Tournament: Fullerton | Round: 6 | Opponent: Cal GW | Judge: Andy Casey
2AC General
1) We meet – our 1AC is a criticism of the President’s War Powers Authority in the area of indefinite detention.
2) The germaneness of the 1AC solves all their offense:
a) Solves predictability – keeps arguments rooted in the same body of literature, which guarantees that the neg will have research related to our affirmative.
b) Solves ground – our affirmative criticizes the discriminatory use of presidential war powers, so they can read all of their defenses of Presidential War Powers.  They can also challenge our method or descriptions in the aff.
c) Better for debate – their interpretation makes debate stale, resulting in the same heg aff versus agent cp/politics.  We encourage innovation by exploring the philosophical and methodological aspects of arguments.
3) The role of the ballot is to vote for the team with that employs the best strategy for challenging Islamophobia.  Discourse and representations are used by scholarship to create risk, which means that the way we describe the Other, especially in the context of Islamophobia, is more important than the discussion of policies, themselves.  That’s 1AC Elliot.
The way we frame the Other is a pre-condition to all violence.
Collins and Glover, 2002
John Collins, Ass. Prof. of Global Studies at St. Lawrence, and Ross Glover, Visiting Professor of Sociology at St. Lawrence University, 2002, Collateral Language, p. 6-7, The Real Effects of Language

As any university student knows, theories about the “social con¬struction” and social
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less likely to avert our mental gaze from the physical effects of violence.
ictate.¶ 

4) Their interpretation creates a self-fulfilling prophecy which turns all of their decision-making arguments:
A – their attempt to exclude the scholarship of the affirmative mirrors the efforts by the Bush Administration to censor criticisms of U.S. foreign policy in Osama bin Laden’s tapes.  That props up the narrative of an inherently violent and militaristic Islam raging against Western civilization.  The impact is the perpetuation of the myth of the clash of civilizations responsible for imperialistic foreign policy, racial profiling, and oppressive regimes abroad.  That’s 1AC Bottici and Challand.
B – Policy focus makes self-fulfilling prophecy inevitable.  Exposing instances of Islamophobia is key – the reductionist myth of the clash of civilizations is perpetuated by concealing information about the Other, allowing icons to prop up Islamophobia
Bottici and Challand 6 (Chiara Bottici, University of Florence, and Benoi?t Challand, European University Institute, Rethinking Political Myth: The Clash of Civilizations as a Self-Fulfilling Prophecy, 2006, European Journal of Social Theory 9(3): 315–336) PC

According to Seib (2004: 72), the original appeal of Huntington’s line was
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open mouth and eyes wide open (Geisser, 2003: 24).1
5) Epistemology DA – rooting debate in a fair division of ground, fiat, switch-sides debate, and roleplaying as the USFG relies on the Cartesian construction of the subject viewing arguments from the point-zero perspective.  This recreates an epistemic racism that universalizes Western epistemology and deems Islamic epistemologies inferior, allowing so-called ‘experts’ to link Islam with terrorism, justifying indefinite detention and creating bad education.  That’s 1AC Grosfoguel and Mielants.
6) Rationality DA – Their interpretation’s restriction of the arguments the affirmative can read relies on Kantian notion of a universal rationality, where truth-seeking is a process that individuals should separate from their social conditions.  Philosophes historically used this notion of rationality to create the strong, central, secular state, displacing religion to the private sphere.  This logic justified religious discrimination, masked under incremental religious tolerance to privilege societal stability.  That’s 1AC Asad.
7) Their attempt to root debate in state action perpetuates Islamophobic Western norms:
A) Academia’s focus on democracy and human rights has excluded non-Western epistemologies and deemed them inferior.  This perpetuates racial profiling, by deeming individuals who introduce alternative notions of democracy and human rights as suspicious fundamentalists.  That recreates the notion of the dangerous Muslim fanatic, justifying discrimination.  That’s 1AC Grosfoguel.  
B) Framing the democratic state as a progressive institution capable of solving its problems reinforces constructions of the East as anti-democratic and barbaric, which recreates the impacts of the aff
Volpp 2 (Leti Volpp, Associate Professor, American University, Washington College of Law, The Citizen and the Terrorist, 2002, 49 UCLA L. Rev. 1575) PC

