm and makes the impacts worse by affirming institutions of global capital.
Robinson 7 (Professor of sociology at the University of California, Santa Barbara, William, 2007, “Beyond the Theory of Imperialism: Global Capitalism and the Transnational State” Societies Without Borders, 2 (2007) 5-26 p. 9-16, RSR)

Harvey offers no explicit conception of the state but he acknowledges that state behavior has
AND
claim that the US state functions to serve (US national) capital.

Privileging discourse and ideas guarantees mystifying the material conditions that cause class oppression – only a return to material criticism can confront the material oppression of global capitalism
Zavarzadeh 3 (Mas’ud, “The Pedagogy of Totality” p.3-4, in “JAC: A Journal of Rhetoric, Culture, and Politics”, Volume 23.1, http://www.jaconlinejournal.com/archives/vol23.1.html)

Berube's lesson obscures this CIA which is an extension of U.S. corporations
AND
it is ideology (as I outline it later in this essay).

The logic of capitalism results in extinction through the creation of ecological catastrophe and violent imperialist wars that will turn nuclear
Foster 5 John Bellamy, Monthly Review, September, Vol. 57, Issue 4, “Naked Imperialism”, http://www.monthlyreview.org/0905jbf.htm

From the longer view offered by a historical-materialist critique of capitalism, the
AND
needs—by organizing a global resistance movement against the new naked imperialism.

Vote negative to adopt the historical material criticism of the 1NC - historical analysis of the material conditions of capital is the only way to break free from is contradictions and social inequalities it causes
Tumino 1 (Steven, teaches at the City University of New York, Spring, What is Orthodox Marxism and Why it Matters Now More Than Ever Before)

Any effective political theory will have to do at least two things: it will
AND
determinism of corporate theory (and#34;knowledge workand#34 that masquerades as social theory.

Class divisions are the root of all other oppressions
Kovel 2 (Alger Hiss Professor of Social Studies at Bard College, awarded Fellowship at the John Guggenheim Foundation, Joel, The Enemy of Nature, pages 123-124)

If, however, we ask the question of efficacy, that is, which
AND
force of one person for the enrichment of another cannot be conjured away. 

Historical materialism must come first - it predetermines consciousness and the very possibilities of reflective thinking
Marx 1859 (Karl, a pretty important dude. “A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy: Preface” http://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1859/critique-pol-economy/preface.htm) JM
edited for gendered language

In the social production of their existence, people inevitably enter into definite
AND
conditions for their existence have matured within the framework of the old society.

Tournament: Gonzaga | Round: 4 | Opponent: Cal EM | Judge: Christian Bato
1NC:
Michigan’s affirmative action ban in Schuette will remain in place now – Kennedy’s the swing vote and agrees with the power of the popular referendum.
Gringlas and Shahin 13 Sam and Peter, Staff Reporters, “Ann Arbor reacts to monumental Supreme Court decisions”, 6-26-13, The Michigan Daily,
http://www.michigandaily.com/news/supreme-court-same-sex-marriage-0?page=0,2, RSR

While the case concerns the legality of Michigan’s ban on affirmative action, it deals
AND
be difficult to imagine the Supreme Court striking down the referendum in Schuette.”
A decision regarding indefinite detention would spark massive backlash – past decisions and the status quo prove.
Devins 10 Neal, Goodrich Professor of Law and Professor of Government, College of William and Mary,“Talk Loudly and Carry a Small Stick: The Supreme Court and Enemy Combatants”, Journal of Constitutional Law, Vol. 12, No. 2, February 2010, RSR

Throughout the course of its enemy combatant decision making, the Court has moved incrementally
AND
its muscles without meaningfully undermining the policy preferences of the President and Congress.
Controversial decisions burn capital – justices need to pick their fights.
Grosskopf and Mondak 98 Anke (Assistant Prof of Political Science @ Long Island University) and Jeffrey (Professor of Political Science @ U of Illinois), 1998, “Do attitudes toward specific supreme court decisions matter? The impact of Webster and Texas v Johnson on Public Confidence in the Supreme Court” Political Research Quarterly, vol. 51 no 3 633-54

The existence of a strong link between basic values and diffuse support does not necessarily
AND
to Supreme Court decisions affects institutional support may shape what answer we find.
Judicial capital is key to uphold the ban – otherwise Kennedy will vote switch and stick with precedent to preserve Court legitimacy.
Smith 92 Christopher E. Smith, Pol. Sci. Professor @ Akron, Fall 1992 “SUPREME COURT SURPRISE: JUSTICE ANTHONY KENNEDY'S MOVE TOWARD MODERATION” 45 Okla. L. Rev. 459

There is, of course, no way to know with certainty why Justice Kennedy  
AND
determine the out-  comes of cases when the Court is deeply divided.
Upholding the ban is key to preserve states’ rights and federalism.
Bursch, et al 12 John (Michigan Solicitor General); Bill Schuette (Attorney General); Eric Restuccia (Deputy Solicitor General); and Aaron Lindstrom (Assistant Solicitor General), “PETITION FOR A WRIT OF CERTIORARI”, November 2012, RSR

Second, this case involves a constitutional amendment enacted by public initiative. As the
AND
accorded to  state constitutional provisions, certiorari is appropriate  to review their annulment.
Federalism is key economic consolidation--which is vital for economic growth
Calebresi 95 (Stephen, Associate Professor, Northwestern University School of Law. B.A. 1980, J.D. 1983, Yale, “Reflections on United States v. Lopez: "A government of limited and enumerated powers: in defense of United States v. Lopez,” 94 Mich. L. Rev. 752, Michigan Law Review, December, lexis, AD: 7/5/9) LS
A third related advantage is that international federations can undertake a host of   which there
AND
and even the running of some kinds of income and wealth redistribution programs.
Economic collapse causes global nuclear war.
Friedberg and Schoenfeld, ‘8 (Aaron Prof. Politics. And IR @ Princeton’s Woodrow Wilson School and Visiting Scholar @ Witherspoon Institute, and Gabriel, Senior Editor of Commentary and Wall Street Journal, “The Dangers of a Diminished America”,
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB122455074012352571.html)

Then there are the dolorous consequences of a potential collapse of the world's financial architecture
AND
of these countries seek to divert attention from internal travails with external adventures.

Tournament: Gonzaga | Round: 6 | Opponent: Whitman BM | Judge: Jonah Feldman

1NC

CP Text: The Executive branch of the United States should declare a limit targeted killings to individuals who U.S. officials claim are being targeted, provide a public accounting of how it meets the principles of distinction and proportionality that the Obama administration claims, review its current policy whereby the executive authority for drone strikes is split between the CIA and JSOC, provide information to the public, Congress and UN special rapporteurs on what procedures exist to prevent harm to civilians and never conduct non battlefield targeted killings without an accountable human being authorizing the strike. The Executive branch should propose an international treaty banning signature strikes.

Self-Restraint solves
Zenko 13 (Micah, Dr. Zenko is a Douglas Dillon fellow in the Center for Preventive Action (CPA) at the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), he worked for five years at Harvard University’s Kennedy School of Government, and in Washington, DC, at the Brookings Institution, Congressional Research Service, and State Department's Office of Policy Planning, Council Special Report No.65, January 2013, Reforming US Drone Strike Policies, i.cfr.org/content/publications/attachments/Drones_CSR65.pdf)
History shows that how states adopt
AND
ground-based antiaircraft fire or aerial combat).