We are witnessing the redeployment of old Orientalist tropes. Historically, Asia and the
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are depicted as the barbaric regions of the world that spawn terror. n42
C) Requiring a hypothical plan perpetuates the myth of post-racism societies and post-racism debate, which masks instances of racism such as veil laws, or indefinite detention
Grosfoguel and Mielants 6 (Ramón Grosfoguel, University of California - Berkeley, and Eric Mielants, Fairfield University, The Long-Durée Entanglement Between Islamophobia and Racism in the Modern/Colonial Capitalist/Patriarchal World-System: An Introduction, Human Architecture: Journal of the Sociology of Self-Knowledge: Vol. 5:Iss. 1, Article 2., 23 September 2006, http://scholarworks.umb.edu/humanarchitecture/vol5/iss1/2, da 10-12-13) PC

It does not matter if the Western domestic political system is the British multicultural model
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anti-Arab racism, especially in the United States (Salaita 2006).
8) We are a logical pre-requisite.  Legal reformism and restrictions on Presidential War Powers will always fail, because they fail to address the construction of the Other and antithetical to the American sense of identity.  That’s 1AC Volpp.
9) Reasonability – competing interpretations is an arbitrary race to the bottom.  The neg will just keep artificially moving the goal posts to exclude the aff to preclude the education we offer.   Potential abuse is not a voter.

Tournament: Fullerton | Round: 4 | Opponent: George Mason KL | Judge: James Stevenson
1AC
The upsurge of Anti-Muslim rhetoric has turned the political sphere into an echo chamber of racism, sacrificing any remaining semblance of critical thought on the altar of bipartisanship.
Giroux 11
Henry A. Giroux, Global TV Network Chair in English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University, formerly Boston University, Miami University, Penn State University, "Breivik's Fundamentalist War on Politics, and Ours," August 3, http://www.truth-out.org/breiviks-fundamentalist-war-politics-and-ours/1312390288

The tragic slayings in Norway raise anew serious questions about domestic terrorism and its roots
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can flourish, politics becomes a noble practice and democracy has a future.
This is evident in status quo detention policy. Indefinite detention represents an attempt to single out, debase and eradicate Muslim culture.
Elver, Research Professor of Global Studies at the University of California Santa Barbara, ‘12
Hilal, “Racializing Islam Before and After 9/11: From Melting Pot to Islamophobia”, TRANSNATIONAL LAW and CONTEMPORARY PROBLEMS, Vol. 21, Spring 2012, RSR

The combination of prolonged illegal detention, a new interpretation of ¶ torture, and
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abundant evidence that racial ¶ subordination of the Iraqi people was common knowledge.
Our detention policy is founded upon the basis of racial profiling. It creates a perpetual security state that dehumanizes the Brown Other.
Butler, Maxine Elliot Professor of Rhetoric and Comparative Literature at the University of California at Berkeley, ‘3
Judith, “INDEFINITE DETENTION”, La Rivista del Manifesto, Numero 35, 2003, RSR

The license to brand and categorize and detain on the basis of suspicion alone,
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photos released by the Department of Defense of the shackled bodies in Guantanamo.
Debate reinforces this by privileging seeking truth through rational forms of deliberation divorced from social conditions.  This props up the centralized, secular state, which discriminates against followers of so-called “irrational religions” in the name of stability.  Even institutional appeals to religious tolerance are used to demobilize opposition and preserve the state’s power.
Asad 93 (Talal Asad, Genealogies of Religion: Discipline and Reasons of Power in Christianity and Islam, Johns Hopkins University Press - A (1993), http://100.markelmore.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2013/05/01_asad_Genealogies-of-Religion_-all.pdf, da 11-15-13) PC

The rationality of criticism, according to Kant, consists in the fact that the
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to many non-Enlightenment states. Among them is contemporary Saudi Arabia.
Specifically, debate’s focus on policy action is a manifestation of epistemic racism that reasserts the superiority of Western institutions and norms over Islamic thought and recreates the racial profiling responsible for detention
Grosfoguel 10 (Ramo?n Grosfoguel, Epistemic Islamophobia and Colonial Social Sciences, Human Architecture: Journal of the Sociology of Self- Knowledge: Vol. 8: Iss. 2, Article 5, 2010, http://scholarworks.umb.edu/humanarchitecture/vol8/iss2/5, da 11-15-13) PC