Tournament: Gonzaga | Round: 4 | Opponent: Cal EM | Judge: Christian Bato

1NC

Executive war power primacy now – Syria debate proves. 
Posner, Kirkland and Ellis Professor, University of Chicago Law School, 9-3
Eric, 9/3/13, Obama Is Only Making His War Powers Mightier, www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/view_from_chicago/2013/09/obama_going_to_congress_on_syria_he_s_actually_strengthening_the_war_powers.html

President Obama’s surprise announcement that he will ask Congress for approval of a military
AND
and avoid it when he knows that it will stand in his way.

Court interference decks the Executive flexibility prevents dealing with new crisis-~--link threshold is low.
Blomquist, Professor of Law, Valparaiso University School of Law, ‘10
Robert, THE JURISPRUDENCE OF AMERICAN NATIONAL SECURITY PRESIPRUDENCE, 44 Val. U.L. Rev. 881

Supreme Court Justices--along with legal advocates--need to conceptualize and prioritize big
AND
as determined by the POTUS and his national security executive subordinates.

Effective executive response is key to prevent global crises -~-- specifically: Iranian nuclearization, North African terrorism, Russian aggression, and Senkaku conflict
Ghitis 13
Frida, world affairs columnist for The Miami Herald and World Politics Review. A former CNN producer and correspondent, she is the author of The End of Revolution: A Changing World in the Age of Live Television. “World to Obama: You can't ignore us,” 1/22, http://www.cnn.com/2013/01/22/opinion/ghitis-obama-world

And while Obama plans to dedicate his efforts to the domestic agenda, a number
AND
of his attention to foreign policy as he did during his inaugural speech.

Senkaku conflict is on the brink -~-- quick U.S. intervention is key to prevent global nuclear escalation.
Klare, Five College professor of peace and world security studies @ Hampshire College, ‘13
Michael, He holds a Ph.D. from the Graduate School of the Union Institute. “The Next War”, 1/23, http://www.realclearworld.com/articles/2013/01/23/the_next_war_100500.html

Donand#39;t look now, but conditions are deteriorating in the western Pacific.
AND
planet will look with sadness and horror on the failure of everyone involved.

Tournament: Gonzaga | Round: 2 | Opponent: Fullerton RS | Judge: Michael Eisenstadt

1NC

The political is value to life—it is how originally solipsistic lives become incarnate and real to themselves.
Arendt 1958 Hannah, The Human Condition, pp. 196-199

The original, prephilosophic Greek remedy for this frailty had been the foundation of the
AND
like a dream, intimately and exclusively our own but without reality.29

No solvency for their critique without institutional focus.  We must try to change policy in order to change the world—the concentration of power in the hands of political elites is inevitable, so we must work within that system to check oppression and violence.
Themba-Nixon 2k Makani, Executive Director of the Praxis Project, Colorlines 3.2, pg. 12

The flourish and passion with which she made the distinction said everything. Policy is
AND
should be. And then we must be committed to making it so.

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 5 | Opponent: Dartmouth CC | Judge: Peter Susko

1NC

Presidential war powers authority captures the legal system—statutory and judicial restrictions on the president only serve to legitimate state monopolies on violence which make the worst atrocities possible.
Morrissey 2011 John, Department of Geography at the National University of Ireland, “Liberal Lawfare and Biopolitics: US Juridical Warfare in the War on Terror,” Geopolitics 16:280-305

Nearly two centuries ago, Prussian
AND
personnel to the International Criminal Court”.90

The alternative is to reject their understanding of the law as an independent neutral entity with the power to restrict practices apart from practices.  Instead, we should conceive of the law and practice as co-constitutive—this opens up the space to change the relationship between lived decisionmaking and the autocracy of bureaucratic legal determinations.
Krassman 2012 Susan, Professor at the Institute for Criminological Research at the University of Hamburg.  “Targeted Killing and Its Law: On a Mutually Constitutive Relationship,” Leiden Journal of International Law 25.03

Foucault did not elaborate on a comprehensive theory of law
AND
tool for introducing a new reading of law.

Tournament: Wake | Round: 4 | Opponent: Kansas FG | Judge: Kurt Fifelski

1NC

Tea party candidates lose the midterms now.
Page, 11-6
Susan, “Warning flags for the Tea Party and Democrats in 2014”, USA Today, 11-6-13,
http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2013/11/05/warning-flags-for-tea-party-and-democrats-in-2014-midterms/3444207/, RSR

WASHINGTON — As voters in some
AND
a more mainstream candidate. 

Plan’s a wedge issue that causes Tea Party success in the midterms as rank-and-file GOP voters rebel against establishment candidates.
Silver, ‘13
Nathaniel, an American statistician and writer who analyzes in-game baseball activity and elections, June 11, 2013, 538 – NYT, Domestic Surveillance Could Create a Divide in the 2016 Primaries, http://fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/06/11/domestic-surveillance-could-create-a-divide-in-the-2016-primaries/?_r=0

A poll released on Monday by the Pew Research
AND
popular among Democrats three years from now.

This costs GOP moderates their seats and swings the election to the Tea Party.
PDT, ‘13
Pakistan Daily Times, “Republican rift seeping into US foreign policy”, 8-7-13,
http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=20135C085C075Cstory_7-8-2013_pg4_7

Old-guard Republicans like
AND
presage a real crackup of the GOP,” he said. Afp

Tea party win collapses any legislative solutions to solve warming.
Cousins, 11-5
Farron, “Tea Party Holding GOP Back On Climate Change”, Desmogblog, 11-5-13,
http://www.desmogblog.com/2013/11/05/tea-party-holding-gop-back-climate-change, RSR

The Republican Party has always been
AND
dictated by the dirty energy industry itself.

Legislative action on climate solves extinction.
Khosla, ‘9
Ashok, IUCN President, International Union for Conservation of Nature, A new President for the United States: We have a dream, 1-29-09, http://cms.iucn.org/news_events/?uNewsID=2595

A rejuvenated America, with
AND
construction, agriculture and transport systems.

Tournament: Gonzaga | Round: 4 | Opponent: Cal EM | Judge: Christian Bato

1NC

Text: The United States Congress should establish a National Security Court with sole jurisdiction over cases pursuant to Section 1021 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2012.
The NSC is the best option solves the stigma of detention while preserving national security. 
Kimery, Homeland Security Todayand#39;s Online Editor and Online Media Division manager, ‘9
Anthony, draws on 30 years of experience and extensive contacts as he investigates homeland security, counterterrorism and border security, citing Glenn Sulmasy, first permanent commissioned military law professor at the Coast Guard Academy, where he is a Professor of Law teaching international, constitutional, and criminal law, and#34;The Case For A and#39;National Security Courtand#39;and#34;, December 3, www.hstoday.us/blogs/the-kimery-report/blog/the-case-for-a-national-security-court/a9333d82c11cecd35e74c8c0b65c2698.html

“The administration is now fully aware that this is a vastly complex issue
AND
national security, and still garner and maintain international support for our efforts.” 

Due process collapses intelligence gathering -~-- sources dry up -~-- destroys the heart of counter-terror policy
Delery Et.al. ’12 - Principal Deputy, Assistant Attorney General, Civil Division, DOJ
Principal Deputy, Assistant Attorney General, Civil Division, STUART F. DELERY
Defendantsand#39; Motion to Dismiss, United Statesand#39; Statement of Interest, Case 1:12-cv-01192-RMC Document 18 Filed 12/14/12 Page 1 of 58, UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, 12/14/2012

Third. Plaintiffsand#39; claims raise the specter of disclosing classified intelligence information in open court
AND
classified information is a special factor in the and#34;extraordinary renditionand#34; context).