The importance of this discussion about epistemic Islamophobia is that the latter is manifested in
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, its easy association with “terrorism” and representation as “terrorist.”
Western epistemology relies on the Cartesian construction of a subject who views arguments from the point-zero perspective, separating their truth-claims from their point of view – this roots knowledge production in the perspective of the Western conqueror, which causes the Islamic Other to be framed as inferior and makes racist policies inevitable.
Grosfoguel and Mielants 6 (Ramón Grosfoguel, University of California - Berkeley, and Eric Mielants, Fairfield University, The Long-Durée Entanglement Between Islamophobia and Racism in the Modern/Colonial Capitalist/Patriarchal World-System: An Introduction, Human Architecture: Journal of the Sociology of Self-Knowledge: Vol. 5:Iss. 1, Article 2., 23 September 2006, http://scholarworks.umb.edu/humanarchitecture/vol5/iss1/2, da 10-12-13) PC

Occidentalism created the epistemic privilege and hegemonic identity politics of the West from which to
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1979) and they contribute to the Western arrogant dismissal of Islamic thinkers.
This causes Islamic threat construction in debates about Presidential War Powers, which creates a self-fulfilling policy – historically discourse about Islam being incompatible with Western values was coopted to establish authoritarian regimes in Saudi Arabia and deployed by Orientalists to justify the invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan.  
Bottici and Challand 6 (Chiara Bottici, University of Florence, and Benoi?t Challand, European University Institute, Rethinking Political Myth: The Clash of Civilizations as a Self-Fulfilling Prophecy, 2006, European Journal of Social Theory 9(3): 315–336) PC

As Talal Asad also observed (2003), the construction of an Islamic threat,
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see e.g. The Passion of the Christ by Mel Gibson).
Our critical analysis is key – efforts to exclude the affirmative replicate censorship by the Bush Administration to stifle opposition to the reductionist ideology of the clash of civilizations responsible for a self-fulfilling prophecy
Bottici and Challand 6 (Chiara Bottici, University of Florence, and Benoi?t Challand, European University Institute, Rethinking Political Myth: The Clash of Civilizations as a Self-Fulfilling Prophecy, 2006, European Journal of Social Theory 9(3): 315–336) PC

Surprisingly, the idea of a clash of civilizations, when it first appeared,
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what is consciously learned and what is unconsciously apprehended by exposure to it.
This space is key—interrogating Islamophobia in educational settings is critical to establish a critical consciousness that enables larger political projects
Housee 12, Senior Lecturer in Sociology
Jan. 04 2012, Shirin Housee works at the School of Humanities, Languages and Social Sciences, University of Wolverhampton, UK “What’s the point? Anti-racism and students’ voices against Islamophobia”, Volume 15, Issue 1
Having reflected on the two seminar sessions on Islamophobia and the student comments, I
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is to education that our attention should be directed.’ (162)
The aff is a logical pre-requisite to better policymaking – without a criticism of the way we construct the Muslim identity, legal reformism is doomed to failure.  That criticism is impossible under current policy-making frameworks, because they reaffirm Western norms and posit Muslims and non-Western institutions as antithetical to those norms.
Volpp 2 (Leti Volpp, Associate Professor, American University, Washington College of Law, The Citizen and the Terrorist, 2002, 49 UCLA L. Rev. 1575) PC

In the American imagination, those who appear "Middle Eastern, Arab, or
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bodies are always marked and disrupt the idea of integration or assimilation. n93

Discourse and representations matter – they are the basis for war. What we lack is not a proper scientific or empirical challenge to violence; we lack the cultural critics willing to fight the fear mongering which results in war. As scholars, we have an obligation to refuse and problematize the cultural grammar of risk.
Elliot, ‘12
Emory, University Professor of the University of California and Distinguished Professor of English at the University of California, Riverside, Terror, Theory, and the Humanities ed. Di Leo, Open Humanities Press, Online, RSR
In a 1991 interview for the New York Times Magazine, Don DeLillo expressed his
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others to question the meaning and motives of what they see and hear.