Nuclear terrorism is possible and leads to extinction.
Dvorkin 12 (Major General (retired), doctor of technical sciences, professor, and senior fellow at the Center for International Security of the Institute of World Economy and International Relations of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladimir, The Center participates in the working group of the U.S.-Russia Initiative to Prevent Nuclear Terrorism, 9/21/12, and#34;What Can Destroy Strategic Stability: Nuclear Terrorism is a Real Threat,and#34; belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/22333/what_can_destroy_strategic_stability.html

Hundreds of scientific papers and reports have been published on nuclear terrorism. International conferences
AND
a common understanding of these threats and develop a strategy to combat them.

Tournament: Wake | Round: 2 | Opponent: Pittsburgh BC | Judge: Alyssa Lucas-Bolin

1NC

Judicial deference is high – there’s strict adherence to the political question doctrine
Bradley 9-2 (Curtis A., William Van Alstyne Professor of Law – Duke Law School, “War Powers, Syria, and Non-Judicial Precedent,” Lawfare Blog, 2013, http://www.lawfareblog.com/2013/09/war-powers-syria-and-non-judicial-precedent/)
As an initial matter, we need to bracket the issue of whether Obama’s action
AND
that might have motivated Obama to go to Congress with respect to Syria.

Reducing court deference breaks the political question doctrine
Lederman 11 (Martin, Professor of Law – Georgetown University Law Center, “War, Terror, and the Federal Courts, Ten Years After 9/11: Conference*: Association of American Law Schools' Section on Federal Courts Program at the 2012 AALS Annual Meeting in Washington, D.C.,” American University Law Review, June, 61 Am. U.L. Rev. 1253, Lexis)
Number two: Numerous very important, contested, hotly debated topics have arisen in
AND
the federal courts have been too timid or too aggressive in this area.

Setting a precedent against the PQD spills over to climate change cases-~--litigants are turning to the Courts now and asking them to abrogate the PQD
Tribe, the Carl M. Loeb University Professor, Harvard Law School, ‘10
Laurence H., Joshua D. Branson, J.D., Harvard Law School and NDT Champion, Northwestern University; and Tristan L. Duncan, Partner, Shook, Hardy and Bacon L.L.P., January 2010, “TOOHOTFORCOURTSTO HANDLE: FUEL TEMPERATURES, GLOBAL WARMING, AND THE POLITICAL QUESTION DOCTRINE,” http://www.wlf.org/Upload/legalstudies/workingpaper/012910Tribe_WP.pdf
Two sets of problems, one manifested at a microcosmic level and the other about
AND
cases demonstrates, the political question doctrine is feeling heat from both directions.

That crushes global coordination necessary to solve climate change.
Tribe, the Carl M. Loeb University Professor, Harvard Law School, ‘10
Laurence H., Joshua D. Branson, J.D., Harvard Law School and NDT Champion, Northwestern University; and Tristan L. Duncan, Partner, Shook, Hardy and Bacon L.L.P., January 2010, “TOOHOTFORCOURTSTO HANDLE: FUEL TEMPERATURES, GLOBAL WARMING, AND THE POLITICAL QUESTION DOCTRINE,” http://www.wlf.org/Upload/legalstudies/workingpaper/012910Tribe_WP.pdf
But that being said, if the Second Circuit was implying that such claims are
AND
the climate of the times and its implications for how we govern ourselves. 

Warming is real, anthropogenic and causes extinction
Flournoy 12 -- Citing Feng Hsu, PhD NASA Scientist @ the Goddard Space Flight
AND
, Springer Briefs in Space Development, Book, p. 10-11
In the Online Journal of Space Communication , Dr. Feng Hsu, a  NASA
AND
simply too high for us to take any chances” (Hsu 2010 )

Tournament: Gonzaga | Round: 6 | Opponent: Whitman BM | Judge: Jonah Feldman

1NC

The 1ACs atomistic approach to global problems makes extinction inevitable.
Ahmed, Executive Director of the Institute for Policy Research and Development (IPRD), ‘12
Dr. Nafeez Mosaddeq, he has taught at the Department of International Relations, University of Sussex "The international relations of crisis and the crisis of international relations: from the securitisation of scarcity to the militarisation of society" Global Change, Peace and Security Volume 23, Issue 3, 2011 Taylor Francis

This analysis thus calls for a broader approach to environmental
AND
maintain existing power structures, to keep the lid on.93 

The alternative is to reorient our approach to security. Developing a new political language that breaks away from the aff’s obsession with insecurity is necessary to build alternatives away from authoritarian politics.
Neocleous 08. ( Mark Neocleous is a Professor of the critique of Political Economy at Brunel University, UK and a member of the Editorial Collective of “Radical Philosophy”. Critique of Security. 186)

Simon Dalby reports a personal communication with Michael
AND
us to be brave enough to return the gift.

Tournament: Wake | Round: 5 | Opponent: Louisville LR | Judge: Jadon Marianetti

1NC

The United States federal government should
-attach a sunset provision to the AUMF—one that is tied to the withdrawal of forces from Afghanistan, scheduled for the end of 2014
-pass a resolution clarifying that the international law of self-defense requires a rigorous imminence, necessity and proportionality analysis, and that the use of cross-border military force should be reserved for situations in which there is concrete evidence of grave threats to the United States or our allies that cannot be addressed through other means
-Create a non-partisan blue ribbon commission made up of senior experts on international law, national security, human rights, foreign policy and counterterrorism to review intelligence reports and conduct a thorough policy review of past and current targeted killing policy, evaluating the risk of setting international precedents, the impact of US targeted killing policy on allies, and the impact on broader US counterterrorism goals and follow the advice of the commission. 

Sunsets allow time for justified authorizations while maintaining allied cooperation 
Daskal and Vladeck 13 (Jennifer Daskal is a fellow at Georgetown’s Center on National Security and the Law and an adjunct professor at Georgetown Law Center. Stephen I. Vladeck is a professor of law and the Associate Dean for Scholarship at American University Washington College of Law, “AFTER THE AUMF,” http://www.lawfareblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/After-the-AUMF-Final.pdf) 

An alternative option would be for Congress
AND
even without such legislation.

Repealing the AUMF is bad – leads to nuclear terrorism. It’s much better to amend it with oversight.
Henriksen, Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution and the U.S. Joint Special Operations University, ‘13
Thomas, “The AUMF Should Be Amended, Not Voided”, US News and World Report, 6-17-13,
http://www.usnews.com/debate-club/should-the-authorization-for-use-of-military-force-be-repealed/the-aumf-should-be-amended-not-voided, RSR

Repealing AUMF is too drastic, premature
AND
would have to be closed to the public

Nuclear terrorism is possible and leads to extinction.
Dvorkin 12 (Major General (retired), doctor of technical sciences, professor, and senior fellow at the Center for International Security of the Institute of World Economy and International Relations of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladimir, The Center participates in the working group of the U.S.-Russia Initiative to Prevent Nuclear Terrorism, 9/21/12, "What Can Destroy Strategic Stability: Nuclear Terrorism is a Real Threat," belfercenter.ksg.harvard.edu/publication/22333/what_can_destroy_strategic_stability.html

Hundreds of scientific papers and reports have been
AND
threats and develop a strategy to combat them.

Tournament: Wake | Round: 5 | Opponent: Louisville LR | Judge: Jadon Marianetti

1NC

Text: The Supreme Court of the United States should repeal the Authority for use of Military Force Act, which has given the president unlimited authority.

CP solves - courts can restrict war powers
Fisher 5 (Louis Fisher, senior specialist in separation of Powers with the Congressional Research Service, September 2005, “Judicial Review of the War Power,” Presidential Studies Quarterly, Vol 35, No 3, http://www.constitutionproject.org/pdf/422.pdf) 

The terrorist attacks of 9/11
AND
actions in time of war.

Tournament: Gonzaga | Round: 6 | Opponent: Whitman BM | Judge: Jonah Feldman

1NC

Interpretation: Targeted killings are strikes carried about against pre-meditated, individually designated targets---signature strikes are distinct.
Anderson, Professor at Washington College of Law, American University, ‘11
Kenneth, Hoover Institution visiting fellow, Non-Resident Visiting Fellow at Brookings, “Distinguishing High Value Targeted Killing and ‘Signature’ Attacks on Taliban Fighters,” August 29 2011, http://www.volokh.com/2011/08/29/distinguishing-high-value-targeted-killing-and-signature-attacks-on-taliban-fighters/

From the US standpoint,
AND
without knowing what mission is at issue.

Violation – The aff restricts signature strikes; these are not targeted killing.
Prefer our interp – allowing signature strikes in the topic destroys predictability, limits, and precision by allowing in mass attacks against enemy combatants and all kinds of air power weapons platforms
Anderson, Professor at Washington College of Law, American University, ‘11
Kenneth, Hoover Institution visiting fellow, Non-Resident Visiting Fellow at Brookings, “Efficiency in Bello and ad Bellum: Targeted Killing Through Drone Warfare,” Sept 23 2011, http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1812124

Although targeted killing and drone
AND
high value” targets, whether Taliban or Al Qaeda.

Tournament: Wake | Round: 2 | Opponent: Pittsburgh BC | Judge: Alyssa Lucas-Bolin

1NC

War Powers Authority refers to capacities explicitly granted by Congress – that means the aff must restrict authority under the WPR, AUMF, or NDAA
War Powers” refer to Congressional abilities – Presidential CINC powers are distinct
Gallagher 11 served as an F/A-18C Pilot, Air Officer, and F/A-18C/D Flight Instructor in the US Marine Corps operating forces. He worked Security Assistance initiatives for the US European Command and most recently as a Joint Planner in the USEUCOM J3 and J5. Gallagher is currently assigned to the Joint Staff, Pakistan-Afghanistan Coordination Cell (Joseph V. III, Parameters, Summer 2011, pp. 23-24, http://strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/parameters/ Articles/2011summer/Gallagher.pdf)

First, consider the constitutional issue of power imbalance. Central to the Constitution is
AND
—those who would ultimately sacrifice their blood and treasure in the effort.
The Constitution, on the other hand, vaguely delegates authority to execute foreign policy
AND
, (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008), 217.

Authority means expressly granted – assertions by the president don’t count.
Words and Phrases 04  (Volume 4a, Cumulative Supplement Pamphlet, p. 275)
U.S.N.Y. 1867.  Under the federal judiciary act
AND
. 258, 6 Wall. 258, 18 L.Ed. 829

Explodes the topic – Existing executive assertions of power allow the President to ignore all laws – the aff could pass new restrictions on literally anything
Schwarz, senior counsel, and Huq, associate counsel at the Brennan Center for Justice at NYU School of Law, 2007 Frederick A.O., Jr., partner at Cravath, Swaine and Moore, chief counsel to the Church Committee, and Aziz Z, former clerk for the U.S. Supreme Court, Unchecked and Unbalanced: Presidential Power in a Time of Terror, p. 153
Familiar failings from the Cold War era and earlier history returned to haunt the nation
AND
founding documents, the 1776 Declaration of Independence and the Constitution of 1787.

Makes the topic bidirectional - The War Powers Resolution proves that “restrictions” on undelegated powers are a massive increase in Presidential authority by licensing unconstitutional behavior.
Woods 06  Senior fellow in American history at the Ludwig von Mises Institute (Thomas E., Jr., "The War Powers Resolution Fraud."  February 4, http://www.lewrockwell.com/2006/02/ thomas-woods/the-war-powers-resolution-fraud/
Congress did pass the War Powers Resolution, to be sure. But if anything
AND
fixed law, despite violating the letter and the spirit of the Constitution.

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 5 | Opponent: Dartmouth CC | Judge: Peter Susko

1NC

First: interpretation – restriction is distinct from conditions.
Jean Schiedler-Brown 12, Attorney, Jean Schiedler-Brown and Associates, Appellant Brief of Randall Kinchloe v. States Dept of Health, Washington,  The Court of Appeals of the State of Washington, Division 1, http://www.courts.wa.gov/content/Briefs/A01/68642920Appellant20Randall20Kincheloe27s.pdf

3. The ordinary definition of the term "restrictions"
AND
agree to restrict his license.

Limits – commander in chief powers blow the barn door off, creates tiny unpredictable affs.
Gallagher 11 served as an F/A-18C Pilot, Air Officer, and F/A-18C/D Flight Instructor in the US Marine Corps operating forces. He worked Security Assistance initiatives for the US European Command and most recently as a Joint Planner in the USEUCOM J3 and J5. Gallagher is currently assigned to the Joint Staff, Pakistan-Afghanistan Coordination Cell (Joseph V. III, Parameters, Summer 2011, pp. 23-24, http://strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pubs/parameters/ Articles/2011summer/Gallagher.pdf)
First, consider the constitutional issue of
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Hopkins University Press, 2008), 217.

Tournament: Harvard | Round: 2 | Opponent: Georgetown KU | Judge: Katsulas

1NC

Executive war power primacy now – Syria debate proves.
Posner, Kirkland and Ellis Professor, University of Chicago Law School, 9-3
Eric, 9/3/13, Obama Is Only Making His War Powers Mightier, www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/view_from_chicago/2013/09/obama_going_to_congress_on_syria_he_s_actually_strengthening_the_war_powers.html

President Obama’s surprise announcement
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wants to and avoid it when he knows that it will stand in his way.

Congressional control of targeted killing destroys war fighting and turns the case.
Issacharoff and Pildes, ‘13
Samuel (Reiss Professor of Constitutional Law, New York University School of Law) and Richard (Family Professor of Constitutional Law, New York University School of Law; CoDirector, NYU Program on Law and Security), “Drones and the Dilemma of Modern Warfare,” PUBLIC LAW and LEGAL THEORY RESEARCH PAPER SERIES WORKING PAPER NO. 13-34 Star Chamber=politicized secret court from 15th century England, symbol of abuse
Procedural Safeguards

As with all use of lethal force, there must be procedures
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committees, to play this role effectively.65

Congressional restraints spill over to destabilize all presidential war powers. 
Heder, J.D., magna cum laude , J. Reuben Clark Law School, Brigham Young University, ’10
Adam, “THE POWER TO END WAR: THE EXTENT AND LIMITS OF CONGRESSIONAL POWER,” St. Mary’s Law Journal Vol. 41 No. 3, http://www.stmaryslawjournal.org/pdfs/Hederreadytogo.pdf

This constitutional
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Framers themselves declined to give such guidance

Perception of weak Presidential crisis response collapses heg.
Bolton, Senior Fellow at the American Enterprise Institute, ‘9
John, Former U.S. ambassador to the United Nations, “The danger of Obama's dithering,” Los Angeles Times, October 18, http://articles.latimes.com/2009/oct/18/opinion/oe-bolton18

Weakness in American foreign policy
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simply embodies weakness and indecision. 

Heg solves nuclear war.
Barnett 11 (Thomas P.M., Former Senior Strategic Researcher and Professor in the Warfare Analysis and Research Department, Center for Naval Warfare Studies, U.S. Naval War College American military geostrategist and Chief Analyst at Wikistrat., worked as the Assistant for Strategic Futures in the Office of Force Transformation in the Department of Defense, “The New Rules: Leadership Fatigue Puts U.S., and Globalization, at Crossroads,” March 7 http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/8099/the-new-rules-leadership-fatigue-puts-u-s-and-globalization-at-crossroads)

Events in Libya are a further reminder for Americans that we
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20th century, setting the stage for the Pacific Century now unfolding.